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PSYC 101 | GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY
MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RATED A+ | PORTAGE LEARNING
In 1879, in psychology's first experiment, ___ and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key - ANSWER William Wundt William James would be considered a(n) - ANSWER Functionalist Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener would be considered - ANSWER Structuralists In the early twentieth century, ____ redefined psychology as the "science of observable behavior" - ANSWER Abraham Maslow Nature is to nurture as - ANSWER Biology is to experience A psychologist treating emotionally troubled adolescents at a local mental health agency is most likely a - ANSWER Clinical Psychologist
A mental health professional with a medical degree who can prescribe medication is a - ANSWER Psychiatrist A psychologist conducting basic research to expand psychology's knowledge base would be most likely to - ANSWER observe 3- and 6- year olds solving puzzles and analyze differences in their abilities used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind - ANSWER Structuralism Explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish - ANSWER Functionalism Who was a memory researcher, but denied her PhD in 1890? - ANSWER Mary Calkins 1st women with psych in PhD and studied animal behavior? - ANSWER Margaret Floy Washburn
What did the Cognitive Revolution (1960's) focus on? - ANSWER How we perceive, process, and remember information Science of mental processes and behavior - ANSWER Modern definition of psychology 3 Main levels of influence - ANSWER biological, psychological, cultural A self correcting process for evaluating ideas with observation and analysis - ANSWER Scientific Method Why do we use operational definitions? - ANSWER To avoid bias Sq3R - ANSWER Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review Explains behaviors or events by offering ideas that organize what we have observed - ANSWER Theory
Theory that produces testable predictions - ANSWER Hypothesis Descriptive technique in which one individual/group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles - ANSWER Case study Descriptive technique of observing & recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control the situation - ANSWER Naturalistic Observation Descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reporting attitudes or behavior of a particular group, usually by questioning a random sample of the group - ANSWER Survey How things are related, measure of the extent to which 2 factors vary together and thus, how well either factor predicts the other - ANSWER Correlations Shows strength and direction of the correlation - ANSWER Correlation Coefficient
Must ensure comfort, health, human treatment, and minimize pain - ANSWER Ethics of animals Standard for measuring how much scores deviate from one another - ANSWER Standard deviation Genes act as - ANSWER Codes Chromosoms are made up of__ - ANSWER genes + DNA Study of the relative power and limits of genetic & environmental influences on behavior - ANSWER Behavior genetics True or false: Environment shared by a families children has no discernible impact on their personalities - ANSWER True Person's characteristics of emotional reactivity and intensity - ANSWER Temperament
Study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior - ANSWER Gene-environment interaction Study of environmental influences on gene expression - ANSWER Epigenetics Study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection - ANSWER Evolutionary Psychology Principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and surveil most likely pass onto succeeding generations - ANSWER Natural Selection Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two - ANSWER Identical Twins Extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their differing genes - ANSWER Heritability Random errors in gene replication - ANSWER Mutations
Personal sense of being male/female or a sense of the two - ANSWER Gender identity Assumes we acquire our gender identity in childhood by observing & imitating others' gender-linked behaviors and by being rewarded/punished for acting in certain ways - ANSWER Social Learning Theory Behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next - ANSWER Culture Rules for accepted and expected behavior - ANSWER Norms Westerners use____ - ANSWER trait describing adjectives East Asians use__ that describe behaviors in context - ANSWER Verbs Biological status - ANSWER Sex
Body structures that make sexual reproduction possible - ANSWER Primary Sex Characteristics Non-reproductive sexual traits - ANSWER Secondary sex Characteristics First wet dream - ANSWER Spermarche First period - ANSWER menarche Schemas - ANSWER Concept What does Nature vs Nurture ask? - ANSWER How does our genetic inheritance interact with our experiences to influence our development? Continuity & Stages (development issues) - ANSWER What parts of development are gradual and continuous? What parts change abruptly?
How many cells form per second at 4 weeks? - ANSWER 1 million What reflexes do babies have? - ANSWER Rooting, sucking, tonguing Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation - ANSWER Habituation What do babies prefer? - ANSWER Sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness Where is the most rapid growth in a baby? - ANSWER Frontal lobes Motor development is __ - ANSWER universal Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas - ANSWER Assimilate
Adapting current understands to incorporate new information - ANSWER Accommodation Ideas about their own mental stages - ANSWER Theory of Mind Who studied on monkey's? - ANSWER Harlow Stange Situation Experiment - ANSWER Mary Ainsworth Styles of romantic love - ANSWER Secure, trusting Insecure, anxious Avoidance of attachment Authoritarian parenting - ANSWER Coercive Permissive parenting - ANSWER Unrestraining Authoritative - ANSWER Confrontative
Presentation of 2 stimuli is independent of behavior - ANSWER Classical conditioning When CS is repeatedly present without the US, the CR becomes weaker until it stops - ANSWER Extinction Who studied human emotions and behaviors, through biologically influenced, are mainly a bundle of conditioned responses - ANSWER John Watson
