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Class: PHAR - Pharmacology; Subject: Pharmacology; University: Oregon Health & Science University; Term: Forever 1989;
Typology: Quizzes
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any chemical that can affect living processes TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 study of drugs and their interactions with living systems TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 study of drugs in humans TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease of to prevent pregnancy TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 Effectiveness-elicitsthe responses for which it is givenSafety- cannot produce harmful effects.Selectivity- elicits the response for which it is given
To provide maximum benefit with minimum harm TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 administrationpharmacokineticspharmacodynamicssources of individual variation TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 Right drug to the right patient in the right dose through the right route at the right time with the right documentation TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 more than the 6 rightswhat medications are appropriate for the patientwhat drugs are contraindicated for the patientthe probably consequences of the interaction between drug a patient TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 collecting baseline data (to compare with anticipated therapeutic effects and to evaluate adverse effects)identifying high-risk patientsassessment of patients capacity for self care
pro re nataknow the reason for drug usebe able to assess the patient's medication needsevaluate TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 early identification makes early intervention possibleknow the early signs of toxicityknow the procedure for toxicity management TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 preadministration assessmentanalysis and nursing diagnosisplanningimplementationevaluation TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 more complicated and more difficult to pronounce than trade names TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 single drug can have multiple trade names (acetaminophen has around 19)US drugs and drugs outside the country can have the same trade name but have different active ingredientproducts with the same trade name may have different active ingredients
they have the same does of the same ingredient so the only concern would be the non active ingredients and their effects of absorption TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 $20 billion TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 OTC TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood. TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 determines how soon effects will begin
increased ionization in plasma = increased absorption TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 IVIM/subQOraltopicaltransdermalinhaledrectalvaginaldirect injection into site of actionsublingual TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 the movement of drugs throughout the body TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 blood flow to the tissuesexiting the vascular systementering cells TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 by the blood
there is low regional blood flow which impacts therapypus- filled pockets have no internal blood vesselssolid tumors have limited blood supply TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 capillary beds- typically passing between capillary cells rather than through them.BBBPlacenta drug transfer TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 tight junctions between the cells that compose the walls of most capillaries in the CNSMust be able to pass through the cells of the capillary wall TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 lipid soluble drugs or drugs that have their own transport system TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 membranes of the placenta do NOT constitute an absolute barrier to the passage of drugsrisks: birth defects such as mental retardation, gross malformations, low-birth weight, if the mom uses opioids- drug dependent baby
liver metabolism is decreased TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 hepatic inactivation of oral drugs- concentration is greatly reduced before hitting systemic circulation TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 lack of cofactors (like vitamins) may decrease metabolism TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 removal of drugs from the body TERM 50
DEFINITION 50 urine, sweat, saliva, breast milk, or expired air
glomerular filtrationpassive tubular reabsorptionactive tubular secretion TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 pH-dependent ionizationcompetition for active tubular transportage TERM 53
DEFINITION 53 increased duration and or intensity of drugs TERM 54
DEFINITION 54 bile (feces) TERM 55
DEFINITION 55 direct correlation between therapeutic and toxic drug responses and the amount of drug present in the plasma
usually about 4 half lives TERM 62
DEFINITION 62 continuous infusiondepot administrationreduce dose and dosing interval TERM 63
DEFINITION 63 the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are producedin other wordsthe study of what drugs do to the body and how they do it TERM 64
DEFINITION 64 relationship between size of administered dose and intensity of the response it produces. TERM 65
DEFINITION 65 the minimum amount of drug we can usethe maximum response a drug can elicithow much we need to increase the dosage until desired intensity of response is achieved
largest effect that a drug can producematch intensity of response with the patients needvery high maximal efficacy is not always more desirable.(most important) TERM 67
DEFINITION 67 the amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect TERM 68
DEFINITION 68 any macromolecule in a call to which a drug binds to produce its effectsbody's receptors:hormonesneurotransmitters TERM 69
DEFINITION 69 binding of a drug to its receptor is reversiblereceptor activity is regulated by endogenous compoundswhen a drug binds to a receptor, it will either mimic or block the action of the endogenous regulatory molecules and increase or decrease the rate of physiologic activity normally controlled by that receptor TERM 70
DEFINITION 70 receptors are normal points of control of physiologic processesreceptor function is regulated by molecules supplied by the bodydrugs can only mimic or block the body's own regulatory moleculesdrugs cannot gives cells new functionsdrugs produce their therapeutic effects by helping the body use prexisiting capabilitiesin theory, possible to synthesize drugs to alter any biologic process for which receptors exist
compete with agonists for receptor bindingbind reversibly to receptorsequal affinity TERM 77
DEFINITION 77 only moderate intrinsic activitythe maximal effect that they can produce is less than that of a full agonistcan act as antagonists TERM 78
DEFINITION 78 desensitized or refractory(down-regulation) TERM 79
DEFINITION 79 hypersensitivity TERM 80
DEFINITION 80 simple physical or chemical interactions with small moleculesantacids, antiseptics, saline laxatives, chelating agents
dose producing therapeutic response in 50% of population (standard dose)nurses can adjust based off of the ED TERM 82
DEFINITION 82 the safer the drug TERM 83
DEFINITION 83 can occur whenever a patient takes more than one drugpatients frequently take more than one drug (polypharmacy) TERM 84
DEFINITION 84 increased therapeutic effectsincreased adverse effectsreduction of effects therapeutic or adversecreation of a unique response TERM 85
DEFINITION 85 direct chemical or physical interactionspharmacokinetic interactionpharmacodynamic interactioncombined toxicity
potentiativeorinhibitory TERM 92
DEFINITION 92 significantly impact the outcome of therapy TERM 93
DEFINITION 93 inhibits the metabolism of certain drugs using CYP3A isoenzymesRaises the drugs' blood levels