Download PY 520 2025 Advanced Abnormal Psychology Exam 1 Chapters 1-4 Questions and Well Answered and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
PY 520 2025 Advanced Abnormal Psychology
Exam 1 Chapters 1-4 Questions and Well
Answered (Score A)
Technology impacts the development and maintenance of psychological disturbance; has implications for treatment the current need for CONSTANT stimulation and really no patience also therapist loses some control because of it Leading Theories in abnormal treatment Numerous theoretical perspectives to treatment ◦Old days- psychoanalytic (past focused, Freud) ◦Current- cognitive- behavioral (present day and future focused, research driven, end date in mind!!!) Professions ◦Psychiatrist
◦Clinical psychologist ◦Psychiatric nurse practitioners ◦Counselors ◦Social workers ◦Marriage and family therapists clinical researchers AKA clinical scientists- try to discover universal laws or principles of abnormal psychological functioning Nomothetic principles general understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormality relating to the study or discovery of general scientific laws. scientific method variables hypotheses the principles of doing research and understanding science!
the correlational method a research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other •Correlation- the degree to which events or characteristics vary with each other •Correlational method- research procedure used to determine this co-relationship between variables •The line of best fit- data points falling roughly along a straight line that slopes either upward or downward •Problems is that we can't necessarily explain the relationship the experimental method •Experiment- a research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulation's effect on another variable is observed •Independent variable •Dependent variable •Confounds •Control group •Experimental group •Random assignment •Blind design
quasi-experimental design alternate experimental method, fails to include key elements of a "pure" experiment and or intermixes elements of both experimental and correlational studies investigators do not randomly assign participants to control and experimental groups but instead make use of groups that already exists in the world also called a mixed design variations of quasi-experimental designs include matched design, natural, analogue, single-subject, longitudinal, and epidemiological studies Natural experiments alternate experimental method nature itself manipulates the independent variable and the experimenter observes the effects Analogue experiments alternate experimental method
Clinical assessment- used to determine whether, how, and why a person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped Enables clinicians to evaluate people's progress after they have been in treatment for a while and decide whether the treatment should be changed Depends on the orientation Clinical interviews, tests, observations Personality assessment enables them to piece together a clinical picture in accordance with the principles of their model clinical assesment to produce a functional analysis of the person's behavior-- an analysis of how the behaviors are learned and reinforced standardization in assesment same procedures!
reliability in assessment Reliable results, consistent scores the consistency of assessment measures validity in assessment accurately measure what it is supposed to measure Face validity Concurrent validity Predictive validity face validity the extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring looks good from the outside! concurrent validity the extent to which two measures of the same trait or ability agree
Rorschach test (ink blots) Thematic apperception test Sentence-completion test Drawings Neuropsychological tests measures cognitive, perceptual, or motor performances on certain tasks- underlying brain problems diagnosis A determination that a person's psychological problems constitute a particular disorder syndrome a cluster of symptoms that follow a particular course, clinicians agree that those symptoms make up a particular mental disorder classification system a list of such categories, disorders, with descriptions of the symptoms and guidelines for assigning individuals to the categories
DSM- 5
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. culturally-bound, what modern day therapists use to diagnose, makes diagnosis as specific as possible even though not everyone fits perfectly into it! pros and cons? harm? generalized anxiety disorder free floating anxiety, experience excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything symptoms last for at least 6 months, typically high functioning, common in western societies, more women than men (2:1), occur at anytime but most typical in childhood and adolescence onset Perspectives on GAD
- psychodynamic
- humanistic
- cognitive
phobias persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation, becomes fearful to even think about it specific phobia vs. agoraphobia specific phobia fear of objects or specific situations or events agoraphobia broader, a fear of venturing into public places or situations where escape might be difficult if one were to become panicky or incapacitated a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed perspectives on phobias exposure!!!
psychological abnormality (4 D's) focuses on behavior 4 D's to characterize abnormality:
- Deviance (different, extreme, bizarre)
- Distress (unpleasant and upsetting)
- dysfunction (interfering with functioning)
- danger (has potential to/does produce harm to self and others) treatment a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior what defines treatment: special systematic procedures designed for helping people overcome their psychological difficulty by a trained professional (not a support group!) members of the treatment process
- sufferer
- healer
- series of contracts Changes in abnormality (percentage of adults and children who have abnormalities)
severe mental illness psychotropic medications (drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction) Deinstitutionalization (acute psychiatric inpatient hospitalizations) Partial hospitalization Community mental health mild-moderate mental illness ◦Outpatient care = the preferred level of care ◦Private psychotherapy (what Jenna does, the issue of insurance vs. no insurance) ◦Intensive outpatient (IOP, 3 days a week, less than partial hospitalization) ◦Behavioral health benefits (since Obama, all insurances have to cover mental health) Factors that impact the mental health system
- prevention
- positive psych
- multicultural psych
- insurance coverage
- technology prevention the notion of intervening BEFORE psychological disorders by correcting the social conditions that underlie psychological problems and to help individuals who are at risk to develop emotional problems positive psychology (Seligman)- the study of the enhancement of positive feelings such as optimism and happiness and positive traits like hard work and wisdom multicultural psychology the field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior understanding how diversity (i.e., race, religion, gender, ages)affect behavior and cognition
Cognitive- hold a group of social beliefs and expectations that consistently work against them Because of these beliefs, they keep anticipating that social disasters will occur, and thus repeatedly perform avoidance and safety behaviors to help prevent or reduce such disasters Convinced that their social flaws are the cause of the anxiety, certain that they do not have the social skills to deal with the situation, and concerned that they cannot contain their negative arousal, they become filled with anxiety, after event repeatedly review the details of event and overestimate how poorly things went and what negative results may take place Treatment: Antidepressants, exposure, group therapy, cognitive therapy, social skills training panic attacks periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass Physiological symptoms and concern about either death, going crazy, or losing control Panic disorder panic attacks repeatedly and unexpectedly without apparent reason; experience dysfunctional changes in their thinking and behavior as a result of the attacks
Biological treatment - norepinephrine abnormality; amygdala stimulation Cognitive treatment - misinterpreting bodily sensations = misinterpret them as signs of a medical catastrophe; anxiety sensitivity modeling a process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitation others the act of learning behavior through observation
