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PSYCH 526 EXAM 1 questions well answered to pass, Exams of Nursing

University of Oxford Nursing

PSYCH 526 EXAM 1 questions well answered to pass

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/06/2025

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PSYCH 526 EXAM 1 questions well

answered to pass

antisocial personality disorder - correct answer ✔✔- a pervasive pattern of disregard for and

violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into

adulthood

- most high psychopathy is ____

BUT most ___ is not high psychopathy

Narcisstic Personality Disorder - correct answer ✔✔pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for

admiration, and lack of empathy, begins by early adulthood

PCL-R - correct answer ✔✔- Hare

- gold standard measurement of the psychopathic personality

Harvey Cleckley's Concept of a Psychopath - correct answer ✔✔- 16 checklist

- mask of sanity

- does not emphasize violence or criminality

factor 1 traits of psychopathy - correct answer ✔✔-Interpersonal/affective traits (lack of

empathy, superficial charm, fearlessness)

Factor 2 traits of Psychopathy - correct answer ✔✔behavioral/antisocial traits (impulsivity,

irresponsibility, criminal behavior)

Glibness/Superficial Charm - correct answer ✔✔- smooth-talking, engaging, and slick

Partial preview of the text

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PSYCH 526 EXAM 1 questions well

answered to pass

antisocial personality disorder - correct answer ✔✔- a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood

most high psychopathy is ____ BUT most ___ is not high psychopathy Narcisstic Personality Disorder - correct answer ✔✔pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, begins by early adulthood PCL-R - correct answer ✔✔- Hare
gold standard measurement of the psychopathic personality Harvey Cleckley's Concept of a Psychopath - correct answer ✔✔- 16 checklist
mask of sanity
does not emphasize violence or criminality factor 1 traits of psychopathy - correct answer ✔✔-Interpersonal/affective traits (lack of empathy, superficial charm, fearlessness) Factor 2 traits of Psychopathy - correct answer ✔✔behavioral/antisocial traits (impulsivity, irresponsibility, criminal behavior) Glibness/Superficial Charm - correct answer ✔✔- smooth-talking, engaging, and slick

likable and entertaining
** they do not answer a question in an interview**
Factor 1 grandiose sense of self worth - correct answer ✔✔- inflated view of abilities and self worth
not embarrassed by legal history
finds others beneath them
factor 1 pathological lying - correct answer ✔✔- lies for no reason
completely fictitious life history even though it can be checked
factor 1 conning/manipulation - correct answer ✔✔- many different relationships
fraud types crimes, using people for money, making different relationships
"foot in the door technique"
gets prison staff to help them with things
factor 1 lack of remorse/guilt - correct answer ✔✔- it's the victim's fault
they left their doors unlocked
insurance will cover it
factor 1 shallow affect - correct answer ✔✔- unable to experience a normal range of emotions
says they love their children but hasn't seen them, can't remember their birthday etc.

short-lived emotion
factor 2 early behavioral problems - correct answer ✔✔- involved with crime under the age of 12
ask teachers, parents, family to describe the child - are they the black sheep?
factor 2 promiscuous sexual behavior - correct answer ✔✔-A variety of brief, superficial relations, numerous affairs, and an indiscriminate selection of sexual partners -The maintenance of several relationships at the same time -A history of attempts to sexually coerce others into a sexual activity or taking great pride at discussing sexual exploits or conquests
many sexual partners (hundred)
partners don't know about each other
sex offense history
factor 2 want short-term marital relationships - correct answer ✔✔- live in relationships that involve some degree of commitment .. don't have to be married
factor 2 Lack of realistic long term goals - correct answer ✔✔- an inability or persistent failure to develop and execute long-term plans and goals; a nomadic existence, aimless, lacking direction in life.
"I wanna play for the NBA"
" i want to become a lawyer, doctor, psychologist ... first I need my GED"
factor 2

Impulsivity - correct answer ✔✔- tendency to act quickly without careful thought

immediate gratification
factor 2 irreponsibility - correct answer ✔✔- father to numerous children but no child support or contact
day to day living
failure to take on responsibility
factor 2 juvenile delinquency - correct answer ✔✔- antisocial or criminal behavior of young people
only formal contact with the criminal justice system
factor 2 Revocation of conditional release - correct answer ✔✔- get to be released on conditions - inmate gets to go on parole but then they return to prison
factor 2 criminal versatility - correct answer ✔✔- a diversity of types of criminal offenses, regardless if the person has been arrested or convicted for them; taking great pride at getting away with crimes.
factor 2 Primary Psychopathy - correct answer ✔✔- a majority of factor 1 traits
emotional deficit
labeled as more psychological stability

Abuse & Psychopathy Factors - correct answer ✔✔- abuse IS related to irresponsible and impulsive lifestyle factors of psychopathy childhood abuse & psychopathy - correct answer ✔✔- child maltreatment linked to severity of psychopathy and APD Witnessing childhood abuse & psychopathy - correct answer ✔✔- Witnessing domestic violence is significantly associated with an overall level of psychopathy

Strongest relationship with interpersonal/ affective facets Female offenders & abuse - correct answer ✔✔Females had more physical abuse, sexual abuse, and abuse after 18 years than male offenders Ucinate Fasciculus - correct answer ✔✔- white matter that connects the amygdala to the OFC
women have reduced structural integrity here
RESULTS IN IMPAIRED EMOTIONAL/BEHAVIROAL DSYREGULATION Damasio's Somatic Marker Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔- builds off the vmPFC
"Gut feelings" assist indecision-making - even if not conscious
Somatic markers are created during the process of education and socialization through the connection between certain types of stimuli and certain types of affective states
Once formed, somatic markers guide behavior by focusing attention on the negative or positive outcomes of a given action and then serving "as an automated alarm signal which says: beware of danger ahead" CTE - correct answer ✔✔- degenerative neurological decision
symptoms impacted by region of the brain impacted
aaron hernandez

Imagine self vs imagine other study - correct answer ✔✔- inmwates viewed stimuli depicting bodily injuries while adopting an imagine self-versus imagine other perspective

psychopaths had typical brain response involved in empathy for pain about themselves
psychopaths had an atypical brain response when they thought about empathy for others Violence Inhibition Mechanism - correct answer ✔✔- Physiological process that stops aggressive behavior when the victim displays distress signals
theory = psychopathy is due to failure to be morally socialized due to amygdala dysfunction orienting the development of empathy Low Fear Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔- People with primary psychopathy are born with below average levels of fearfulness. (low fear IQ)
the fearlessness of psychopathic individuals makes it difficult to socialize which explains psychopathic traits
from weak attachment to parents passive avoidance learning - correct answer ✔✔- the individual learns to avoid an outcome by being passive
ex. you know not to engage in criminal behaviors because you're afraid of going to prison Emotion Modulated Startle - correct answer ✔✔- Psychopaths blinked less for unpleasant pictures compared to control group
Shows they are less startled by unpleasant pictures --> LOW FEAR Newman's Response Modulation Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔- Psychopaths are characterized by a ____ deficit that interferes with their ability to use secondary (or non- dominant information) to regulate goal-directed behavior

Impaired Integration Model - correct answer ✔✔-psychopathy may be "conceptualized as a disorder of information integration" -psychopathic individuals have difficulty rapidly integrating multicomponent perceptual information (attention bottleneck), which in turn influences the quality of mental representations and shapes the development of associative neural networks in the brain

emotion processing deficits --> Fail to address situational variability with attention & discussion with non-emotional stimuli
attention deficits --> Fail to integrate the increasing evidence of brain abnormalities associated with psychopathy
salience networks switching role may be diminished
involves language ventromedial prefrontal cortex - correct answer ✔✔- functions in socio-moral decision making and regulating emotional responses
densely connected to the amygdala Patient EVR - correct answer ✔✔-similar to Phineas Gage -successful college educated accountant who had tumor removed
huge change in emotion & decision making after tumor
PSEUDOPSCHOPATHY Trolley Paradox - correct answer ✔✔-Utilitarian: Push stranger off bridge kill 1 -Non-Utilitarian: Pull lever to kill 5 men instead of 1
primary psychopathy reacts similarly to vmPFC lesion patients (utilitarian)

non psychopaths would be non-utilitarian because they don't want to be involved in a decision that feels morally wrong Economics dictator game - correct answer ✔✔- one player, "the dictator" determines how to split on amount of money between himself and another player. The second player doesn't really "play": just get what is given
high primary psychopathy --> make lowers offers (LACK OF EMPATHY) economics ultimatum game - correct answer ✔✔- one player makes an offer. If the other player doesn't accept - neither player gets any money
some incentive to be fair
High primary offers are less likely to accept unfair offers - even if get nothing insula - correct answer ✔✔- social emotional region that is not activated and deficits in sensorimotor
moral decision making
imagine self vs imagine other study amygdala - correct answer ✔✔- function deals with fear and anxiety
reduce activity in psychopaths
psychopaths have difficulty learning to perform prosocial rather than antisocial acts striatum - correct answer ✔✔-hyper active in psychopaths
deals with heightened reward sensitivity
related to impulsive and antisocial traits Default Mode Network (DMN) - correct answer ✔✔- Network of structures that are active when a person is involved in internally focused attention such as mind wandering

allegiance bias - correct answer ✔✔When a researcher's results risk being biased, or a study not published, because of allegiances to a funder or an employer, for example. Mendota Juvenile Treatment Center Study - correct answer ✔✔- CBT program used to reduce the frequency & severity of violence

Appeal to their self-interest to use strengths in a non-criminal manner
behavioral self management instead of a cure
50% reduction of violent reoffending cognitive remediation - correct answer ✔✔A treatment approach designed to change neurobiology by training individuals in particular cognitive skills TMS - correct answer ✔✔- Use of electromagnet placed on the scalp and sends magnetic pulses down into specific brain regions
can be used to "turn up" parts of the brain with reduced activity Can we feel the presence of someone high in psychopathy? - correct answer ✔✔- Meloy & Meloy
Intraspecies predator
77% reported feeling a cold presence
female interviewers could sense more than males Blair claims... - correct answer ✔✔you have regions of the Brain that don't activate the same way so you don't feel empathy Deming - correct answer ✔✔- affective empathy & cogntive empathy
match a blurred face in a scenario

***psychopaths lack affective empathy
Just because I "don't do it doesn't mean I don't understand"

PSYCH 526 EXAM 1 questions well answered to pass, Exams of Nursing

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PSYCH 526 EXAM 1 questions well

answered to pass