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Questions to accompany
Anatomy and Physiology
CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Each question consists of a stem statement or question, and 5 options. You must pick the one
correct answer.
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body? A. protein B. glucose C. tissue D. organ E. cell 2. Which of the following would NOT be seen in a histology section of human tissue, such as a biopsy? A. cytoplasm B. nucleus C. blood D. cell wall E. proteins 3. Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane of the cell? A. production of energy B. synthesis of proteins C. processing of cell products for export D. separating chromosomes from each other E. separating the contents of the cell from the external environment (interstitial fluid) 4. Plasma membranes are said to be:
A. semipermeable B. freely permeable C. impermeable D. leaky E. actively permeable
5. Most of the energy a cell needs to perform its functions is made in: A. endoplasmic reticulum B. nucleus C. mitochondria D. ribosomes E. lysosomes 6. Which intracellular organelle consists of layers of membrane studded with ribosomes? A. mitochondrion B. rough endoplasmic reticulum C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. Golgi apparatus E. nucleus 7. The term exocytosis refers to a cell’s ability to: A. export products it has made B. produce a steady source of ATP C. divide and replicate itself D. communicate with other cells E. respond to a stimulus 8. The layers of cells that form the lining of the mouth and vagina are examples of: A. squamous epithelium B. germinal epithelium C. stratified epithelium D. glandular epithelium E. ciliated epithelium
9. What are the star-shaped cells of the central nervous system that form the blood–brain barrier known as? A. astrocytes B. microglia C. Schwann cells D. ependymal cells E. oligodendrocytes 10. Cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes): A. do not have a nucleus B. are found in the walls of hollow organs C. form long fibres with many nuclei D. are myogenic E. easily become fatigued
Critical thinking: ARQs (assertion reasoning questions)
These questions consist of two statements:
- an assertion, and
- a reason. You must first determine whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE.
- If both statements are true, you must next determine whether the reason correctly explains the assertion. The answer will be option 1 or option 2.
- If one statement is true and the other is false then the answer is option 3 or option 4, depending on which of the statements is correct.
- If both statements are false, then the answer is option 5. There is one option for each possible outcome.
Question 11
A = the Assertion R = the Reason
Plasma membranes form the structure that covers and protects the body
Plasma membranes form the flexible boundaries that separate cells from each other
Options
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
A is true but R is false
A is false but R is true
Both A and R are false
Putting it all together
Question 15
Construct a flow chart or spider diagram that shows the inter-relationship between cells and tissues of the human body. Include the following key words in your sketch:
Active transport Epithelium Organelle
Carrier-mediated transport Exocytosis Osmosis
Cells Golgi apparatus Plasma membrane
Connective tissue Mitochondria Tissues
Diffusion Muscle Vesicle
Endocytosis Nerve tissue Waste
Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Stratified epithelium
Write notes on your diagram that explain the words.
- You may repeat words or add any additional words that you need to create your figure.
Answers to questions
Answers are supplied to most, but not all questions. Some may require you to carry out further
research using the book.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Each question consists of a stem statement or question, and 5 options. You must pick the one correct answer.
Critical thinking: ARQs (assertion reasoning questions)
These questions consist of two statements:
- an assertion, and
- a reason. You must first determine whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE.
- If both statements are true, you must next determine whether the reason correctly explains the assertion. The answer will be option 1 or option 2.
- If one statement is true and the other is false then the answer is option 3 or option 4, depending on which of the statements is correct.
- If both statements are false, then the answer is option 5. There is one option for each possible outcome. 1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body? E. cell 2. Which of the following would NOT be seen in a histology section of human tissue, such as a biopsy? D. cell wall 3. Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane of the cell? E. separating the contents of the cell from the external environment (interstitial fluid) 4. Plasma membranes are said to be:
A. semipermeable
5. Most of the energy a cell needs to perform its functions is made in: C. mitochondria 6. Which intracellular organelle consists of layers of membrane studded with ribosomes? B. rough endoplasmic reticulum 7. The term exocytosis refers to a cell’s ability to: A. export products it has made 8. The layers of cells that form the lining of the mouth and vagina are examples of: C. stratified epithelium 9. What are the star-shaped cells of the central nervous system that form the blood–brain barrier known as? A. astrocytes 10. Cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes): D. are myogenic
Question 13
A = the Assertion R = the Reason
During the process of exocytosis, storage vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extracellular space
Plasma cells produce antibodies to protect the body during an immune response
- Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
Explanation
The Assertion (A) is TRUE. Exocytosis is the process by which molecules including proteins and neurotransmitters are released to the outside of the cell. The substances are transferred from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane in vesicles; these fuse with the membrane and release their contents to the extracellular environment.
The Reason (R) is TRUE. Plasma cells are mature B-lymphocytes, which have been stimulated to produce thousands of antibody molecules every second. This function is an essential part of the immune response.
However, the two statements are independent of each other and R is not a correct explanation of A so option 2 is the correct answer.
