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Psychology of Personality - Possibility Essays Questions | PSY 353, Study notes of Personality Psychology

Material Type: Notes; Professor: Hazard; Class: Psychology of Personality; Subject: Psychology; University: Bryant University; Term: Fall 2009;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 10/28/2009

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Possible Essay Questions
Questions Personality Theories Deals with Systematically
1. Structure
a. Stable aspects, building blocks of personality
2. Process
a. Dynamic parts, things that change like motives, motivation that accounts for behavior
3. Growth in Development
a. How we develop as individuals our uniqueness
4. Psychopathology
a. Disorder in personality functioning
5. Change
a. Resist or unable to change? Why?
-Difference between people’s personality
-Do people have a choice with coping mechanisms
-Ex. Quit smoking –motivation, boyfriends wants her to quit – external motivator
Issues in Personality Theory
1. Philosophical view of the person
a. Are we rational creatures?
b. Are we more like animals and controlled by drives be irrational?
c. Are we like machines that we automatically respond to outsides stimuli?
d. Are we like computers we take into, process it, and spit it out again?
2. Internal v. external determinants
a. Internal – Freud – internal drives and wishes
b. External – Skinner - world acts upon us
c. Ex. Teacher, counselor – helping professions
d. Freud – narcissism – self love, healing themselves, feeds the ego
e. Mishcel – social learning theory, ppl work on environment, environment works on ppl
3. Person v. Situation
a. Personality traits aren’t stable, we change as we go through stages in our lives
b. Sensory adaptation – senses used to experience
c. Ex. Bill Gates (luck and outliers)
d. 10,000 work, study, practice hours
e. Personality traits are not necessarily stable and enduring as environment changes ppl
change
4. Unity of Behavior v. Concept of Self
a. Pattern and organization of behavior
b. Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and ideas should be congruent and function together
(healthy personality)
c. Concept of self – I am ______
d. Self-talk
e. How we feel about ourselves influences our behavior
5. Varying States of Awareness and the Unconscious
a. Roles of states of consciousness – drugs, sleep, memory, meditation
b. Sleep deprivation – causes crankiness
6. Cognition Affect and Overt Behavior
a. Cognition – thoughts and thoughts process
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Possible Essay Questions Questions Personality Theories Deals with Systematically

  1. Structure a. Stable aspects, building blocks of personality
  2. Process a. Dynamic parts, things that change like motives, motivation that accounts for behavior
  3. Growth in Development a. How we develop as individuals our uniqueness
  4. Psychopathology a. Disorder in personality functioning
  5. Change a. Resist or unable to change? Why? - Difference between people’s personality - Do people have a choice with coping mechanisms - Ex. Quit smoking –motivation, boyfriends wants her to quit – external motivator Issues in Personality Theory
  6. Philosophical view of the person a. Are we rational creatures? b. Are we more like animals and controlled by drives be irrational? c. Are we like machines that we automatically respond to outsides stimuli? d. Are we like computers we take into, process it, and spit it out again?
  7. Internal v. external determinants a. Internal – Freud – internal drives and wishes b. External – Skinner - world acts upon us c. Ex. Teacher, counselor – helping professions d. Freud – narcissism – self love, healing themselves, feeds the ego e. Mishcel – social learning theory, ppl work on environment, environment works on ppl
  8. Person v. Situation a. Personality traits aren’t stable, we change as we go through stages in our lives b. Sensory adaptation – senses used to experience c. Ex. Bill Gates (luck and outliers) d. 10,000 work, study, practice hours e. Personality traits are not necessarily stable and enduring as environment changes ppl change
  9. Unity of Behavior v. Concept of Self a. Pattern and organization of behavior b. Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and ideas should be congruent and function together (healthy personality) c. Concept of self – I am ______ d. Self-talk e. How we feel about ourselves influences our behavior
  10. Varying States of Awareness and the Unconscious a. Roles of states of consciousness – drugs, sleep, memory, meditation b. Sleep deprivation – causes crankiness
  11. Cognition Affect and Overt Behavior a. Cognition – thoughts and thoughts process

b. Affect – emotions and feelings c. Overt behavior – what ppl can see and observe of what we do

  1. Past, present, and future influence a. Vary at how they look at the past and towards the future b. Cognitive – look towards future Strengths and Limitations of Research Approaches
  2. Case Studies and Clinical Research a. Strengths: allows for in depth study b. Limitations: can be subjective on the part of the researcher
  3. Lab Studies and Experimental Research a. Strengths: represent a scientific ideal, intentional way to isolate cause and effect b. Limitations: research is unofficial and may not reflect real life situations (ex. Lab Rats), c. Experimental Expectancy Effect - demand characteristics: researcher cues and experimental design that suggest that the researcher has a certain hypothesis and the subject will respond accordingly d. They may make error in recording or analyzing the data and make the subject behave in accordance with the hypothesis.
  4. Personality Questionnaires and Correlational Research a. Strengths: gather a lot of data, indication of something going on b. Limitations: social desirability – respond to socially acceptable characteristics Three Parts of Personality ID – Pleasure Principle (devil/idiot)
  • Completely in unconscious
  • All id when we are born
  • Getting drives satisfied (eat, drink, pleasure)
  • Primary process thinking – type of thinking that is characteristic of young children (selfish) EGO – Reality Principle
  • Mediator between the person and the real world
  • Begins to develop around 6 months o Begins to realize there are other ppl in the world besides them
  • Secondary process thinking – rational sequential thinking
  • Memory, judgment, perception, and learning are all ego functions SUPEREGO –Perfection Principle
  • Moral standards set by society, parents, religion, school
  • All 3 are in conflict, superego gets signal when they are not intact in form of anxiety
  • A healthy personality has all 3 in balance, how to cope with conflicts Psychosexual Stages of Development – according to Freud
  • Erogenous zone – bodily tensions focused on certain parts of the body
  1. Mouth - oral stage (0-1 yrs) a. Under gratified or over gratified in this stage end up being smokers, eating impulses origin.
  2. Anal Stage (2-3 yrs) – Potty training a. Power while potty training
  3. Phallic stage (3-5 yrs) a. Genital area, start realize sex difference