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Protein Synthesis 2&3, Assignments of Biology

Completed Protein Synthesis class assignment taught by Dr. Sarah Bush, Biology 1500.

Typology: Assignments

2022/2023

Uploaded on 09/23/2024

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Bio 1500 Due date: see Canvas assignment
Worksheet: Protein Synthesis 2 & 3
Fill out this worksheet after you watch the recorded lectures on Translation and on the Genetic Code. Save the
worksheet on your computer for later reference. Then go to the Canvas quiz/survey and enter your answers
there for homework points.
A. Panopto Lecture Protein Synthesis Part 2: translation
1. Describe the steps of translation. What structures are required? How do they interact to make a polypeptide?
A- Ribosome binds to the bases 3 at a time. B- Transfer RNA brings the correct AAs to the ribosomes.
- Match, then the tRNA will break off to find another buddy and eventually forms the
poly peptide.
2. What is the role of the tRNA molecules?
- tRNA are built up of nucleotieds.
- Each tRNA carries ONE type of AA depending on it's anti-codon.
- tRNA whose anti-codon binds complementarily to the codon brings it's AA to the ribosome.
3. If a particular tRNA molecule has an anticodon GGA, what codon would be complementary to it?
Codon= CCU
4. Why is this stage of protein synthesis called ‘translation?’ What is being translated? What is it being
translated into?
It translates the message it recieves from mRNA on how much to make of what. Then they leave the pores and
go to the ribosomes where they attatch.
B. Panopto Lecture Protein Synthesis Part 3: the genetic code
1. Explain what the genetic code is. Name at least one misconception about the genetic code.
- System for translating information.
^ the correspondence between particular mRNA codons and amino acids
- MISCONCEPTION: The code is not the symbols used or what it translated into. Genetic code- It is the system
used to translate codons to amino acids.
2. Looking at the table of the genetic code in the video, which of the three bases in each codon is the 'least
significant.' In other words, which one could change and have the least likelihood of changing the resulting
amino acid? Or is there no difference among the three bases?
- Least significant: T
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Bio 1500 Due date: see Canvas assignment

Worksheet: Protein Synthesis 2 & 3

Fill out this worksheet after you watch the recorded lectures on Translation and on the Genetic Code. Save the worksheet on your computer for later reference. Then go to the Canvas quiz/survey and enter your answers there for homework points. A. Panopto Lecture Protein Synthesis Part 2: translation

  1. Describe the steps of translation. What structures are required? How do they interact to make a polypeptide? A- Ribosome binds to the bases 3 at a time. B- Transfer RNA brings the correct AAs to the ribosomes.
  • Match, then the tRNA will break off to find another buddy and eventually forms the poly peptide.
  1. What is the role of the tRNA molecules?
  • tRNA are built up of nucleotieds.
  • Each tRNA carries ONE type of AA depending on it's anti-codon.
  • tRNA whose anti-codon binds complementarily to the codon brings it's AA to the ribosome.
  1. If a particular tRNA molecule has an anticodon GGA, what codon would be complementary to it? Codon= CCU
  2. Why is this stage of protein synthesis called ‘translation?’ What is being translated? What is it being translated into? It translates the message it recieves from mRNA on how much to make of what. Then they leave the pores and go to the ribosomes where they attatch. B. Panopto Lecture Protein Synthesis Part 3: the genetic code
  3. Explain what the genetic code is. Name at least one misconception about the genetic code.
  • System for translating information. ^ the correspondence between particular mRNA codons and amino acids
  • MISCONCEPTION: The code is not the symbols used or what it translated into. Genetic code- It is the system used to translate codons to amino acids.
  1. Looking at the table of the genetic code in the video, which of the three bases in each codon is the 'least significant.' In other words, which one could change and have the least likelihood of changing the resulting amino acid? Or is there no difference among the three bases?
  • Least significant: T

Bio 1500 Due date: see Canvas assignment

  1. Thinking about special codons: Which is the first amino acid of all polypeptides that leave a ribosome after translation. Why?
  • AUG Methionine. 1-It initiates translation by ribosome. 2- Ribosome ignores mRNA bases preceding AUG.
  • WHY?= Any that any string of AA comes off of the ribosome is immediately going to start with AUG. B/C it starts translating once it hits AUG.
  1. Along the same lines as #3: Can you predict which one is the last one? Why or why not? UGA causes ribosome to release mRNA.
  2. Which thought or idea is described by the so called central dogma of molecular biology? What does it mean?
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows from DNA (genes) to mRNA through the process of transcription, and then to proteins through the process of translation. -Flow of information: DNA--> RNA -->Protein
  • It could always work backwards ( a possibility)
  1. What is the function of transcription? Answer: the process of copying out the DNA sequence of a gene in the similar alphabet of RNA. What is the function of translation? Answer: to make proteins with genetic information carries by mRNA What is the function of protein synthesis? Answer: Converting information from the DNA sequence to the RNA then creating AA sequence for proteins.
  • Converting information from one to another.
  1. Think about the fact that your body contains about 100,000 different proteins, all of which can be encoded by simply rearranging 4 letters (i.e. bases) of DNA. Does this amaze you, at least a little bit? - Yes! there are so many steps. It is shocking how simple this process is with just 4 letters and create so many different proteins in our bodies.