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Psych 235 Exam 1 questions and
answers graded A+
Darren and Rocky are currently fighting over a girl they both like named Suzie. Darren hits the gym as he wants to build more muscle than Rocky in hopes he will attract Suzie. Which type of mating strategy does this situation illustrate? A. sexual selection theory, intersexual competition B. gene selection theory C. sexual selection theory, intrasexual competition D. survival selection - correct answer ✔✔C. sexual selection theory, intrasexual competition Tracy and her mom are both white. They witness another kid make fun of someone because of their race. Tracy's mom talks with Tracy about how that bad behavior is from racial prejudice. What is this an example of? A. observation-based social understanding B. they development of theory of mind C. explanation-based social understanding D. racial prejudice - correct answer ✔✔C. explanation-based social understanding Why did Moors et al (2014) predict that avoidant individuals would prefer consensual monogamous relationships over monogamous relationships? A. avoidant individuals fear losing their partner, so they would rather date other people in case it does not work out with their current partners B. avoidant individuals prefer knowing other people on a surface level as they do not want to experience their bad sides
C. avoidant individuals would rather date multiple people and date more casually as they want to avoid conflict with one person D. avoidant individuals fear emotional closeness, so having multiple partners to invest in would help prevent them from becoming too emotionally vulnerable with one person - correct answer ✔✔D. avoidant individuals fear emotional closeness, so having multiple partners to invest in would help prevent them from becoming too emotionally vulnerable with one person Li, Zuckerman & Diener (2021) measured how different factors can influence social well-being. The study found that... A. an increase in equality, specifically in more liberal countries, resulted in a higher sense of life satisfaction B. a decrease in equality, specifically in more liberal countries, resulted in a higher sense of life satisfaction C. an increase in equality, specifically in more conservative countries, resulted in a higher sense of life satisfaction D. the results did not differ between liberal and conservative countries - correct answer ✔✔A. an increase in equality, specifically in more liberal countries, resulted in a higher sense of life satisfaction What kind of study design was study 1? A. experimental B. survey study C. archival research D. cross-cultural study - correct answer ✔✔B. survey study
C. secure D. anxious-ambivalent E. disoriented - correct answer ✔✔C. secure Why would cross-cultural psychologist Harry Triandis be interested to contrast the cultures of Australia and Taiwan? A. one is an individualist culture and the other is collectivist B. as a comparison of immigration and culture C. both are asian-pacific culture D. to explore how language shapes culture E. to compare how their economic differences influence culture - correct answer ✔✔A. one is an individualist culture and the other is collectivist What kind of research was Li, Zuckerman, & Diener (2021)? A. laboratory research B. field research C. survey research D. non-conscious research - correct answer ✔✔C. survey research One advantage of using cross-cultural studies to understand cultures is that the researchers can easily _________ A. account for situational identity B. observe cultures in their natural environments C. compare between different cultures D. use ethnocentric interpretations E. eliminate personal bias - correct answer ✔✔C. compare between different cultures
When each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to a particular group, the researcher design uses A. volunteer grouping B. convenience sampling C. informed consent D. random assignment - correct answer ✔✔D. random assignment Historical or publicly-available data is often used for what type of research? A. experimental research B. implicit research C. field study research D. archival research - correct answer ✔✔D. archival research ___________, or change over time, occurs through the process of natural and sexual selection, and its primary products are adaptations A. development B. maturation C. growth D. evolution E. mutation - correct answer ✔✔D. evolution Ian believes that his culture is the best one, and that the norms of other cultures are "weird." Ian is displaying what trait? A. cultural relativism B. collectivism C. situational ethnicity D. progressive cultivation
- Taught different standards of attractiveness and expectations of a person How can attachment/social development help us understand who we find attractive? - correct answer ✔✔- Attachment partner of a similar attachment style
- People generally find secure attachment partners more attractive How can evolutionary psychology help us understand family relationships? - correct answer ✔✔Gene selection, not just about finding a mate, but protecting similar genes (family) How can cultural psychology help us understand family relationships? - correct answer ✔✔how you see your family norms who should take care of kids How can attachment/social development help us understand family relationships? - correct answer ✔✔different parents and attachment styles What are the three commonly studied attachment patterns? - correct answer ✔✔1. secure
- anxious-ambivalent
- avoidant what is known about the development of the attachment patterns? - correct answer ✔✔one of the key determinants of attachment patterns is the history of sensitive and responsive interactions between the caregiver and the child What questions are asked to understand the core ideas of peer-reviewed papers? - correct answer ✔✔- what is the key question they are testing?
- what are they predicting?
- what did they find?
- what are their conclusions?
complex experimental designs - correct answer ✔✔an experiment with two or more independent variables what are the key features of complex experimental designs - correct answer ✔✔they permit researchers to study both individual and joint effects of several factors on a range of related situations field experiment - correct answer ✔✔an experiment that occurs outside of the lab and in a real world situation Why is a field experiment used? - correct answer ✔✔because social psychology is primarily focused on the social context—groups, families, cultures—researchers commonly leave the lab to collect data on real life ( more natural ) naturalistic observation - correct answer ✔✔unobtrusively watching people as they go about the business of living their lives why do we use naturalistic observation? - correct answer ✔✔it can be used in cases where it is not practical or ethical to randomly assign participants to different experimental conditions experience sampling methods - correct answer ✔✔systematic ways of having participants provide samples of their ongoing behavior. Participants' reports are dependent (contingent) upon either a signal, pre-established intervals, or the occurrence of some event. survey research - correct answer ✔✔a method of research that involves administering a questionnaire to respondents in person, by telephone, through mail, or over the internet.
privacy - correct answer ✔✔researchers cannot violate privacy by observing them in restrooms or other private spaces without their knowledge and consent. Researchers also may not identify individual participants in their research reports risks and benefits - correct answer ✔✔people who participate in psychological studies should be exposed to risk only if they fully understand the risks and only if the likely benefits clearly outweigh those risks. deception - correct answer ✔✔Social psychologists sometimes need to deceive participants to avoid demand characteristics by hiding the true nature of the study. This is typically done to prevent participants from modifying their behavior in unnatural ways debriefing - correct answer ✔✔the process of informing research participants as soon as possible of the purpose of the study, revealing any deceptions, and correcting any misconceptions they might have as a result of participating. also involves minimizing harm that might have occurred. what are the limitations of traditional laboratory experiments? - correct answer ✔✔they may create artificial atmospheres due to the high degree of control, may not reflect real-world situations. in what way does daily life research further psychological science? - correct answer ✔✔methods ensure receiving many measurements from many participants, and has further inspired the development of novel statistical methods what are the research methods for studying daily life? - correct answer ✔✔1. collecting usage data via smartphones
- sampling daily experiences
- sampling daily behavior
- sampling daily psychology
- samplling online behavior evolution - correct answer ✔✔change over time that occurs through the process of natural and sexual selection what are the primary mechanisms in which evolution takes place? - correct answer ✔✔adaptations and psychological adaptations two major classes of adaptations - correct answer ✔✔1. survival adaptations
- reproduction sexual selection - correct answer ✔✔The evolution of characteristics because of the mating advantage they give organisms what are the two primary processes of sexual selection - correct answer ✔✔1. intrasexual selection
- intersexual selection gene selection theory - correct answer ✔✔The modern theory of evolution by selection by which differential gene replication is the defining process of evolutionary change. what are psychological adaptations - correct answer ✔✔changes in the way we think in order to improve our survival (sexual strategies theory and error management theory) sexual strategies theory - correct answer ✔✔describes the psychology of human mating strategies and the ways in which women and men differ in those strategies.
example of self-construal - correct answer ✔✔enjoy being unique, act the same way regardless of who they are with Do scientists believe that infants and young children are egocentric? - correct answer ✔✔developmental scientists used to believe that infants are egocentric (focused on their own perceptions and experience) they now realize that the opposite is true. Social and Emotional Competence - correct answer ✔✔Social and personality development is built from the social, biological, and representational influences discussed above. These influences result in important developmental outcomes that matter to children, parents, and society how does the attachment system work? - correct answer ✔✔functions much like a thermostat that continuously monitors the ambient temperature of a room, comparing that temperature against a desired state and adjusting behavior (e.g., activating the furnace) accordingly. insecure - correct answer ✔✔Children who appear insecure in the strange situation (i.e., anxious-resistant or avoidant) often have parents who are insensitive to their needs, or inconsistent or rejecting in the care they provide. secure - correct answer ✔✔Children who appear secure in the strange situation, for example, tend to have parents who are responsive to their needs.
