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Material Type: Assignment; Professor: Maslanka; Class: Geometry for Architects; Subject: Mathematics; University: Illinois Institute of Technology; Term: Fall 2008;
Typology: Assignments
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Suppose we generate a regular 7-pointed star as follows: i) Locate the vertices of the regular 7-gon on a circle and label them consecutively clockwise (or counterclockwise) about the circle as: P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ,.... , P 7. ii) Begin at P 1 , skip over the next two vertices ( P 2 and P 3 ) to join it to P 4 with a straight line segment. Then from P 4 , skip over the next two successive vertices once again ( P 5 and P 6 i n this case), to join it to P 7 with a straight segment. Continuing in this way, P 7 is joined to P 3 , etc. So we connect: P 1 --> P 4 --> P 7 -->... --> P 1.
( a ) Find the measure of the interior angle at each vertex of the star formed in the manner described above. ( b ) What is the total sum of the angles turned by a person who walks around the path which generates this star? ( c ) Answer parts ( a ) and ( b ) for the case of the 7-pointed star generated by starting at a vertex, P 1 , and skipping over only one successive vertex at each stage. Thus, we join the vertices in the order: P 1 --> P 3 --> P 5 -->... --> P1. ( d ) How many distinct 9-pointed stars are constructible by starting with the vertices of a regular 9-gon and joining them by “skipping around” in methods similar to those described above for the 7-gon? Draw them.
Use the distance formula, D , along the surface of the Earth (see page 5 of the text: http://www.iit.edu/~maslanka/long&lat.pdf ) to find the surface distance between Chicago, IL (Latitude = 41.8795, Longitude = -87.6243) and each of the cities:
i) Cairo, Egypt: Latitude = 30.0571, Longitude = 31. ii) Bogotá, Columbia: Latitude = 4.6473, Longitude = -74. iii) Cape Town, South Africa: Latitude = -33.9160, Longitude = 18. iv) Beijing, China: Latitude = 39.9082, Longitude = 116. v) Sydney, Australia: Latitude = -33.8671, Longitude = 151.
Instructions In problems 1- 4 plot at least once cycle of each of the sine or cosine waves. Plot all of the curves for each problem on a single graph. Do not use a calculator but rather follow the method outlined in the text, section 14-2, on pages 383-386.
In each problem, you should obtain the graph of equations (b) and (c) from that of equation (a) by using a suitable horizontal or vertical shift in each instance. Be certain to: ( i ) Locate the coordinates of all the zeros ( i.e. the points of the form ( x , 0 ) ) on your plots. ( ii ) Locate the coordinates of all the extreme points (i.e. the points of the form ( x , a ) and ( x , – a ) where a = amplitude of the graph). (iii) Locate the coordinates of all points of the form: ( x , a / 2 ) and ( x , – a / 2 ) where a = amplitude of the graph.
In problems 5 – 8, plot at least two cycles of each periodic function. Plot both of the curves for each problem on a single graph. Use shifting (if relevant) to obtain the graph of equation ( b ) from that of equation ( a ).Be certain to: ( i ) Locate the coordinates of all the zeros on your plots. ( ii ) Locate all the vertical asymptotes for your plots.
6. ( a ) y = 2 sin( 3 x ) ( b ) y = 2 csc ( 3 x ) 7. ( a ) y == –cos ( x / 2 ) ( b ) y = = –sec ( x / 2 )
For each equation, 1 – 12, do the following:
(b) Graph the equation in polar coordinates in the xy -plane where x = r cos θ and y = r sin θ (c) Convert the equation for the polar graph from (b) to Cartesian coordinates.
π , 3
π < θ < 3
π
r = 8 + 6 cos θ, 0 < θ <2π
r = 7 + 7 cos θ, 0 < θ < 2π 5. r = 5 + 9 cos θ, 0 < θ < 2π 6. r = 3 + 11 cos θ, 0 < θ < 2π
r = 2 sin 2θ, 0 < θ < 2π 8. r = 3 sin 3θ, 0 < θ < π 9. r = 3 sin θ, 0 < θ < π
r = sinθ
3 , 0 < θ < π 11. r^2 = 9 sin 2θ, 0 < θ < 2
π
π < θ < 4
π
1. Find the equation of the parabola with vertex: V = ( 0 , 0 ) and passing thru the points: ( 2 , 3 ) and ( –2 , 3 ). 2. Find the equation of the parabola with focus F = ( 1 , 1 ) and the directrix D: x + y = 0 in two ways:
( b ) By rotating the parabola y 2 =2 2 x by 45 o^ about its axis and translating
its graph + 2
1 units horizontally and + 2
1 units vertically.
3. Find the equation of the tangent line to x 2 = –5 y at ( 5 , –5 ) by using only the techniques of analytic geometry. 4. Find the equation of the tangent line to y 2 = –16 x that is parallel to the line x + y = 1. 5. The towers of a suspension bridge are 500 feet apart and extend 100 feet above the road surface. The main cables between the towers reach within 10 feet of the road at the center of the bridge, and there are vertical supporting cables every 10 feet. Find the lengths of those supporting cables at 100 foot intervals.