Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology - Mind Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Psychology

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Psychophysiological Disorders

and Health Psychology

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Psychophysiological Disorders

• Psychophysiological Disorders involve genuine

physical disorders

• Physical symptoms can be caused by or worsened by emotional distress
• The category recognizes that a broad range of diseases involving the circulatory, respiratory, digestive and central nervous systems can be influenced by stress

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 Historical Developments

• Psychosomatic Medicine
• Behavioral Medicine

 Apply Behavioral Science to the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Medical Problems

 Interdisciplinary

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 Historical Developments

• Psychosomatic Medicine
• Behavioral Medicine
• Health Psychology

 Study Psychological Factors Important for the Promotion and Maintenance of Heath

 Not Interdisciplinary

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How Do Psychological and Social

Factors Influence Medical Illness?

Figure 9.2 Psychosocial factors directly affect physical health

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Definitions of Stress

• Stress is:
  • An environmental condition that may trigger psychopathology
  • A response to environmental conditions that leads to emotional upset, deteriorating performance or physiological changes
• Stressors are stimuli
• Cognitive view of stress places emphasis on the interpretation of external stimuli - Coping refers to how people deal with stress

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Measuring Stress: Social Readjustment

Rating Scale

• The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
  • Rates the stressfulness of various life events.
  • Initial scale development
    • Research participants asked to rate various life experiences for stress impact (marriage = 500)
    • Final version of scale rank orders life events and assigns proportional score to each event.
  • Total score on the scale is correlated with diseases such as heart attack and leukemia

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Measuring Stress: Assessment of Daily

Experience Scale

• Assessment of Daily

Experience (ADE, Stone & Neale, 1982)

• Respondents record and rate their life experiences during each day
• Research shows that adverse life events increase prior to an illness

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 What Influences the Stress Response?

• A Sense of Control
• Coping Skills
• Self-Efficacy
• Health and Wellness Behaviors
• Social Support
• Immune System Functioning

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Social Support and Stress

• Karmarck et al. (1995) studied effect of social support on BP in a laboratory experiment.
• Stress led to increases in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure but BP increases were greatest when the research participant was alone.
• The stress had less of an impact on BP when participant was accompanied by a friend.

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Stress and the Immune System

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Psychological Theories of the Stress-

Illness Link

• Psychoanalytic view holds that specific

conflicts give rise to psychophysiological

disorders

• Cognitive-Behavioral view proposes that

humans have higher cognitive functions which

can amplify and extend the duration of arousal

of our bodies

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Stress and BP

• Stressful conditions produce a short-term increase in blood pressure - These increases return to baseline when the stressor is withdrawn
• Studies of blood pressure done on ambulatory subjects reveal that anger is most strongly linked to elevated bp - The changes were large in a subset of subjects - Reactivity refers to increased bp and heart rate in response to stress

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Coronary Heart Disease

• Coronary Heart Disease refers to
  • Angina pectoris: periodic chest pains
    • Reduced oxygen supply to heart
  • Myocardial infarction: heart attack
    • Brought on by a cutoff of oxygen to the heart muscle
    • Risk factors for MI include age, gender (males), elevated blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, excessive use of alcohol and diabetes

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