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BEHAVIORISM: A

THEORY OF LEARNING

By: Richa Carreon-Marcos, DMD, MAEd

■ (^) DEFINITION OF BEHAVIORISM ■ (^) OPERANT AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ■ KEY FIGURES/ PERSONALITIES ■ AIM IN EDUCATION ■ NATURE OF CURRICULUM ■ (^) ROLE OF TEACHERS ■ (^) ROLE OF LEARNERS ■ (^) METHOD OF TEACHING ■ (^) IMPLICATIONS TO EDUCATION ■ (^) CONCLUSION OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

Behaviorist Learning Theory ■ The theory operates on a principle of ‘stimulus-response’. ■ (^) Learning is related with changes in human behavior. STIMULU S RESPON SE LEARNIN G

Types of Behaviorist Learning Theory Behaviorist Theory Classical Conditionin g Ivan Pavlov J.B Watson Operant Conditionin g B.F Skinner E.L. Thorndi ke

POSSTITIVE REINFORCEMENT- OFFERING A REWARDING FACTOR TO INCREASE RESPONSE EXAMPLE: WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT OR PHYCISAL REWARD NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT – RELINGQUISHING A NEGATIVE FACTOR TO INCREASE A RESPONSE EXAMPLE: A CHILD CLEANING HIS ROOM AFTER NAGGED BY HIS MOM PUNISHMENT- DECREASE THE CHANCES OF A NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR HAPPENING AGAIN. EXAMPLE: SPANKING A CHILD AFTER MISBEHAVING.

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING NATURAL REFLEX THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS TECHNIQUES OF CLASSICCAL CONDITIONING ARE USED TODAY IN TREATMENT OF ANXIETY AND PHOBIAS

JOHN B. WATSON (1878-1958) ■ (^) “FATHER OF BEHAVIORISM” ■ (^) BELIEVES THAT BEHAVIOR CAN BE MEASURED, TRAINED AND CHANGED, ■ BELIEVED THAT BEHAVIOR RESULTED FROM SPECIFIC STIMULI THAT ELICIT CERTAIN RESPONSE

IVAN PAVLOV ( 1839- 1936) ■ DISCOVERED A BASIC FORM OF

LEARNINING CALLED “ CLASSICAL

CONDITIONING ”- also referred

to as PAVLOVIAN ■ HE IS KNOWN FOR USING DOGS FOR BEHAVIORAL TESTS ■ (^) HE USED A BELL TO TEACH DOGS TO KNOW THAT FOOD WAS BEING GIVEN AND RESULTED TO DOGS SALIVATING WHILE WAITING FOR FOOD ■ AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE FOR RESEARCH IN PHYSIOLOGY IN 1904 “ PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION IN MAMMALS”

PAVLOV’S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ■ The dog would salivate when a bell rang before the meat powder was given (psychic reflexes/conditioned reflex).

PAVLOV’S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY

EDWARD THORNDIKE (1874-

■ (^) Initially proposed that humans and animals acquire behaviors through the association of stimuli and responses. ■ (^) He advanced two laws of learning to explain why behaviors occur the way they do: The Law of Effect ■ (^) specifies that any time a behavior is followed by a pleasant outcome, that behavior is likely to recur.

■An act that is followed by a favorable effect is more likely to be repeated in similar situations; an act that is followed by an unfavorable effect is less likely to be repeated