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QASP EXAM Positive Behavior Support - CORRECT ANSWER -an approach used to support behavio, Exams of Nursing

QASP EXAM Positive Behavior Support - CORRECT ANSWER -an approach used to support behavior change. The method is not designed to "fix" the person & never uses punishment. Main idea: teaching someone a more effective/ acceptable bx will decrease problem bx. Who is a bx support plan for? - CORRECT ANSWER -indv who display challenging bx to the extent that it severely impacts their life. -can be developed and used at any age. PBS in a School Setting - CORRECT ANSWER -Proact, Safety Care, Be aware of antecedant strategies, ensure safety of kiddo and others around. What is a good bx support plan look like? - CORRECT ANSWER -- more proactive strategies than reactive ones - helps to ensure that the focus of the plan is on providing ways to support the person to have a good life, enabling the person to learn better and more effective ways of getting what they need. Proactive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER -Intended to make sure the person gets what they need &

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QASP EXAM
Positive Behavior Support - CORRECT ANSWER -an approach used to support behavior change. The
method is not designed to "fix" the person & never uses punishment. Main idea: teaching someone a
more effective/ acceptable bx will decrease problem bx.
Who is a bx support plan for? - CORRECT ANSWER -indv who display challenging bx to the extent that
it severely impacts their life.
-can be developed and used at any age.
PBS in a School Setting - CORRECT ANSWER -Proact, Safety Care, Be aware of antecedant strategies,
ensure safety of kiddo and others around.
What is a good bx support plan look like? - CORRECT ANSWER -- more proactive strategies than
reactive ones
- helps to ensure that the focus of the plan is on providing ways to support the person to have a good
life, enabling the person to learn better and more effective ways of getting what they need.
Proactive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER -Intended to make sure the person gets what they need &
includes ways to teach the person appropriate communication & life skills.
Reactive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER -Designed to keep the person & those around them safe
from harm. They provide a way to react quickly when person is distressed & more likely to display
challenging behavior.
PBS & DRA - CORRECT ANSWER -For new skills to be learned & used, they must be more effective
than the old skills.
Bx Support Plan - CORRECT ANSWER -Document created to help understand & manage bx in children
& adults w learning disabilities & who display challenging bx. Provides step by step guide to make
sure carers know when to intervene & maximize quality of life.
Good Bx Support plans contain: - CORRECT ANSWER -based on results of fx assessment, uses PBS
approaches, Contains a range of strategies that include ways to ensure the person has access to
effective reinforcers.
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QASP EXAM

Positive Behavior Support - CORRECT ANSWER - an approach used to support behavior change. The method is not designed to "fix" the person & never uses punishment. Main idea: teaching someone a more effective/ acceptable bx will decrease problem bx. Who is a bx support plan for? - CORRECT ANSWER - indv who display challenging bx to the extent that it severely impacts their life.

  • can be developed and used at any age. PBS in a School Setting - CORRECT ANSWER - Proact, Safety Care, Be aware of antecedant strategies, ensure safety of kiddo and others around. What is a good bx support plan look like? - CORRECT ANSWER -- more proactive strategies than reactive ones
  • helps to ensure that the focus of the plan is on providing ways to support the person to have a good life, enabling the person to learn better and more effective ways of getting what they need. Proactive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER - Intended to make sure the person gets what they need & includes ways to teach the person appropriate communication & life skills. Reactive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER - Designed to keep the person & those around them safe from harm. They provide a way to react quickly when person is distressed & more likely to display challenging behavior. PBS & DRA - CORRECT ANSWER - For new skills to be learned & used, they must be more effective than the old skills. Bx Support Plan - CORRECT ANSWER - Document created to help understand & manage bx in children & adults w learning disabilities & who display challenging bx. Provides step by step guide to make sure carers know when to intervene & maximize quality of life. Good Bx Support plans contain: - CORRECT ANSWER - based on results of fx assessment, uses PBS approaches, Contains a range of strategies that include ways to ensure the person has access to effective reinforcers.

Functions of Behaviors & Alternatives - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensory:teach them to ask for desired object/ activity, use preferred sensory items to create new activities, have sensory time & structured activity so stimming doesn't take over Escape:Teach them to say yes/ no, ask for break/ all done, introduce them to a less preferred activity gradually, change the way you ask them to do something Attention: Teach them to tap/ vocalize sign for desired item; give frequent positive social attn Tangibles:teach them to ask for object/ activity, Give what they asked for as soon as appropriate, teach them to get something themselves, Make sure they are not left too long w/o food/drink/ something meaningful to do. Green Amber Red Blue Proactive Strategies - CORRECT ANSWER - Green: supporting person to stay calm (environments, communication & body language, predictable routine.) Amber: Responding to early warning signs (take away trigger, ignoring bx when safe, humor, give in, redirecting/ distracting, ask what is wrong). Red: responding to challenging bx as quickly & safely as possible. (reduce escalation/ putting people at risk. Steps informed by Fx assessment. Physical interventions & meds should be last resort. [Appear calm, talk in calm/low voice, don't make prolonged EC, no demands, minimize talking, distraction & redirection]) Blue: After incident (give person more space, engage in activity, physical checks/ counseling for physical & emotional safety[make no demands, help person recover, move to different environment]) What is Discrete Trial Training? - CORRECT ANSWER - a Method of teaching in simplified & structured steps. A skill is broken down into steps & built up one step at a time. Each attempt is a "trial". 5 steps of DTT - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.Antecedent-sets up the response (SD, environment) 2.Prompt 3.Response

  1. Consequence for Correct Response/ Incorrect response
  1. ID the need for service delivery to be more responsive to ind needs. Who was Hans Asperger? - CORRECT ANSWER - 20th century, Austrian Pediatrician who published a profile in 1944 of four boys with a specific pattern of bx: "autisitic psychopathy". Characteristics of Aspergers (1944) - CORRECT ANSWER - "lack of empathy, little ability to form friendships, one-sided conversations, intense absorption in a special interest & clumsy movements." Why "little professors"? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to discussed preferred interest in great detail. The term "Asperger Syndrome" was coined by: - CORRECT ANSWER - Lorna Wing, a British Researcher in 1981 in her research to counter Kanner's findings on Autism. Asperger's work was: - CORRECT ANSWER - More positive and refuted the original definition of Autism found in Leo Kanner's research. May have been geared positively to help people w this disability avoid execution by Nazis. Not broadly known or translated from German until 80s. John Watson - CORRECT ANSWER - 1913, IDed observable bx as proper subject matter for psychology & that all bx is controlled by environmental events. Laid out Stimulus-Response psychology that led to behaviorism. BF Skinner - CORRECT ANSWER - Distinguished between Pavlov's respondent conditioning (conditioned reflexes) & operant conditioning (consequence of bx controls future occurrence of bx). Basic principles of Bx by Skinner (& others) - CORRECT ANSWER - Reinforcement
  • Prompting
  • Fading
  • Shaping
  • Schedules of Rx (Principles are the pure science, not the applied science.)
  • Principles used to describe how bx is lawful, observable, measurable & has an impact on the environment. Ivar Lovaas - CORRECT ANSWER - 1960s-worked on the ME book, laying out teaching of applied bx analysis. Laid out curriculum of programs, teaching sequence & how to teach them. (Early modality of ABA). Originally included aversives in practice, later took them out for ethical reasons/ criticisms. Revised to publish Teaching Individuals w Developmental Delays:Basic Intervention Techniques. Taught target 1st in isolation, then w distractors, then teaching another the same way & putting two into random rotation. Emphasized intensity, time table, EC, sitting still. Program has been widely adapted, so is not commonly practiced. /Verbal Behavior/ - CORRECT ANSWER - 1957 by BF Skinner. Described language in terms of functions; mainly mands, tacts, echoics & intraverbals. Worked on Applying Verbal Bx - CORRECT ANSWER - Jack Michael Vince Carbone Mark Sundberg James Partington DRO - CORRECT ANSWER - Reinforcement is contingent on absence of problem behavior. Example of DRO: Talking out in class for Attention - CORRECT ANSWER - Fixed schedule or random schedule of rx for not talking out in class. Same or not standing/ wandering/ etc. DRA - CORRECT ANSWER - Potential rx is presented contingent on occurrences of desired alternative to maladaptive bx. Maladaptive Bx is placed on extinction. Example of DRA: crying to escape - CORRECT ANSWER - Asking for a break. Crying doesn't result in a break.

Motivation in PRT - CORRECT ANSWER - Using tasks, objects, convo topics that are of interest to the child can increase his/her motivation to participate in their environment and learn new skills. 6 components of motivation in PRT - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Encourage shared control (child choices) & turn taking

  1. Gain & maximize child attn
  2. Ensure task Variation
  3. Intersperse Maintenance & acquisition tasks
  4. Use contingent & natural rx
  5. Vary rx magnitude & rx attempts Reinforcement in PRT - CORRECT ANSWER - Naturalistic & Contingent: Getting what they wanted by producing the desired bx. (asking for something and getting it.) Reinforce attempts, but not with same magnitude as successful trials. Self Initiated Interactions - CORRECT ANSWER - Asking, "what's that?" "Help!" "Look!" "Where is it?" "What's happening?" etc. Using Joint Attention- looking, pointing, labeling, commenting. Prompt Heirarchy for Fading - CORRECT ANSWER - FPP PPP VP MP GP PP ViP Natural Cue Inter-observer agreement - CORRECT ANSWER - Percentage of data agreement for an interval/ observation period. Measurements in frequency, duration, intervals

Total count IOA - CORRECT ANSWER - smaller count/larger count*100% Used for event recording Mean-Count-per-Interval IOA - CORRECT ANSWER - (Int 1 IOA +Int 2 IOA + ....+Int N IOA)/N intervals x 100% For Frequency counts Exact Count per Interval IOA - CORRECT ANSWER - % total intervals both observers recorded same count

intervals w 100% IOA/ n intervals x 100%

For frequency counts Partial Agreement w/in Intervals IOA - CORRECT ANSWER - Sum of all Interval IOA /#Intervals *100% same as "Mean count per interval" IOA For Frequency counts Interval by interval IOA - CORRECT ANSWER - # intervals w agreement/ Total # intervals x100% Interval counts Scored Interval IOA - CORRECT ANSWER - # int agreement occurred/ total # intervals where bx occurred (agree/disagree) x100% Interval counts