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Psychotherapy Part 1-Abnormal Psycology-Lecture Handout, Exercises of Abnormal Psychology

This course points out abnormal behavior reasons and its forms. Mostly it talks about amnestic disorder, mood disorder, developmental disorder, genetics, personality disorder, problems in childhood, psychological model, stress, substance disorder. This lecture includes: Psychotherapy, Sufferer, Global, Therapies, Behavioral, Cognitive, Biological, Individual, Couple, Electroconvulsive

Typology: Exercises

2011/2012

Uploaded on 08/08/2012

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Abnormal Psychology – PSY404 VU
©Copyright Virtual University of Pakistan
85
LESSON 20
PSYCHOTHERAPY I
Psychotherapy refers to special and systematic process for helping people to overcome their psychological
difficulties.
Example: Some psychological difficulties include anxiety, fear and phobia. All forms of Psychotherapy
have three things in common:
1- Sufferer who seeks help whom we call patient or client
2- A healer who is the therapist and
3- A series of contacts between the client and therapist (number of sessions between the client and
the therapist)
A system of therapy is a set of principles and techniques employed in accordance with a particular theory of
change. As many as 400 distinct forms of therapy are being practiced today. Two broad categories are
1. Global Therapies
Global therapies help people recognize and change general features of their personalities that the therapist
believe are the root cause of their problem. They are
Psychodynamic or psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Existential
Client centered therapy
Gestalt
2. Problem Focused Therapies
Problem focused therapies focus on the symptoms and specific complaints of the person. They include
Behavioral therapies
Cognitive therapies
Biological therapies
Therapy format is
Individual therapy
group therapy
family therapy
Couple therapy
Individual therapy is in which the therapist sees the alone for some period of time usually weekly.
Group therapy is in which the therapist sees the group of clients such as psychodrama and self help
groups.
Family therapy is a format in which the therapists meet with all members of family and point out
problematic behavior and interactions and work on whole family to change.
In couple therapy the therapist works with two people who share a long term relationship.
Whether the psychotherapy is beneficial or not
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LESSON 20

PSYCHOTHERAPY I

Psychotherapy refers to special and systematic process for helping people to overcome their psychological difficulties.

Example : Some psychological difficulties include anxiety, fear and phobia. All forms of Psychotherapy have three things in common:

1- Sufferer who seeks help whom we call patient or client 2- A healer who is the therapist and 3- A series of contacts between the client and therapist (number of sessions between the client and the therapist)

A system of therapy is a set of principles and techniques employed in accordance with a particular theory of change. As many as 400 distinct forms of therapy are being practiced today. Two broad categories are

1. Global Therapies Global therapies help people recognize and change general features of their personalities that the therapist believe are the root cause of their problem. They are - Psychodynamic or psychoanalytic - Humanistic - Existential - Client centered therapy - Gestalt 2. Problem Focused Therapies Problem focused therapies focus on the symptoms and specific complaints of the person. They include - Behavioral therapies - Cognitive therapies - Biological therapies

Therapy format is

  • Individual therapy
  • group therapy
  • family therapy
  • Couple therapy

Individual therapy is in which the therapist sees the alone for some period of time usually weekly.

Group therapy is in which the therapist sees the group of clients such as psychodrama and self help groups.

Family therapy is a format in which the therapists meet with all members of family and point out problematic behavior and interactions and work on whole family to change.

In couple therapy the therapist works with two people who share a long term relationship.

Whether the psychotherapy is beneficial or not

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The critical question to be asked is about all these psychotherapies treatments is whether or not they actually help people to cope with and overcome their psychological problems. What do you say? What do you think?

Four general conclusions have been reached

1- People in therapy are better off than people with similar problems who receive no treatment. 2- Various therapies do appear to differ in their effectiveness. 3- Certain therapies appear to be effective than others for certain disorders 4- A combination of therapy approaches is more effective than a single approach in treatment of certain disorders.

Important Concerns of Psychotherapy

  • Psychotherapy is the use of psychological techniques and the therapist–client relationship to produce emotional, cognitive, and behavioral change.
  • Today, the largest group of mental health professionals describe themselves as eclectic, meaning they use different treatments for different disorders.
  • Psychotherapy outcome research examines whether and when treatments are effective, while psychotherapy process research searches for the “active ingredients” in psychotherapy, that is, the therapeutic activities that promote positive change.
  • Research shows that therapy is more effective when therapists appropriately reveal a bit about their own, similar struggles.
  • Unfortunately, some therapists do not offer or even educate their clients about more and less effective treatments, and there is an even bigger problem: Most people who need it do not get any psychological help.
  • Eighty-seven percent of people with a diagnosable mental disorder have not received treatment in the past year, including many people with common, severe, and treatable disturbances.
  • Therapists working within the biological, psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, and humanistic paradigms would approach treatment and evaluate a mentally ill person in very different ways.

Brief Historical Perspective

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  • In recent years, scientists have developed new medications that have increasingly specific effects on emotional states and mental disorders.
  • There is a variety of psychotropic medications, chemical substances that affect psychological state.
  • The success of psychopharmacology is evident in the expanding development and use of psychotropic medications.
  • Evidence indicates that medication often is an effective and safe treatment for many mental disorders.
  • Although psychotropic medications do not cure underlying causes, symptom alleviation is extremely important.
  • All medications have side effects, some of which are very unpleasant.
  • Partly as a result of unpleasant side effects, many patients do not take their medication as prescribed, and they may experience a relapse as a result.
  • Many psychotropic drugs must be taken for long periods of time.
  • Despite the effectiveness of many psychotropic medications, we share some concerns that we sometimes look to medication to solve problems that may have psychological or social roots.

4- Hypnosis

  • An early influence on the psychodynamic approach to therapy was Joseph Breuer, who used hypnosis to induce troubled patients to talk freely about problems in their lives.
  • Upon awakening from a hypnotic trance, many patients reported relief from their symptoms.
  • Breuer attributed their improvement to catharsis , the release of previously unexpressed feelings, pent up emotion that Breuer assumed was responsible for his patients’ psychological problems. ( covered in lecture 21)

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