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PSYC 140 Module 4 Exam- Portage Learning
Typology: Quizzes
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Correct! (^) Vygotsk y Piage t This researcher was pessimistic about a child’s abilities to learn by himself.
Which Piagetian substage occurs during the Preoperational stage: Secondary Circular Reactions, Symbolic Function, or Metacognition.
This researcher focused on how young children experiment on their world in order to l
Secondary Circular Reactions Correct! (^) Symbolic Function Metacognition Correct! False True True or false? Gender constancy is similar to Piaget’s idea of conservation.
Correct! Vygotsky Piaget Which theorist, Piaget or Vygotsky, thought that self-discovery was key to cognitive development?
orrect Answer (^) True ou Answered (^) False Correct! (^) False True True or false? Neglect is not a form of child abuse.
schema Your Answer: Schema Gendertheory states that children learn what society thinks about male- and female organize new information according to these models.
Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Why do modern researchers often find that young children are able to overcome some aspects of egocentrism at younger ages than Piaget had thought? Your Answer: Mordern researchers often found that young children where able to overcome some aspects of egocentrisim because they believed that Piagets theory of the Mountain Task was hard, the children did not understand the logical context and intent of the experimenter, the materials piaget used where not unfamiliar, and the language was complicated. Hence, the researchers used easier models like the Policeman Doll Study and Turn Table Model that the children understood easily. Also, the materials used were familiar like in the turn table model where "Grover" the cartoon character from "Seasame Street" was introduced. Finally, the experiment was properly explained to the children and even when they did not get it right it was explained further and they were allowed to try again. Understanding the task is key. Other methods than the Three Mountains Task are perhaps more understandable to young children and can result in decentered (less egocentric) responses. According to Piaget, what is centration?
Centration is the ability to focus on one aspect of an object, situation or event ther the preoerational child. Focusing all attention on one feature of an object. 2- Your Answer: 2- What is the age range for Piaget’s Preoperational stage?
What are 2 biological reasons for why young children think inefficiently? Your Answer: The two biological reasons why young children think inefficiently is due to the on going brain development, the process of the neurotic connections;
myelination and pruning not complete. Clear out underused synaptic connections. Your Answer: Snaptic pruning helps to eliminate underutilized synaptic connections between the n What purpose does synaptic pruning serve in the brains of young children?
Answer the following essay question. Answers should be written in clear, complete sentences. Describe Piaget’s Three Mountains task. Be sure to describe the purpose, procedure, and results of the study. Then, describe Hughes’ Policeman Doll study—its purpose, procedure, and results. Then, answer why the studies obtained different results. Your Answer:
Hughes' language was not complicated like Piagets and the materials used where familiar, children are drwan to dolls Finally, Hughes' made sure he explined the process to the children so that they understood the intent of the experimenter. The children
understood Hughes task better than they did Piaget's and so they did well. Descriptions of the Three Mountains task need to include the following information: purpose is to find out the age when children are no longer egocentric; procedure involved the child sitting at a table with 3 mountains with a doll in the model, and pictures shown hypothetically from the doll’s view, with the child needing to correctly pick the doll’s point of view; results showed 4 year-olds as being egocentric with consistent reduction in egocentrism not occurring until ages 7-8. 4 pts. Descriptions of the Hughes study needs to include the following: purpose to reevaluate Piaget’s results using a more understandable method; children are shown a model with a boy doll and a policeman doll and were asked to hide the boy doll from the policeman’s view, with children’s misunderstandings about the task corrected; most children under age 5 successfully completed the task. 4 pts. Reason for difference: understanding the task made children able to successfully complete it—so the problem with completing the Three Mountains task wasn’t age but comprehension. 2 pts Quiz Score: 29 out of 30
