Psychoanalytic Theory Foundations and Applications, Slides of Psychology

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PSYCHOANALYTIC

THEORY

Foundations and

Applications

Sigmund Freud, Father of

Psychoanalysis (1856-1939)

Human nature is basically deterministic. Progression through the psychosexual stages during the first six years of life will determine much of one’s development. Picture retrieved from Wikipedia

Goal of Counseling:

Resolution of problems by working through unresolved issues and exploration of unconscious material as it relates to the client-analyst relationship. http://www.apsa.org/content/about-psychoanalysis ) (^) By clicking on the hyperlink, you can go to the American Psychoanalytic Association’s website and learn more about contemporary Psychoanalysis

View of Human Nature

Deterministic Behavior is determined by: Irrational Forces Unconscious Motivations Biological and Instinctual Drives Instincts serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and are oriented towards: Growth Development Creativity

EGO PSYCHOLOGY

Major player: Heinz Kohut (1913-1981) Other players: Mahler Emphasis on narcissism Believes love for self precedes love for others

EGO PSYCHOLOGY

Key Players:

Anna Freud

Heinz Hartmann

Erik Erikson (most well-known for this

theory)

Object Relations-Attachment Theory

Objects are mental representations of other people and relationships with others. It is a stage theory that focuses on the process of becoming an independent individual and seeing people as stable, complex, and real. Responsiveness of the mother is critical. Throughout therapy, the client renounces judgment of others and self, realizing that variation can exist within one person.

Goals of Object Relations

Psychotherapy

To revise impaired object representations To free up the ego to pursue its healthy functions. Shares with other psychodynamic approaches the mission of enhancing ego strength.

Structure of Personality;

3 Systems

Id: The primary source of psychic energy and the seat of instincts; Largely unconscious; Ruled by the pleasure principle Ego: the “Executive” that governs, controls, and regulates personality. Ruled by the reality principle. Superego: Represents the “ideal”, not the real. Morals, right/wrong, conscience

Levels of Consciousness

Conscious : includes sensations and

experiences that you are aware of.

Preconscious: memories that are easily

remembered

Unconscious: memories that are

“forgotten”

Another essential concept…..

ANXIETY

A state of tension that motivates action Result of conflict between id, ego, & superego

3 kinds: reality (fear of danger); neurotic (fear that instincts will cause you to do something for which you are punished); moral (fear of one’s own conscience)

Ego Defense Mechanisms

Repression Denial Reaction formation Projection Displacement

Rationalization Sublimation Regression Introjection Identification Compensation

Freud & Erikson

Drive Ego

Latency Stage: Relatively quiet period -- sexual interest replaced by focus on socialization Genital Stage: Begins with puberty and lasts until senility -

• movement towards freedom from parental influence and capacity to care for others -- sexual energy directed towards others, rather than self-love

School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority -- setting and attaining personal goals = basic task Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion -- transitional time, conflicts center on clarification of identity Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation -- developmental task is to form intimate relationships

3 Phases of the Therapeutic Process

Initial Stage: Interpretation, analysis of

resistance, analysis of transference

Working Through: Client becomes more

free in thought and speech, gains

insight into how past influences present.

Final Stage: Termination – Benefits of

therapy discussed.