Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
RADAR OPERATOR FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ RADAR OPERATOR FINAL EXAM 2025 The acronym "RADAR" stands for ______ ? Radio Detecting and Ranging Which of the following will not affect the range of radar? RF interference, high voltage lines, and range control. ALL WILL AFFECT RANGE! What is the operating frequency of k-band radar?
Typology: Exams
1 / 25
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
The acronym "RADAR" stands for ______?
Radio Detecting and Ranging
Which of the following will not affect the range of radar?
RF interference, high voltage lines, and range control.
ALL WILL AFFECT RANGE!
What is the operating frequency of k-band radar?
24.15 GHZ
How many cycles per second will k-band radar signal shift for each mile per hour of speed indicated on the radar instrument?
72
Traffic radar uses ______.
Radio waves
When externally testing a radar device in the moving mode, what will the target window readout indicate if you have simultaneously activated a 35 mph and a 65 mph tuning fork?
30
An approaching vehicle reflects the signal from the radar and ____.
Compresses the waves
Radar effects are those things of what nature that may cause erroneous speed indications on the readout?
Electrical, mechanical, or operational
The term "frequency" is defined as the ____.
Number of waves transmitted per second
False
The radar signal travels at the speed of light.
True
Batching effect only occurs if the patrol vehicle has a sudden change in velocity while using moving radar.
True
The feedback (or scanning effect) is possible with all radar sets, regardless of design.
False
Once transmitted, the length of the radar beam is infinite unless it is _______.
reflected, absorbed, or refracted
Amount of time certificates are good for?
Three years
One of the best know challenges to Radar.
Dade County, Fl. Early 1979
Brazier vs city of Philadelphia (1906)
Speeding over 7 mph and driving such vehicles through the streets at that speed was considered to be driving in a reckless disregard of the rights of others. A
Increased speeds affect the three elements of driving;
1 The Operator
2 The Vehicle
3 The Road Surface
The braking distance at 40 mph is not twice the distance required at 20 mph, but?
4 times.
The braking distance at 80 mph would not be 4 times the distance required at 20 mph but more than?
16 times.
Elements of the speed offense.
Driver identification, location, speed and conditions.
Amount traffic fatalities decreased in 1974 as a result of the reduced national speed limit. (Reduced by 8,856)
The probability of a fatality in a crash roughly __________ as traveling speeds increases from 45 to 60 mph, and ____________ again as speeds go to 70 mph.
Doubles
Doubles
5 mph increase in speed limit.
Would not significantly change the frequency of crashes, but rather the severity of these crashes.
The word Radar is an acronym;
RAdio Detection and Ranging
Radio energy always travels at approximately?
186,000 miles per second.
Doppler Shift
The frequency of a radio signal changes when the signal is reflected from a target that is moving at a different speed than the radar device.
Wavelength
The distance from the beginning of the peak to the end of a valley.
Cycle
The same thing as one wave.
X-band RADAR
Frequency - 10.525 GHz
Wavelength - 3cm
K-band RADAR
For Radar certification you have to score __% on the written exam. For recertification you have to score __% on the written exam.
70%
75%
Police radar signals have frequencies of more than ___ waves per second?
ten billion
The number of waves transmitted in one second of time equals the _________.?
Frequency.
Whenever a RADAR signal is changed;?
The signals speed stays the same, but it's wave length and frequency both change.
Christian Johann Doppler
Discovered discovered this scientific principle by studying sound waves. (Doppler Principle)
Whenever there is relative motion between a RADAR instrument and a solid object, the frequency of the reflected signal will be _____________ than the frequency of the transmitted signal.
Different.
If the relative motion is bringing the object and the radar closer together, the reflected signal will have a ___ ___ then the transmitted signal.
higher frequency
If the relative motion is taking the object and the radar farther apart, the reflected signal will have a __ __ than the transmitted frequency.
lower frequency
Relative motion will occur if?
-the RADAR stands still and the object moves
-the object stands still and the RADAR moves
-they are both moving as long as they are moving at different speeds or in different directions so that the distance between them changes.
Angular effect, sometimes called the cosine effect.
When we adjust a RADAR units rage, we are actually adjusting it's ______________?
Sensitivity
A RADAR instrument's sensitivity means?
The minimum amount of energy it must receive before it will respond to (or see) a reflected signal.
If there is any doubt in your mind as to which target vehicle is being tracked;
Take no enforcement action.
Automatic locking features on RADAR instruments are _____ authorized for use in North Carolina
Not
Feature that will allow you to use your sense of hearing to support your visual observations, and help to eliminate selectivity and interference problems.
Audio tracking.
All radar instruments approved for use in North Carolina are required to have a _____ feature.
Audio tracking
Effective ___________________, no instrument approved for use after this date may be capable of "muting" the audio feature.
January 2006
Determining speed by use of speed measuring-equipment alone
Is not sufficient to establish vehicle speed, an officer needs to have an opinion, independent of any equipment used as to the speed of a specific vehicle.
Brandis & Brown on North Carolina Evidence
"A lay witness with sufficient knowledge and opportunity to observe may testify to the speed of a vehicle or the distance within which it could have been stopped on a given occasion."
Ability to estimate the speed of a vehicle;
Is not something we are born with but is a learned ability.
Moving RADAR transmits 1 signal out and receives 2 signals back. The two signals received are?
-The patrol speed relative to the ground and,
-The closing or separation speed of the target relative to the patrol vehicle
Opposite direction moving RADAR will always have?
A closing speed or separation speed greater than that of your vehicle.
The angular effect might cause a MOVING RADAR instrument to produce a target speed measurement that is _____________ than the target's true speed.
Higher
Shadowing Effect
This may cause patrol speed reading to be lower than the actual patrol speed. This raises the targets vehicles speed reading. Caused by signal being reflected back by a large truck moving in the same direction.
The Batching effect might happen if?
The patrol car is substantially changing it's speed (rapidly accelerating or decelerating) while the RADAR speed measurements are being made.
Same direction RADAR units will not process target speeds closer than how many MPH, up or down, from the patrol vehicles speed?
3-6 MPH
The most critical factor specific to same direction moving RADAR units is what?
The inability of some instruments to discriminate between faster and slower targets.
When in the same direction target faster mode the instrument will always _____ the patrol speed to the closing or separation speed to compute the target speed.
Add
Formula for same lane, target faster mode.
(TS)=(PS)+(CS) or (SS)
State vs. Dantonio
Supreme Court of NJ swept away the old rule of requiring the testimony of expert witnesses in cases involving RADAR in 1955.
It must be shown that the instrument was working as designed when the reading was obtained.
Everight vs City of Little Rock (1959)
The use of a tuning fork as a reliable test of device accuracy was established by the Supreme Court of Connecticut in?
State vs Tomanelli (1966)
Honeycutt vs Commonwealth (1966)
KY Court of Appeals case that states it is sufficient to qualify an operator that he have such knowledge and training to set up, test and read the instrument, it is not required that he understand the scientific principles or be able to explain the internal working of the RADAR.
Stanford vs Karmann
Kansas Law, 1978. An officer's testimony is admissible as "lay opinion" even if he or she cannot be considered an expert in the field.
U.S. vs Sowards
Uncorroborated estimates may not be considered "reasonable" by the court and therefore a stop should not be made when slight differences exist between the uncorroborated estimate and the speed limit.
State vs Royster
The officers personal estimate of speed is considered reasonable based upon his testimony of the time of observation, a thorough distance by which he observed the vehicle travel and his training and experience estimating speed.
State vs Hanson
1978, Wisconsin court ruled that the officer must supply testimony to establish that;
-The unit was used in an area where road conditions are such that there is a minimum possibility of distortion.
-The input speed of the patrol car was verified.
-The units accuracy was tested within a reasonable time before and after the arrest.
