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PSYC 1322 ADOLESENT PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ NIAGARA C, Exams of Psychology

PSYC 1322 ADOLESENT PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ NIAGARA COLLEGE What is Adolescence? second decade of life, used to be considered the teen years, period of adole. has lengthened Define Puberty period of lifespan in which an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction, no new hormones are produced HPG Axis hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads Sex Hormones Androgens and Estrogens Pack Height Velocity time that adolescents are growing most quickly

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PSYC 1322 ADOLESENT PSYCHOLOGY
EXAM (2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+ NIAGARA
COLLEGE
What is Adolescence?
second decade of life, used to be considered the teen years, period of adole. has
lengthened
Define Puberty
period of lifespan in which an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction,
no new hormones are produced
HPG Axis
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads
Sex Hormones
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PSYC 1322 ADOLESENT PSYCHOLOGY

EXAM (2025/2026) QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS GRADED A+ NIAGARA

COLLEGE

What is Adolescence?

second decade of life, used to be considered the teen years, period of adole. has lengthened

Define Puberty

period of lifespan in which an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction, no new hormones are produced

HPG Axis

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonads

Sex Hormones

Androgens and Estrogens

Pack Height Velocity

time that adolescents are growing most quickly

Skeletal Changes

bones become harder, denser, more brittle; conclusion of puberty

What triggers puberty?

Presence of sexually mature people, nutritional resources, physically changes

3 major physical changes

Adolescent growth spurt, development of primary sex characteristics (gonads), development of secondary sex characteristics (breasts, pubic hair, voice)

Early Puberty

higher affluence/economic advantages, better nourishment throughout younger years, better health conditions, less cohesive family, household no natural father, small amounts of stress

Eating Disorders

Serious but treatable illness with medical and psychiatric aspects

Most commonly known eating disorders

anorexia/bulimia

Duration of eating disorder

77% report from 1-15 years

How many with anorexia die

as many as 10%

What contributes significantly to death in eating disorders

suicide

What percent of cause of eating disorders are genetic?

Diathesis Stress Theory

Biological disposition byt the environment has to lend to it too

Anorexia

substantial self-induced weight loss or refusal to maintain weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height (less than 85% of what is expected), irrational/morbid fear of gaining weight, intense drive for thinness, amenorrhea (absence of at least 3 consec periods)

two subtypes of anorexia

classic food restriction (ANR) and binge-purge subtypes (ANBP)

Signs and Symp. of Anorexia

feeling cold compared to peers, hair loss/thinning scalp, development of lanugo hair (fair/downy hair face/back), decreased blood pressure/dizziness, decreased heart rate, dry skin/brittle nails, sad, depressed, irritable, moody, sensitive, perfectionistic, self-critical

Binge-Eating Disorder

eating much more rapidly than normal, eating until uncomfortably full, eating large amounts of food when not hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment, feeling disgusted with oneself, marked distress, absence of regular compensatory behavior

Bulimia Diff

people with this disorder realize that their eating patterns are not normal and are frustrated/ashamed by that knowledge; much more prevalent, person's weight has little to do with this disorder

development of deductive reasoning

"if-then" thinking, major intellectual accomplishment

Ability to comprehend higher-order abstract logic such as:

puns, proverbs, metaphors

Start to understand:

interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality

metacognition

thinking about thinking; monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the process of thinking

increased introspection

thinking about one's own emotions

increased self-consciousness

thinking about other's thinking of us

increased intellectualization

thinking about our own thoughts

Adolescent Egocentrism

extreme self absorption

Imaginary Audience

own behavior is the focus of other's concern

Limbic System

changes in levels of certain neurotransmitters like dopamine affect emotional experiences, stress and reward sensitivity; plays important role in the processing of emotional experience, social info, reward/punishment

Full maturation of prefrontal cortex

sometime between adolescence and early adulthood

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

important for planning ahead

Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex

gut decision making

Conduct problems caused by

prefrontal cortical development is less mature than normal

limbic system matures when

at puberty

prefrontal cortex matures when

several years later

what does the time gap between limbic system and prefrontal cortex maturing explain

why adolescence is a period of high risk taking

What regions stop growing at puberty

regions involved in language acquisition

Risks

behaviors contributing to injuries/violence, unwanted pregnancies/STIs, alcohol/drug use, unhealthy diet

Status Quo of teen risk

Focuses on perspective, teens vs adults teens optimize chances for reward and adults minimize chances for punishment

Evolutionary Perspective of risk taking

some scientists suggest that we take certain risks because through our evolutionary history it too has enhanced our chances for survival; tougher/stronger; more appealing to mates

Emerging Adulthood

coined by Jeffery Ernett, 18-23, not officially ready to be adults, have to have money to do it

Development of Autonomy

adult status leads to shifts in responsibility, independence and freedom

Adolescence as Social Invention

defined primarily by socieral distinction of period from childhood to adulthood; varies across time and place

Changes in Status

given privileges/rights reserves to society's adults; increased expectations for self- management, personal responsibility, social participation

Changes in Interpretation Status

addressed with adult titles, maintain new types of social relationships with parents/adults/younger individuals

Changes in Political Status

permission for more extensive participation in community's decision making; expected to serve community

Changes in Economic Status

own property/maintain control over income, get a job, pay taxes

Changes in Legal Status

gambling, purchasing alcoholic bevs, driving, smoking

Process of Social Redefinition

Clarity

explicitness of the transition

Continuity

smoothness of the transition

Not much clarity

no universally formal initiation ceremony, go straight from graduating to work to marriage

Given absence of clarity

people of the same chronological age may feel more mature/less mature than agemates

Continuous transitions

gradual transitions where the adolescent assumes the roles and status of adulthood bit by bit

Discontinuous transitions

sudden transitions where the adolescent's entrance into adulthood is more adrupt

Contemporary Society

discontinuous, call to improve school to work transition, youth apprentiveship

Menarche

The time of first menstruation, one of the most important changes to occur among females during puberty

Endocrine System

The system of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones

Hormones

Highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands

Glands

HPG Axis

The neurophysiological pathway that involves that hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads

Adrenarche

The maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence

Cortisol

A hormone produced when a person is exposed to stress

Leptin

A protein produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty

Organizational role (of hormones)

The process through which early exposure to hormones, especially prenatally, organizes the brain or other organs in anticipation of later changes in behavior or patterns or growth

Activational role (of hormones)

The process through which changes in hormone levels, especially at puberty, stimulate changes in the adolescent's behavior, appearance, or growth

Adolescent growth spurt

the dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty

Peak height velocity

the point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly

Epiphysis

the closing of the ends of the bones, which terminates growth after the adolescent growth spurt has been completed

Tanner stages

a widely used system that describes the five stages of pubertal development