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Questions on Zero Climate Model of General Climatology - Exam 4 | GEOG 310, Exams of Climatology

Material Type: Exam; Class: General Climatology; Subject: Geography; University: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee; Term: Unknown 2000;

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 09/02/2009

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GEOG 310 Exercise Four (F2000)
ZERO Climate Model
5 points
FIRST READ THE ZERO MODEL GUIDE, ACQUAINT YOURSELF WITH THE PROGRAM,
AND THEN DO THE PROBLEMS ON THE LAST TWO PAGES.
ZERO COMPUTER CLIMATE MODEL GUIDE
You will be working with a simple zero-dimensional computer model of the atmosphere.
It combines the effects of all atmospheric parameters to produce one result, Global Average
Temperature (GAT).
When the program is first started the following will appear on the screen (possibly after a
few odd network messages that can be ignored):
******************************************************************************
Global Energy Balance Climate Model Copyright © James E. Burt, 1984
The temperature is 0.0 degrees Celsius,
and all parameters are at their standard values.
Enter: 0-run 1-new temp 2-new parms 3-time step 4-exit >
******************************************************************************
Your respo nse here should be : 0 (be sure t o hit t he ente r/re tur n key) This will initialize the
program to the current reference value of global average temperature (15.38 degrees Celsius).
The printout will be:
******************************************************************************
dT/dt s clr s cld ir clr ir cld total total steps
year temp deg/yr w/sq m w/sq m w/sq m w/sq m cloud albedo taken
.0 .00 3.714 123.3 93.4 88.6 102.3 .540 .363 0
10.0 14.29 .300 132.3 103.9 108.6 125.4 .540 .306 7
20.0 15.31 .019 132.9 104.6 110.2 127.2 .540 .301 4
30.0 15.38 .001 132.9 104.6 110.3 127.3 .540 .301 3
40.0 15.38 .000 132.9 104.7 110.3 127.3 .540 .301 2
50.0 15.38 .000 132.9 104.7 110.3 127.3 .540 .301 1
Enter: 0-run 1-new temp 2-new parms 3-time step 4-exit >
******************************************************************************
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GEOG 310 Exercise Four (F2000) ZERO Climate Model 5 points

FIRST READ THE ZERO MODEL GUIDE, ACQUAINT YOURSELF WITH THE PROGRAM, AND THEN DO THE PROBLEMS ON THE LAST TWO PAGES.

ZERO COMPUTER CLIMATE MODEL GUIDE

You will be working with a simple zero-dimensional computer model of the atmosphere. It combines the effects of all atmospheric parameters to produce one result, Global Average Temperature (GAT). When the program is first started the following will appear on the screen (possibly after a few odd network messages that can be ignored):


Global Energy Balance Climate Model Copyright © James E. Burt, 1984 The temperature is 0.0 degrees Celsius, and all parameters are at their standard values.

Enter: 0-run 1-new temp 2-new parms 3-time step 4-exit >


Your response here should be : 0 (be sure to hit the enter/return key) This will initialize the program to the current reference value of global average temperature (15.38 degrees Celsius). The printout will be:


dT/dt s clr s cld ir clr ir cld total total steps year temp deg/yr w/sq m w/sq m w/sq m w/sq m cloud albedo taken .0 .00 3.714 123.3 93.4 88.6 102.3 .540 .363 0 10.0 14.29 .300 132.3 103.9 108.6 125.4 .540 .306 7 20.0 15.31 .019 132.9 104.6 110.2 127.2 .540 .301 4 30.0 15.38 .001 132.9 104.6 110.3 127.3 .540 .301 3 40.0 15.38 .000 132.9 104.7 110.3 127.3 .540 .301 2 50.0 15.38 .000 132.9 104.7 110.3 127.3 .540 .301 1

Enter: 0-run 1-new temp 2-new parms 3-time step 4-exit >


ZERO PRINTOUT EXPLANATION

The ZERO program gives you additional information besides GAT, and also allows you to change 13 variables. The following is a brief explanation of the options and their meaning.

When the program prints: "Enter: 0-run 1-new temp 2-new parms 3-time step 4-exit >"

This is the main menu. 0 will run the program the specified number of time steps (default is 5 steps of 10 years) and show the changes in GAT and other variables at each step. 1 allows you to change the current temperature to any value (not particularly useful for simple applications). 2 prints out the current and standard values of the parameters that you can change in the program, and allows you to change them. 3 lets you change to a different time step. 4 exits the program when you are finished.


The main output of the program shows the following:

dT/dt s clr s cld ir clr ir cld total total steps year temp deg/yr w/sq m w/sq m w/sq m w/sq m cloud albedo taken .0 15.38 .237 132.9 104.7 109.5 126.4 .540 .301 0 10.0 16.18 .015 133.4 105.2 110.7 127.9 .540 .298 5 20.0 16.23 .001 133.5 105.3 110.8 127.9 .540 .298 3 30.0 16.24 .000 133.5 105.3 110.8 127.9 .540 .298 2 40.0 16.24 .000 133.5 105.3 110.8 127.9 .540 .298 1 50.0 16.24 .000 133.5 105.3 110.8 127.9 .540 .298 1

  1. Year shows the results at each specified time step
  2. temp shows Global average temperature (GAT)
  3. dT/dt shows relatively how fast GAT is changing in degrees/year
  4. s clr is the insolation (shortwave) energy absorbed from clear skies
  5. s cld is the insolation (shortwave) energy absorbed from cloudy skies
  6. ir clr is the longwave (earth) energy going out from clear skies
  7. ir cld is the longwave (earth) energy going out from cloudy skies
  8. total cloud is the fraction of the earth covered by clouds
  9. total albedo is the fraction of solar energy reflected from the earth
    1. st eps taken shows how "hard" the computer worked to do the calculations

GEOG 310 Exercise Four ZERO Climate Model 5 points

Name:_______________________ SS#:________________________

Problems: NOTE--RESET TO PRESENT STANDARD CONDITIONS

BEF ORE STARTING E ACH PRO BLE M!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  1. Change the solar parameter (#1) to 1300 w/sq. m. What is the new GAT? What causes total albedo to increase? (1 pt.)
  2. Human additions of CO 2 into the atmosphere may double its concentration to 640 ppm in the next century. Set variable #2 to reflect this value. What is the new GAT? What causes total albedo to decrease? (1 pt.)
  3. Human additions of dust into the atmosphere and deforest ation will increase albedo. Set the clear albedo (#5) to .20. What is the new GAT? (½ pt.)
  4. Set the solar parameter (#1) to 1300 w/sq. m. What level of CO 2 would offset this decrease and keep GAT at its present (15.38°C) value? (½ pt.)
  1. Set the clear albedo (#5) to .20. What level of CO 2 would offset this increase and keep GAT at its present (15.38°C) value? (½ pt.)
  2. A future climate scenario may have doubled CO 2 , increased cloud cover (due to warm temps.), but higher cloud types, and higher land surface albedo (due to deforestation). Set #2 to 640 ppm, #3 to .60, #4 to .40, and #5 to .17 to reflect this scenario in the model. What is the new GAT? (½ pt.)
  3. Compare the effects of changes in solar radiation, CO 2 concentration, and clear albedo on the model. Rank them according to the sensitivity of GAT to changes in each (absolute change in GAT per unit percentage change of the variable). Note: a larger absolute change in GAT means greater sensitivity. (½ pt.)
  4. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using a simple zero-dimensional model such as the ZERO model. (½ pt.)