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PSYCHOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS TEST BANK 2025 UPDATED
GRADED A+
How does the text define psychology? a. As the science of behavior b. As the study of the mind c. As the study of behavior, cognition, and emotion d. As the study of the psyche e. As the study of the brain - Solution a. As the science of behavior What is the ultimate goal of psychology? a. To discover how the brain controls behavior b. To explore the human psyche c. To solve the problems of humankind d. To understand human behavior e. To control behavior - Solution d. To understand human behavior What does the first step in explaining behavior involve? a. Discovering it b. Describing it c. Discussing it d. Demonstrating it e. Debating it - Solution b. Describing it If you were a psychologist who wanted to explain the phenomenon of road rage, what would be your first step? a. Discovering it b. Debating it c. Discussing it d. Demonstrating it
e. Describing it - Solution e. Describing it What do psychologists call the events responsible for the occurrence of a behavior? a. Consequent events b. Subsequent events c. Causal events d. Confounding events e. Cognitive events - Solution c. Causal events According to the textbook, why might different psychologists study the same behavior in different ways? a. More contemporary approaches are considered superior to older methods. b. They may simply be interested in different levels of explanation. c. Biological methods are considered generally more fundamental than all other methods. d. Biological methods are considered generally superior to most other methods. e. This is an untrue assumption; psychologists wouldn't be able to agree on anything if they studied the same behavior in different ways. - Solution b. They may simply be interested in different levels of explanation. Which area of psychology is most likely to involve studying how the nervous system and the endocrine system affect behavior? a. Comparative psychology b. Physiological psychology c. Psychophysiology d. Behavior analysis e. Social psychology - Solution b. Physiological psychology Dr. Thraill's research has focused on addiction and how drugs affect the
c. Counseling psychology d. Comparative psychology e. Developmental psychology - Solution d. Comparative psychology Dr. Shapiro has developed a strain of rats that is especially susceptible to the effects of certain drugs. These rats become addicted more easily than other strains. Which area of research does Dr. Shapiro's work best represent? a. Behavior analysis b. Behavior genetics c. Cognitive psychology d. Cognitive neuroscience e. Developmental psychology - Solution b. Behavior genetics What does cognitive psychology emphasize? a. Behavior b. Human interaction c. Mental processes and complex behavior d. Individual differences in thought and behavior e. Brain structures and behavior - Solution c. Mental processes and complex behavior Which area of psychological research emphasizes explaining behavior in terms of mental processes such as attention, perception, and thinking? a. Behavior analysis b. Comparative psychology c. Physiological psychology d. Cognitive psychology e. Cognitive neuroscience - Solution d. Cognitive psychology Dr. Fleming is a psychologist who develops tests used to assess behavioral and cognitive
problems caused by abnormal brain processes. Which area of research does Dr. Fleming's work best represent? a. cognitive neuroscience. b. behavior analysis. c. physiological psychology. d. behavior genetics. e. comparative psychology. - Solution a. cognitive neuroscience. Which area of psychology involves the study of cognitive, physiological, and social changes that occur as people grow older? a. Social psychology b. Developmental psychology c. Personality psychology d. Clinical psychology e. Physiological psychology - Solution b. Developmental psychology Dr. Burkhart is a psychologist whose primary interest involves attitude formation and change. Which area of research does Dr. Burkhart's work best represent? a. Cognitive psychology b. Developmental psychology c. Social psychology d. Personality psychology e. Clinical psychology - Solution c. Social psychology Which area of psychological research is most closely associated with the study of individual differences in temperament and patterns of behavior? a. Cross-cultural psychology b. Social psychology
d. Comparative psychology e. Evolutionary psychology - Solution a. Clinical psychology Dr. El Sheikh is a psychologist who specializes in identifying and treating behavioral problems that are caused by nervous system disorders or injury. Which type of psychologist does Dr. El Sheikh best represent? a. Cognitive neuroscientist b. Community psychologist c. Clinical neuropsychologist d. Health psychologist e. Community parapsychologist - Solution c. Clinical neuropsychologist In solving problems, community psychologists focus on __________ whereas clinical psychologists focus on __________. a. changing people's attitudes; the welfare of the individual in the social system b. the welfare of the individual; the welfare of the organization c. the welfare of individuals in the social system; changing the individual d. the impact of the environment on the individual; the welfare of the organization e. the welfare of the social system; changing the environment - Solution c. the welfare of individuals in the social system; changing the individual Dr. Chapwick is a psychologist whose primary interest is to promote healthy behavior and lifestyles in order to prevent illness. Which type of psychologist does Dr. Chapwick best represent? a. Health psychologist b. School psychologist c. Consumer psychologist
d. Clinical psychologist e. Community psychologist - Solution a. Health psychologist Dr. Tucker works with young people in dealing with behavior problems that they have at school. Which type of psychologist does Dr. Tucker best represent? a. Cognitive psychologist b. School psychologist c. Clinical psychologist d. Developmental psychologist e. Community psychologist - Solution b. School psychologist Which type of psychologist would you expect to find, in a supermarket or mall, studying patterns of shopping behavior? a. Consumer psychologist b. Clinical psychologist c. Human factors psychologist d. Organizational psychologist e. Community psychologist - Solution a. Consumer psychologist Which type of psychologist works within existing social systems for changes that will positively affect the members of those systems? a. Consumer psychologist b. Health psychologist c. Organizational psychologist d. Community psychologist e. Human factors psychologist - Solution d. Community psychologist Dr. Johnston is a psychologist who consults with different companies to improve the working conditions of their employees. Which type of psychologist does Dr. Johnston best
e. Forensic psychologist - Solution c. Engineering psychologist Which psychologists specialize in the application of psychological knowledge to legal issues? a. Consumer psychologists b. Community psychologists c. Clinical psychologists d. Organizational psychologists e. Forensic psychologists - Solution e. Forensic psychologists Chris argues that all living things possess spirits that control them. For instance, he believes that trees and other plants grow upward because the spirits within them wish to be closer to the warmth of the sun. Chris is a proponent of a. animism. b. materialism. c. empiricism. d. dualism. e. structuralism. - Solution a. animism. As a science, psychology makes the assumption that behavior is subject to a. will. b. physical laws. c. reflexes. d. animism. e. dualism. - Solution b. physical laws. Psychology depends on the scientific method in order to be a. rational. b. subjective. c. objective.
d. dualistic. e. responsible. - Solution c. objective. According to Descartes, to understand the world, one must use observation and reason in order to a. understand how it is constructed. b. reconcile human experience with God's revelations. c. discover its spiritual nature. d. identify the levels of the world's reality. e. explore the unconscious processes that are part of the world. - Solution a. understand how it is constructed. In Descartes's view, animals were nothing more than a. creations of God to be used to satisfy humankind's needs and pleasures. b. creatures controlled by animism. c. mechanical devices. d. dualistic entities that serve few, if any, useful functions. e. spirits. - Solution c. mechanical devices. In Descartes's view the critical distinction between people and the rest of the natural world was that humans possess a. emotions. b. reflexes. c. a knowledge of God. d. a mind. e. an unconscious. - Solution d. a mind. The idea that all reality can be divided into either mind or matter is called a. realism. b. dualism.
a. subsystem Descartes believed the human body functioned according to similar principles. The statues are a __________ of human body function. b. network c. model d. exemplar e. microsystem - Solution c. model Based on his observations of moving statues, Descartes formulated a(n) __________ model a. chemical of reflexes. b. psychological c. electrical d. mechanical e. magnetic - Solution d. mechanical Marni believes that she can discover truth by using reason and logical thinking. Like Descartes, she advocates a. dualism. b. materialism. c. rationalism. d. empiricism. e. animism. - Solution c. rationalism. Descartes is to __________ as Locke is to __________. a. empiricism; rationalism b. animism; empiricism c. rationalism; dualism
d. dualism; animism e. rationalism; empiricism - Solution e. rationalism; empiricism The philosopher who rejected the notion that ideas were innate in the human mind was a. Descartes. b. Locke. c. Berkeley. d. Mill. e. James. - Solution b. Locke. Who argued that the mind is like a "cleaned slate" at birth and subsequently is written upon by experience? a. Mill b. Descartes c. Berkeley d. Locke e. James - Solution d. Locke Who argued that knowledge of events in the world also requires assumptions based on past experiences? a. Descartes b. Berkeley c. Locke d. Mill e. James - Solution b. Berkeley Locke is to __________ as Mill is to __________. a. animism; empiricism b. materialism; empiricism c. rationalism; materialism
c. Helmholtz. d. Flourens. e. Descartes. - Solution b. Müller. Who disproved Descartes' hydraulic model of muscle contraction by showing that they contracted in response to electrical stimulation? a. Galvani b. Müller c. Helmholtz d. Flourens e. Mill - Solution a. Galvani One important implication of the doctrine of specific nerve energies was that a. all nerves ultimately lead to the brain. b. the mind is made of nerves. c. different parts of the brain may have different functions. d. electrical stimulation of the brain could produce lasting damage. e. nerves communicate unidirectionally from the brain to different parts of the body. - Solution c. different parts of the brain may have different functions. Who pioneered the method of experimental ablation? a. Fritsch and Hitzig b. Flourens c. Broca d. Helmholtz e. Müller - Solution b. Flourens Flourens provided experimental support for the doctrine of specific nerve energies by showing that the removal of different parts of the nervous system produced
a. only temporary effects. b. a general impairment rather than specific impairments. c. few, if any, noticeable effects. d. the same effects. e. different effects. - Solution e. different effects. Broca's research suggested that damage to the __________ causes deficits in __________. a. front part of the brain; tasting b. rear of the brain; seeing c. right side of the brain; hearing d. left side of the brain; speaking e. right side of the brain; speaking - Solution d. left side of the brain; speaking The physiologists who introduced the use of electrical stimulation to map the functions of different parts of the brain were a. Fritsch and Hitzig. b. Flourens and Broca. c. Helmholtz and Weber. d. Fritsch and Helmholtz. e. Broca and Weber. - Solution a. Fritsch and Hitzig. Through the postmortem study of the brains of people who have experienced brain injury or damage, it is possible to correlate specific behaviors with specific regions of the brain. Psychologists and physiologists who study the relationship of behavior and brain function in this way are building upon the earlier work of a. Helmholtz. b. Flourens.
c. Flourens. d. Weber. e. Müller. - Solution d. Weber. Through their research on human responses to physical stimuli, Helmholtz and Weber contributed to the new field of a. experimental ablation. b. perception. c. neurophysics. d. physiopsychology. e. psychophysics. - Solution e. psychophysics. Psychology as a science began in __________ in the __________. a. Germany; late nineteenth century b. France; middle nineteenth century c. England; early twentieth century d. the United States; early nineteenth century e. Canada; late nineteenth century - Solution a. Germany; late nineteenth century What was Wundt's approach to investigating psychological phenomena labeled by one of his students? a. Structuralism b. Functionalism c. Gestalt psychology d. Psychophysics e. Structural-functionalism - Solution a. Structuralism Which approach to psychology relies on the perspective that the mind consists of the elements of consciousness, such as ideas and sensations?
a. Functionalism b. Gestalt psychology c. Humanistic psychology d. Structuralism e. Behaviorism - Solution d. Structuralism As Dr. Robbins presents stimuli to the participants in her study, she asks them to describe the elements of their perceptual responses. What is Dr. Robbins asking her participants to do? a. Conduct rational analysis b. Infer c. Report their unconscious observation d. Introspect e. Reflect - Solution d. Introspect Among Wundt's lasting contributions to psychology is a. the introduction of the functionalist perspective. b. the use of introspection to study the elements of complex perceptions. c. the establishment of psychology as a separate experimental science, independent of philosophy. d. the theory of psychic evolution. e. the introduction of the structuralist perspective. - Solution c. the establishment of psychology as a separate experimental science, independent of philosophy. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution had its greatest impact on which of the early schools of psychology? a. structuralism b. functionalism c. behaviorism
