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PSY 350 QUIZ 2 SDSU QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
OCD CORRECT ANSWER a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Obsession CORRECT ANSWER is an unwanted thought or idea with which a person is preoccupied. (Most compulsions fall into counting, checking, cleaning and avoidance for example. Repeatedly check burners on stove to see they are off and windows lock). Compulsion CORRECT ANSWER is the feeling that one is obligated to perform a behavior, even if one prefers not to do so. (including, concerns or disgust with bodily secretions, dirt, germs, fear that something terrible might happen and need for symmetry, order, exactness). OCD -Prevalence CORRECT ANSWER Prevalence: 1-2%, of people will develop the disorder at some point in their lives Equal between men and women Begins in early adulthood and persists for many years Depression: Core features CORRECT ANSWER Dysphoria (prolonged sadness), Anhedonia (loss of pleasure in previously enjoyable activities) and Irritability (excessive sensitivity, hostility enjoyable activities, unique to children and adolescents. Anxiety CORRECT ANSWER A negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future. Gender 2:1 ratio. Female to male OCD: CORRECT ANSWER 1-2% most common in young adulthood Types of Depression: CORRECT ANSWER DMDD (disruptive mood dysregulation disorder): 2-5% MDD (Major Depressive Disorder): 7-8% rise in puberty. PDD (persistent depressive disorder) (dysthymic disorder): 1.5-5% Premenstrual Dysphoric disorder: 1.8-5.8% of menstruating women. Incidence 2.5% DMDD CORRECT ANSWER higher in males and school age children MDD CORRECT ANSWER 1.5-3:1 female to male ratio adulthood. Emerges in adolescence (no difference in Childhood) Women are twice to suffer from MDD than men. Higher in Caucasian people. Common in lower SES groups.
PDD CORRECT ANSWER a chronic form of unipolar depression marked by ongoing and repeated symptoms of either major or mild depression. Anxiety vs. Fear CORRECT ANSWER Fear is a state of immediate alarm in response to a serious, known threat to one's well-being. Anxiety is a state of alarm in response to a vague sense of threat or danger, both have the same physiological features: increase in respiration, perspiration, muscle tension etc., Vegetative: CORRECT ANSWER Sleep (too little or too much), appetite (too little or too much), motor functioning, fatigue. cognitive: CORRECT ANSWER Concentration problems, thoughts of death, worthlessness/guilt psychomotor: CORRECT ANSWER Agitation, restlessness, slower; In addition, prominent behavioral features (withdrawal, lack of motivation) Panic attack CORRECT ANSWER Lifetime prevalence of panic attacks: ⅓ of population. It is periodic, short bouts of panic that occurs suddenly, reach a peak within minutes and gradually passes. panic disorder CORRECT ANSWER PD is an abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes, and during which time four + of the following symptoms occur: Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate, Sweating, Trembling or shaking, Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering, Feelings of choking, Chest pain or discomfort, Nausea or abdominal distress, Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint, Chills or heat sensations, Paresthesia, Derealization or depersonalization Fear of losing control or "going crazy." Fear of dying. Lifetime prevalence of Panic Disorder: 5% 12-month prevalence for Panic Disorder: Adolescents and adults: 2-3.1% Gender 2: specific phobia CORRECT ANSWER is severe and persistent fear of specific object or situation, are intense fears of animals or insects, height, enclosed space, thunderstorm, and blood. social phobia CORRECT ANSWER also known as social anxiety disorder, a severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur. Poor people are 50 percent more likely than wealthier people to experience. African Americans and Asian Americans scored higher than white Americans in surveys in social anxiety.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: CORRECT ANSWER A diagnosis given to certain women who repeatedly have clinically significant depressive and related symptoms during the week of menstruation. Substance/Medication induced disorder: CORRECT ANSWER A prominent and persistent disturbance in mood that predominates in the clinical picture and is characterized by depressed mood or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities. The symptoms can develop during or soon after substance intoxication, withdrawal, or exposure. Severity of symptoms depends on the half-life (how long it takes for ½ the substance to leave (consumed) your body, and varies for different drugs). Causes: long term drug/med use Ex. Korsakoff's syndrome - caused by excessive drinking, is a memory disorder caused by a lack of vitamin b- Biological bases of anxiety: CORRECT ANSWER Biological theorists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is caused chiefly by biological factors. researchers determined that benzodiazepines provide relief from anxiety Benzodiazepines receptors ordinarily receive GABA, and increases the efficiency of GABA GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter whose low activity has been traced to generalized anxiety disorder GABA carries inhibitory messages: when GABA is received at a receptor, it causes the neuron to stop firing. High in behavioral inhibition The circuit in the brain that helps produce anxiety reactions includes areas such as the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Genetic factors CORRECT ANSWER Four kinds of research—family pedigree, twin, adoption, and molecular biology gene studies—suggest that some people inherit a predisposition to unipolar depression. Biochemical Factors: CORRECT ANSWER Low activity of two neurotransmitter chemicals, norepinephrine and serotonin, has been strongly linked to unipolar depression. Brain Anatomy and Brain Circuits: CORRECT ANSWER They have determined that emotional reactions of various kinds are tied to brain circuits—networks of brain structures that work together, triggering each other into action and producing a particular kind of emotional reaction. An array of brain-imaging studies point to several brain areas that are likely members of this circuit, including the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, and Brodmann Area 25, an area located just under the brain part called the cingulate cortex
The Immune System: CORRECT ANSWER When people are under intense stress for a while, their immune systems may become dysregulated, leading to lower functioning of important white blood cells called lymphocytes and to increased production of C- reactive protein (CRP), a protein that spreads throughout the body and causes inflammation and various illnesses Belief among some researchers that immune system dysregulation of this kind helps produce depression Heterotypic continuity: CORRECT ANSWER an underlying (developmental) process or impairment stays the same, but the manifestations do not stay the same. For example, a child with autism might first show impairments of non-verbal skills and problems in eye-contact. In a later developmental stage the manifestations would be different, such as stereotypical behavior or language problems bipolar disorder I CORRECT ANSWER has a full manic and major depressive episodes for example, weeks of mania followed by a period of wellness. bipolar disorder II CORRECT ANSWER is a type of disorder marked by mildly manic episodes and major depressive episodes. It is equally common among man and women. Onset of bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of 15-44 years. Treatment for bipolar: CORRECT ANSWER Psychotropic drugs, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and antidepressants. lithium Treatment for Depression: CORRECT ANSWER Psychological approaches: Sociocultural approaches: Biological approaches: Psychological approaches: CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive/Cognitive-behavioral therapy Sociocultural approaches: CORRECT ANSWER Interpersonal psychotherapy Biological approaches: CORRECT ANSWER Sleep deprivation (as discussed in class it produces almost immediate results) Anti-depression Drugs ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) Vagus Nerve Stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) Snake Phobia CORRECT ANSWER Therapist slowly helped patient face her phobia by showing her the snake in person Her phobia level began to decrease as time passed by and she realized the snake was not doing her any harm (she confronted what caused her phobia)
