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Which of the following medications would a psychiatrist MOST likely prescribe for someone experiencing delusions? a. reserpine b. benzodiazepines c. bromides d. neuroleptics What did Freud call the structure representing the moral principles instilled in us by our parents and culture? a. the id b. the ego c.the superego d. defence mechanisms What is the focus of the scientist-practitioner model of psychology? a. the psychologist's use of scientific principles to study which treatments are most effective and to decide which treatment to use b. the psychologist's use of scientific statistics, such as prevalence and incidence, to diagnose clients who present with distressing symptoms c. the exchange of scientific information between scientists d. the use of psychotropic drugs used to treat patients in clinical practice Which of the following served as the basis for early findings that
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apparently supported psychoanalytic therapy? a. scientific inquiry b. case studies c. introspection d. literature reviews Which of the following are elements of person-centred therapy? a. hypnosis and catharsis b. reinforcement and shaping c. rest and relaxation d. unconditional positive regard and empathy Which of the following is a correct match between a drug and the problem it is used to treat? a. reserpine for aggression b. benzodiazepines for anxiety c. bromides for hallucinations d. neuroleptics for delusions A therapist is working with a client who is extremely involved with body piercing. The client enjoys it, but the therapist thinks the amount of piercing is so excessive she considers it abnormal behaviour. Which definition of abnormality is the therapist using? a. unaware personal dysfunction b. culturally
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d. in the mid-1900s According to Freud, at which stage of psychosexual development does the Oedipus complex occur? a. the genital stage b. the oral stage c.the phallic stage d. the latency stage What is the main purpose of psychoanalysis? a. to reduce the symptoms of a disorder b. to examine ego defences c.to reveal unconscious conflicts d. to overcome the Oedipus complex Why are defence mechanisms important in treatment planning? a. because they may demonstrate gender differences b. because they are most prevalent in people with psychological disorders c. because they have potential significance in the study of schizophrenia d. because they may differ for different psychological disorders What did Galen believe caused depression? a. too much black bile b. cognitive distortions c. high levels of stress
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d. internal demons Which of the following terms describes the gradual onset of a disorder? a. acute b. sudden c. menacing d. insidious What was Joseph Wolpe's MOST noted contribution to psychology? a. systematic desensitization as a means of therapy b. the discovery that fear can be repressed through familiarity with the feared object c. the definition of operant conditioning d. the discovery of the mechanism of the extinction process In some parts of the world where the rate of new AIDS cases had been declining, it has begun increasing again. What kind of statistics would indicate this occurrence? a. incidence statistics b. correlation statistics c. deviation statistics
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d. the effect of punishment on the behaviour of dogs The DSM-5 suggests a person can be diagnosed with a psychological disorder if which of the following criteria is met? a. if the person is distressed by the symptoms of the disorder regardless of whether the symptoms are dysfunctional b. if the person cannot function normally because of the disorder regardless of whether the symptoms are atypical for their culture c.if the person displays most of the characteristics of the prototype for the disorder d. if the person's behaviour is atypical for the culture he or she belongs to, regardless of whether the symptoms are distressing In the late 1800s, scientists discovered that syphilis and the disordered behaviour that results from it are both caused by the same bacterial microorganism. Which of the following changes resulted from this discovery? a. Mental health professionals began to think that other psychological disorders might be caused by other microorganisms and that biological cures might be possible. b. Individuals diagnosed with syphilis were referred to psychologists instead of doctors for further treatment. c. The mental hygiene movement was established, which attempted to provide a sterile, bacteria-free environment for those suffering from
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disorders. d. Mental health professionals adopted a genetic model, which has been supported by further scientific investigations into the causes of disorders. Louie was barking like a dog and walking on his hands and knees. A professional thought the cause of Louie's problem was an excess of a particular neurotransmitter and prescribed a drug to treat him. What kind of professional was this MOST likely to be? a. a clinical psychologist b. a psychiatric nurse c. a psychiatric social worker d. a psychiatrist David works in a hospital. He administers and interprets tests, diagnoses and treats mental disorders, and conducts research on chronic disorders. In what field is David MOST likely employed? a. nursing b. psychiatry c. social work d. clinical psychology Tim owns a cat that licks her chops when she hears cellophane cat food packets being opened. According to a classical conditioning account, what is the cellophane sound?
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Andy blocks disturbing thoughts and experiences from his conscious awareness. Which defence mechanism is he using? a. sublimation b. rationalization c. projection d. repression Which of the following inspired theories about prepared learning? a. the Human Genome Project b. Pavlov's work with dogs c.the observation that fears are learned so easily d. studies of learned helplessness Which of the following is involved in psychological conditioning? a. learning a relationship between two events b. salivating to a metronome c. adding body and manageability to one's hair d. learning to salivate to food
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Which part of the nervous system is activated in times of stress? a. the parasympathetic nervous system b. the somatic nervous system c.the sympathetic nervous system d. the central nervous system Which of the following is proposed by the diathesis-stress model? a. One gene plus a stressor may lead to the development of some disorders. b. A limited amount of stress can be beneficial for some psychological disorders. c.Multiple genes make a person vulnerable to developing a disorder. d. Some people are more prone to stress, which leads them to develop anxiety disorders How does one use a one-dimensional causal model analyze a disorder? a. By using only one perspective, such as behaviourism, to treat a disorder. b. By attributing a disorder to a single cause.
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a. single genes b. several different genes, each of which determines the severity of the disorder c.many genes, each of which exerts only a small influence d. no genes in particular Which lobe of the brain is used for reasoning and relating to the world as humans? a. cerebral lobe b. temporal lobe c. limbic lobe d. frontal lobe According to studies with monkeys, which of the following can be influenced by a sense of control? a. responses to neurotransmitters b. self-esteem c. egotism d. degree of yoking Which of the following accurately illustrates the reciprocal gene- environment model of interaction? a. Due to her phobia of cats, May avoids them. b. Joan knows her father is an alcoholic, so she avoids alcohol. c. Tony has a predisposition to develop a blood-injury-injection phobia, and
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he leads a cautious lifestyle. d. George has a vulnerability to depression, and he frequently watches sad movies. Which system does an alarm reaction involve? a. the sympathetic system b. the parasympathetic system c. the 5-HT system d. the GABA system What is the fight or flight response? a. a deactivation of neural synapses b. a typical response to learned helplessness c. a technique used in Ellis's rational-emotive therapy d. an alarm reaction in the face of adverse circumstances Which part of the brain gives humans the capacity to think, plan, and reason? a. the cerebellum b. the thalamus c. the limbic system d. the cerebral cortex What is the focus of cognitive-behavioural therapy?
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What is one problem with the "snapshot" approach to psychological disorders? a. It leads to poor prognoses. b. It fails to account for change over time. c. Faulty perceptions lead to improper diagnoses. d. It neglects certain symptoms. Though fears are learned, there are some we are more prepared to learn than others. Which of the following would be the MOST likely fear-prepared stimulus? a. dogs b. guns c.spiders d. heights Which of the following is related to the limbic system? a. the regulation of emotional experience b. our ability to balance c. pumping action of the heart d. the production of hormones What is the most important function of the endocrine system? a. It produces the neurotransmitters that determine bodily growth.
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b. It produces hormones that are implicated in some psychological problems. c. It produces the hormones that directly cause some psychological disorders. d. It is the main controller of the entire nervous system Which of the following would MOST likely result in learned helplessness? a. being in a stressful situation one cannot control b. being in a stressful situation and refusing to control it c. being in control and then encountering stressors d. perceiving control when none is present What does "reuptake" refer to? a. a neurotransmitter being released at the synaptic cleft b. a neuron reabsorbing a neurotransmitter after it is released c. a neurotransmitter attaching to a receptor cell d. a neurotransmitter being broken down at the synaptic cleft Tilly is being treated for depression. Her therapist attempts to help her resolve certain conflicts with her husband, Mario. What type of treatment is Tilly MOST likely receiving?
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d. Dopamine What system of nosology is the DSM-5 based on? a. the classical system of nosology b. the dimensional system of nosology c. the categorical system of nosology d. the prototypical system of nosology What is the primary purpose of structured and semi-structured interviews? a. to collect necessary information in a standardized way to allow for comparison with similar individuals b. to initiate treatment c. to increase confidentiality d. to develop the therapist–client relationship; the semi-structured interview has engagement strategies built in to help develop relationships What instrument measures brain wave activity by recording the electrical activity of the brain? a. a CAT scan b. an MRI c.an EEG d. a SPECT
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In an attempt to predict which children would succeed in school, what form of assessment did Binet develop? a. a sentence completion test b. an intelligence test, based on an intelligence quotient c. an intelligence test, based on deviation intelligence quotients d. achievement testing Which technique would be appropriate if you wished to look for the location of possible damage in a client's brain? a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) b. PET scan c. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) d. a projective test On which scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) would you expect a remorseless, aggressive, and irresponsible person to get a high score? a. paranoia scale b. psychopath ic deviation scale c. psychasthenia scale
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