Download Research Methods in Nursing: Understanding Different Study Designs and Types and more Quizzes Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Prospect
Looking into the future Example: kids with obesity study them 5 years from now and they have heart disease, and other related health issues TERM 2
Retrospect (Cohort)
DEFINITION 2 Looking at the past chart reviews, auditsFrequent Flyers to the Emergency Room look at their charts to see how many times the actually have been there. TERM 3
Longitudinal Study
DEFINITION 3 is a correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time
- often many decades.Looking at Individuals over a time period 1yr. 2yr. 3yr. 4yr. TERM 4
Cross sectional study
DEFINITION 4 form a class of research methods that involve observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time.groups over time. makes inferences over time. TERM 5
Cross sectional sampling
DEFINITION 5 Make Interferences of Groups overtime
Qualitative Study
In the social sciences, research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.Subjective- not measurable- not used in evidence based practiceusually 6-10 sample sizenot good enough tools to measure ex: caring, nausea, what they feel.more holostic views of the world. Describes life experiences and how they feel TERM 7
Tuskegee Study 1932
DEFINITION 7 Syphillis was given to patients that were not informed and when treatment was found (penicillin) patients did not receive it. They held the penicillin. TERM 8
Purpose/causes of Nursing
Research
DEFINITION 8 DescribeExplainPredictControl The purpose is to examine, explain, describe study TERM 9
ADN roles in
Research
DEFINITION 9 assist with identification of problems TERM 10
BSN Roles in
Research
DEFINITION 10 Critique findings and use the findings in practice
1970s
Anyone could Research anybody without anything or anyone knowing TERM 17
Nuremberg Code
DEFINITION 17 AutonomyBenefienceJusticeEthical code of conduct to guide investigators in conducting research ethically.took individuals who were doing experiments to trial. Have to have consent TERM 18
ANA Standards
DEFINITION 18 State self determination- privacy, confidentiality, fair treatment, protect from harm, diminished autonomy, protect human rights TERM 19
Benefience/respect/justice
DEFINITION 19 Do no harm, respect people, treat the wayyou want to be treated.rules & regulations, HIPPA, informed consent DHHS/HIPPA TERM 20
Types of Research
studies
DEFINITION 20 Quantitative Correlational Quasi Experimental Experimental
Experimental
# controlled by IRB study TERM 22
Quasi- Experimental
DEFINITION 22 Does not have any control over outcome NO control group or assignment Examines relationships The design of a relates to a particular type of experiment or other study in which one has little or no control over the allocation of the treatments or other factors being studied. TERM 23
Correlational
DEFINITION 23 Systematic relationshipsmeans discovers new meaning, frequency when something occurs. TERM 24
Quantitative
DEFINITION 24 formal, objective, systematic process used to describe variables, test relationships between them, and examine cause-and effect interactions among variables. Reality can be defined by measurementsample size at least 30 TERM 25
Hawthorne Effect
DEFINITION 25 is a form of reactivity whereby subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they know they are being studied, not in response to any particular experimental manipulation.Might tell you what you want to hear instead of the facts. Any and all research people are affected by being the research subject.
Grounded Theory
is a systematic methodology in the social sciences involving the discovery of theory through the analysis of data The problem identifies the are of concern and the purpose indicates the focus of the theory to be developed. What's going on?theory and how it relates to a persons statue- to give some knowledge based to theories that have never been looked at before. looking at nursing theory itself TERM 32
Historical
DEFINITION 32 is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. Where we have been? Who we are? Where are we going? examines events of the past. Increased self- understanding of the Nursing profession. Questions do not change only the answers. Most data come from archives, letters, memos, hand-written. Things before were not thought to be important. TERM 33
Literature Review
DEFINITION 33 is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Identifys Gaps in knowledge TERM 34
P Value
DEFINITION 34 In statistical significance testing, the is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. TERM 35
NOVA
DEFINITION 35 A tool that measures the differences in 3 or more variables
T-Test
any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. 2 or more variables TERM 37
ANOVA
DEFINITION 37 analysis of variance staistical test used to examine differences among two or more groups by comparing the variability between two groups with the variability within each group. TERM 38
Gestalt Ah Ha!
DEFINITION 38 Organization of knowledge about a particular phenomenon into a cluster of linked ideas; the clustering and interrlatedness enhance the meaning of the ideas. TERM 39
Hypotheses Types
DEFINITION 39 Associative Causal Nova Simple Complex Non-directional Directional Null TERM 40
Associative hypothesis
DEFINITION 40 identifies variables that occur or exist together in the real world, such that when one variable changes, the other changes
Problem statement
Statement that concludes the discussion of a problem and indicates the gap in the knowledge needed for practice usually provides a basis for the study purpose. TERM 47
Population
DEFINITION 47 All elements (people, objects, events, or substances) that meet the sample criteria for inclusion in a study: sometimes referred to as a target population. TERM 48
Sample
DEFINITION 48 In statistics, is a subset of a population that is selected from a study. Typically, the population is very large, making a census or a complete enumeration of all the values in the population impractical or impossible. TERM 49
Subjects
DEFINITION 49 Individuals participating in a study (those being studied) TERM 50
Convience Sampling
DEFINITION 50 Including subjects in the study who happened to be in the right place at the right time, with addition of available subjects until the desired sample size is reached. Also referred to as accidental sampling.
Random Sampling
Technique in which every member (element) of the population has a probability higher than zero for being selected for a sample, which increases the samples representativeness of the target population. TERM 52
Primary Source of Literature
DEFINITION 52 Source whose author originated or is responsible for generating the ideas published. TERM 53
Secondary Source of Literature
DEFINITION 53 Source whose author summarizes or quotes content from primary sources. TERM 54
Experimental Study
DEFINITION 54 Objective, systematic, controlled investigation to examine probability and causality among selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena.highly controlled, objective, to predict and control, highly randomULTIMATE STUDY!!!!! details on researchone med, one placebo, one control. uses IRB'S TERM 55
Quasi-Experimental
DEFINITION 55 Type of quantitative research conducted to explain relationships, clarify why certain events happen, and examine causality between selected independent and dependent variables.no control group, random assigned group,precisely defined variables, controlled environment
Validity
Extent to which an instrument accurately reflects the abstract construct (or concept) being examined TERM 62
internal
validity
DEFINITION 62 occurs when a researcher controls all extraneous variables and the only variable influencing the results of a study is the one being manipulated by the researcher. This means that the variable the researcher intended to study is indeed the one affecting the results and not some other, unwanted variables. TERM 63
External Validity
DEFINITION 63 involves the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized (applied) beyond the sample.How true it is, What you want to test TERM 64
Generalizability
DEFINITION 64 is a statistical framework for conceptualizing, investigating, and designing reliable observations. Apply findings to population TERM 65
Central tendency
DEFINITION 65 Statistical procedures (mode, median, and mean) for determining the center of a distribution of scores.
Control Group
The group of elements or subjects not exposed to the experimental treatment in a study in which the sample is randomly selected. rules to decrease TERM 67
Applied
Research
DEFINITION 67 (practical) scientific investigations conducted to generate knowledge that will directly influence clinical practice research we use in practice TERM 68
Basic
Research
DEFINITION 68 (pure) Scientific investigations for the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge sake or for the pleasure of learning and finding truth. TERM 69
Research Question
DEFINITION 69 Concise interrogative statement developed to direct a study; focuses on describing variables, examining relationships among variables, and determining the differences between two or more groups. What do you want to know? TERM 70
Hypothesis
DEFINITION 70 Formal statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables in a specified population.what you think is going to happen. there is a difference
Nondirectional hypothesis
states that a relationship exist but does not predict the exact nature of the relationship. TERM 77
Assumptions about Qualatative
Research
DEFINITION 77 That there are multiple realities " each individuals views"The know and the known are inseperable. If you know what is going on you are the know and know what is going on.bound by time and place TERM 78
Inquirey
DEFINITION 78 value based. Every bit of information is worthwhile. Collect everything we can. TERM 79
Qualitative Problems and Purposes
DEFINITION 79 problem- to identify areas of concern. To learn insight or new understanding or improve comprehension.purpose- to improve understanding. TERM 80
Three Education Theories from
Phenomenological approach
DEFINITION 80 1.Parses Theory of man-living health2. Watsons Theory of Caring3. Benners Novice to Expert
Two Approaches to Ethnographic
- Emic- study of beliefs within the culture2. Etic- outside the culture TERM 82
Two types of Historical
DEFINITION 82
- Primary- from the horses mouth. Autobiography.2. Secondary- somewhere else. secondary biography TERM 83
External Critism
DEFINITION 83 determines validity. who, what, when, where will determine if info is valid or not. TERM 84
Internal Critism
DEFINITION 84 biast of the researcher. May not see if biast, if I am doing it myself. Looking with shaded eyes. May interfere with what we see or will ask. TERM 85
Sample Size Qualatitative
DEFINITION 85 scopenaturequality of datastudy designdoes the subjects have experiences to be studied? purposive/judgemental/selectivenetwork/snowball- word of mouth research. freq use people that would not normally be used ex: abused, transgender, etc.
EBP
Evidence Based Practice- proof/ facts that prove statemnts to be true.ex: laying infants on back reduces SIDSQuantitative TERM 92
concept/conceptual model
DEFINITION 92 less abstractbroadly explains phenomen TERM 93
feasibility for study
DEFINITION 93 money, supplies, subjects, time, ethical issues TERM 94
Snowball sampling
DEFINITION 94 Qualatitativeto find subjects that would not normally be found TERM 95
conceptual verses operational
DEFINITION 95 nonexperimental designsno control group nothing to compareconceptual (BROAD) ex: walkingoperational (WHAT YOU WANT TO DO) ex: walk 2 miles, no hills, flat ground
Environmental Variables
weather, temp in room, noise, light, cold. Things that can be controlled in the environment TERM 97
Extraneous Variables
DEFINITION 97 interferes with understanding of whats going on. Ex: would not use pt with abdominal surgery to test incentive spirometerused in controlled setting not for quasi-exp TERM 98
Experimental Designs
DEFINITION 98 pretest/posttestpost test onlysingle pre/post TERM 99
HAWTHORNE EFFECT
DEFINITION 99 groups may answer with answers they think you want TERM 100
compounding variables
DEFINITION 100 things you don't know about, can't be controlled.
