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PY 520 2025 Advanced Abnormal Psychology
Exam Practice Questions with Verifid Answer
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What is mood? A clients initial, subjective, verbal, self-report of their prevailing emotional state What is affect? The visible moment to moment emotional tone observed by the examiner. What is the difference between mood and affect? Affect is current tone and mood is overall day to day. Affect would be weather; mood would be climate for the season. What are thought process descriptors? blocking, circumstantiality, clang associations, flight of ideas, loose associations, neologisms, preservation, tangential speech, word salad.
Thought process for clients during an MSE are often: Disorganized, organized, or word salad. Is described using thought process descriptors. When do you use a Mental Status Exam? (5) 1 - Client psychopathology increases 2 - Questions about diagnosis or client psychopathology 3 - Concern of homicide and suicide 4 - Interviewing a client for the first time/ New client is entering the facility 5 - Status of client changes Is the Mental Status Exam appropriate for all clients? No. What is a paradigm? A model or perspective (in science) used to explain events. What is the purpose of a paradigm(model)?
What are the three unconscious forces coined by Freud? ID, EGO, SUPEREGO What is the ID guided by? The pleasure principle ; instinctual needs, drives, and impulses. Which unconscious force in the psychodynamic model is sexual and fueled by libido or sexual energy? ID What principle is the EGO guided by? The reality principle Seeks gratification but guides us to know when we can and cannot express our wishes EGO
Which unconscious force is a defense mechanism to protect us from anxiety in the psychodynamic model? EGO What principle is the SUPER EGO guided by? The morality principle Our Conscience - Adapted from our parents SUPER EGO What three parts of the personalty are said to often be in some degree of conflict? (psychodynamic model) ID, EGO, SUPER EGO According to the psychodynamic model, when does one have a healthy personality? When there is an effective working relationship among the ID, EGO, and SUPER EGO According to the psychodynamic model, when may a person's behavior show signs of dysfunction? When the Id, EGO, and SUPER EGO are in excessive conflict.
What is an MSE? Mental Status Exam- a method of organizing and evaluating clinical observation pertaining to mental status or mental condition How many generic domians are in the Mental Status Exam? (MSE) Nine What are the nine domians in the MSE? 1 - Appearance 2 - Behavior and Psycho motor Activity 3 - Attitude Towards interviewer 4 - Affect and Mood 5 - Speech and Thought 6 - Perceptual Differences 7 - Orientation and Consciousness 8 - Memory and Intelligence 9 - Reliability, Judgement, and Insight How do behaviorists explain abnormal functioning? Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning
Humans and animals learn to behave in certain ways as a result of receiving rewards or consequences whenever they do so Operant Conditioning What is learning by Temporal Association? Classical Conditioning When two events repeatedly occur close together in time, they become fused in a person's mind; before long, the person responds in the same way to both events Classical Conditioning What type of treatments may be used to change abnormal reactions to a particular stimuli? Classical Conditioning Treatments What explains many familiar behaviors, both normal and abnormal? Classical Conditioning Is systematic desensitization used in behavior therapies?
What is the goal of Beck's cognitive therapy? To help clients recognize and restructure their negative automatic thoughts How do therapists guide clients in Beck's Cognitive Therapy Model? To challenge their dysfunctional thoughts, try out new interpretations, and apply new ways of thinking in their everyday lives What type of therapy is widely used in treating depression? Beck's Cognitive Therapy; Cognitive Therapy Techniques The terms enmeshed families and disengaged family dynamics comes from which theory? Family- Social Theory on Abnormal Functioning Abnormal functioning within a family leads to abnormal behavior Family Social Theory on Abnormal Functioning
Enmeshed Families A structure in which the members are grossly over involved in one and another's activities, thoughts, and feelings. Disengaged Structures Structure marked by rigid boundaries between members What is the concept of the biopsychosocial perspective and integrated approaches? Taking strengths from each model and using them in combination in explanation of abnormal behavior Favored by a growing number of clinicians in explaining abnormal behavior by more than one cause Biopsychosocial Perspective; Biopsychosocial Theories Fear A state of immediate alarm in response to a serious, known threat to one's well being. An emotional reaction to an actual threat
F. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder. What are the six symptoms listed under section C. in the diagnostic criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
- Restlessness or feeling on edge
- Being easily fatigued
- Difficulty Concentrating or mind going blank
- Irritability
- Muscle Tension
- Sleep Disturbance What are the diagnostic criteria for Agoraphobia, according to the DSM 5? (A-I) A. Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following five situations B. The individual fears or avoids these situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms. C. The agoraphobic situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety. D. The agoraphobic situations are actively avoided, require the presence of a companion, or are endured with intense fear or anxiety. E. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the agoraphobic situations and to the sociocultural context. F. The fear, anxiety, and avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more. G. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
H. If another medical condition is present, the fear, anxiety, or avoidance is clearly excessive. I. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder. What are the five situations listed under section A in the diagnostic criteria for Agoraphobia?
- Using public transportation 2.Being in open spaces (parking lots, marketplaces, bridges).
- Being in closed spaces (shops, malls, theaters).
- Standing in line or being in a crowd
- Being outside of home alone Is a panic attack a mental disorder? No. They can occur in the context of a mental disorder. What are (13) symptoms that may be presented when identifying a panic attack?
- Heart Palpitations, pounding heart, accelerated heart race.
- Sweating
- Trembling or shaking
- Sensations of shortness of breathe or smothering.
- Feelings of choking
What do many individuals with an anxiety disorder also experience? Depression True or False: There is a comorbity of anxiety disorders and other mental disorders. True What is the Humanistic Perspective on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)? Generalized Anxiety Disorder arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly; denial of true thoughts, emotions and behaviors make those anxious. Who coined "unconditional positive regard" and "conditions of worth"? Carl Rodgers Conditions of Worth and Unconditional Positive Regard are in which perspective? The Humanistic Perspective Conditions of worth
Harsh self standards; people feel they need to be met in order to earn an individuals positive regard Lack of "unconditional positive regard" in childhood is said to lead to Conditions of Worth An approach where practitioners show unconditional positive regard for their clients and try to emphasize with them Client Centered Approach - The Humanistic Perspective Unconditional Positive Regard Basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does Traumatic Event An event where a person is exposed to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation. Triggers of Trauma Related Disorders- Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Dissociative Disorders
- Stress
State Anxiety What is the diagnostic criteria for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), according to the DSM 5? ( A-E). A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation in one or more of the following ways.. B. Presence of nine or more of the following symptoms from any of the five categories of intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal, beginning or worsening after traumatic events occurred.. C. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in B) is three days to one month after exposure. D. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning E. The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition and is not better explained by a psychotic disorder. What are the five categories listed in Diagnostic Criteria B for Acute Stress Disorder that may have the presence of any nine symptoms, beginning or worsening after the traumatic event occurred?
- Intrusion
- Negative Mood
- Dissociation
- Avoidance
- Arousal
What are the four scenarios provided under Section A for both the Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
- Directly experiencing the traumatic events.
- Witnessing in person, the events as it occurred to others.
- Learning that the events occurred to a close family member or close friend
- Experiencing related or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic events (EX- first responders collecting remains). What are the 14 symptoms listed under the Diagnostic Criteria for Section B in Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)?
- Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event. 2.Recurrecnt distressing dreams which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the event. 3.Dissociative reactions (flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic events were reoccurring.
- Intense or prolonged psychological distress or marked physiological reactions in response to internal or external cues that symbolize to resemble the traumatic events.
- Persistent ability to experience positive emotions
- An altered sense of the reality of one's surroundings or oneself from another perspective.
- Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event.
- Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, of feelings closely associated with traumatic events.
- Efforts to avoid external reminders that arouse distressing memories thoughts or feelings about or closely related to the traumatic event.
