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Fundamental Concepts in Psychology and Genetics - Prof. Joseph Morrissey, Exams of Psychology

Various fundamental concepts in psychology and genetics, including learning theories, classical conditioning, genetic inheritance, and measures of central tendency. It also discusses the history of psychology and genetics, with a focus on key figures and experiments.

Typology: Exams

2010/2011

Uploaded on 04/27/2011

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1. The law of effect formulated by thorndike states that:
responses leading to satisfying results become more likely to be repeated, and those
leading to unpleasnt results become less likely to be repeated
2. Psychologists who are part of this movement have done most of the reaserach on
the field of learning
behaviorism
3. Where is the DNA that contains the entire genetic code for a particular
individual
in the nucleus of the body’s cells
4. A psychologist wants to determine whether the lighting in a room affects tests
performance. He has one group of students take a test in a brightly lit room and a
comparable group take the same test in the dimly lit room. In this experiment, what
are the variables
the level of brightness is the independent variable and the test score is decepndent
variable
5. Which of the following is a theory of how altruistic behavior is evolutionary adaptive
reciprocity theory
6. Piaget contributed greatly to cog pysch through is accounts of
cognitive development in children
7. How do you achieve extinction in a classical conditioning experiment
unpair CS and US
8. Sasha’s blood type is A. She received heterozygous alleles for blood type from
her parents- an A allele from her mother and an O allele from her father. The fact
that sasha’s DAN contains both A and O alleles for blood type referes to her ___
and it is the ___ relationship of these alleles that causes only her A allele to be
expressed
geneotype; dominant-recessive
9. This type of research is often done as a first step in a sequence of studies. It lacks
the control of other techniques, but does not have a great deal of external validity
descriptive study
10. Watson’s experiment that involved Little Albert provided evidence of which of
the following classical conditioning phenomena
Response generalization
11. A measurement is ____ if it yields the same, or similar, results each time that it is
used
Reliable
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  1. The law of effect formulated by thorndike states that: responses leading to satisfying results become more likely to be repeated, and those leading to unpleasnt results become less likely to be repeated
  2. Psychologists who are part of this movement have done most of the reaserach on the field of learning behaviorism
  3. Where is the DNA that contains the entire genetic code for a particular individual in the nucleus of the body’s cells
  4. A psychologist wants to determine whether the lighting in a room affects tests performance. He has one group of students take a test in a brightly lit room and a comparable group take the same test in the dimly lit room. In this experiment, what are the variables the level of brightness is the independent variable and the test score is decepndent variable
  5. Which of the following is a theory of how altruistic behavior is evolutionary adaptive reciprocity theory
  6. Piaget contributed greatly to cog pysch through is accounts of cognitive development in children
  7. How do you achieve extinction in a classical conditioning experiment unpair CS and US
  8. Sasha’s blood type is A. She received heterozygous alleles for blood type from her parents- an A allele from her mother and an O allele from her father. The fact that sasha’s DAN contains both A and O alleles for blood type referes to her ___ and it is the ___ relationship of these alleles that causes only her A allele to be expressed geneotype; dominant-recessive
  9. This type of research is often done as a first step in a sequence of studies. It lacks the control of other techniques, but does not have a great deal of external validity descriptive study
  10. Watson’s experiment that involved Little Albert provided evidence of which of the following classical conditioning phenomena Response generalization
  11. A measurement is ____ if it yields the same, or similar, results each time that it is used Reliable
  1. A gene is said to be dominant when it produces its observable effects in both the heterozygous and the homozygous condition
  2. Which of the following is not one of the 4 factors that led to the rise of modern cognitive psychology Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species”
  3. A researcher has 2 groups of subjects, one that has been taught a memory aid and one that has not. Both groups are asked to learn a list of 20 nouns in 2 min. and both are then given a recall test. What is the independent variable whether or not the subjects have been taught the memory aid
  4. Which of these inherited conditions is caused by a dominant gene huntington’s disease
  5. Which ancient greek scholar is responsible for the notion of mind-body dualsim in which the mind communicates with the body, but the body cannot communicated with the mind Plato
  6. In certain experiments researchers are forced to create a way to measure the construct that they are interested in (schizo, maternal love etc). These creations are referred to as ___ definitions operational
  7. When the genetic influence on a given characteristic (physical or behavioral) comes from the combined effect of a number of genes (plus enviro factors), the characteristic is referred to as ___ polygeneic
  8. According to Galen, if you are a sanguine person you have an overabundance of what? Blood
  9. What measure of central tendency is obtained by using the most frequently occuring score of a distribution mode
  10. Galton used 2 methods that would become very important to the studes of heritability. These were adoptive and __ methods twin
  11. Which of the following ancient Greek scholars is responsible for the concept of hysteria? Aristotle
  1. Bonobos frequently and relatively indiscriminately with one another. Spotted and piper females lay three cluthes of eggs in rapid succession, each fertilized and cared for by a different male sandpiper. Bonobo mating arrangements are an example of ___ whereas spotted and piper mating arrangements are an example of

polygynandry; polyandry

  1. One of the measures of sensory ability that psychophysicists were interested in required experimental participants to report the smallest perceived difference between two sensory stimuli (2 tones, 2 lights). Psychophysicists referred to this measure as the ____ just noticable difference
  2. According to theologists, species-specific behaviors can be viewed as ____ patterns that can be activated by sign stimuli fixed action
  3. Measures of central tendency and variability are both considered ____ statistics descriptive
  4. Which of the following early movements in psychology is embodied by the phrase ‘the whole is greater than the sum of the parts’ gestalt psychology
  5. Which of the following reflexes is characterized by babies arching their backs and reaching up after hearing a loud noise moro reflex
  6. Which of the following would be partially determined by an individual’s environment the individuals’ phenotype
  7. Peter and rosemary grant have found that, in a species of finch that lies on an island in the Galapagos Archipelage, variation in body size is heritable. They observed that in years of drought, larger members of a species of finch tend to survive, and that in rainy years, ramller members tend to survive. Their work illustrates which of the following statements about the process of evolution? Environmental changes create varying selection conditions that act to favor different genes at different times
  8. A primary reinforcer is one that, in and of itself, produces reinforcement
  9. A persons genotype refers to the set of genese that the person has.
  1. Two scientists where instrumental in the formulation of our modern understanding of Darwin’s theory of natural selection. These 2 where lyell the geologist who was able to discover the age of the earth, and mendel, who discovered genetics-the means by which traits are transmitted from one generation to the next
  2. Tichner employed this method to determine the qualities that an individual sensory experience might possess. The method was later criticized by behaviorists as unscientific. Introspectrum
  3. Lamarck, a contemporary of Darwin, belived that a person’s acquired trains (like becoming muscular from working out) could be passed on to his/her offspring
  4. The t-test is a type of inferential statistic
  5. Some of a human baby’s reflexes are examples of vestigal behaviors
  6. Chimps are the best-known practitioners of this child-rearing strategy in which more than one male mates with more than one female. Polygynandry
  7. For a positive correlation, the strongest correlation coefficient possible is +1 and for a negative correlation, the strongest correlation coefficient is -
  8. In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment with dogs, the bell was the CS