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Detailed information on the proper techniques and precautions to be taken when performing venipuncture and dermal puncture for specimen collection. It covers the necessary supplies, the correct procedures for both venipuncture and dermal puncture, and the potential complications that may arise. The document also discusses special considerations for pediatric and geriatric patients, as well as patients with intravenous lines or vascular access devices. Additionally, it covers the different types of urine specimens and the proper labeling guidelines for specimen collection. This comprehensive guide is essential for healthcare professionals involved in the collection and handling of patient specimens to ensure accurate and safe procedures.
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Questions And Answers 2024
needle, contam- ination, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Insti- into subsequent tubes. As a result, the tute (CLSI) has developed a standard order of draw for multitube draws. This applies to both syringe samples and multi-sample needle draws.
Yellow, Light Blue, Red, Gold, Green, Lavender, Gray
Procedure Manual
identify
diagnosis, termi- nation
name, DOB, ID
Questions And Answers 2024
tray, Tourniquet, Sharps, 70%
collapse, syringe, transfer device
hub, sleeve
barrel, Plunger
Questions And Answers 2024 Capillary/Dermal Puncture:
Child younger than 1 year
and lateral borders of the surface of the heel
For older infants, the may be used if an alter- native site is needed
Depth: 2.0 mm
Premature infants or neonates
and lateral borders of the surface of the heel
Puncture is made to the heel lines
Depth: 0.65-0.85 mm or 0.35-1.6 mm (McCall, p. 311)
is painful inflammation of the bone or cartilage
is a potentially fatal bone infection
Medial, plantar, big toe
Medial, plantar, perpendicular
bone
age
Osteochondritis
Osteomyelitis
order, capillary, Identify, prepared, equipment, hands
Questions And Answers 2024 contains all the necessary information. If any part of the order is unclear, contact the appropriate person for confirmation. (Be sure to note on the requisition that you are performing a collection.)
age, blood flow, alcohol, lancet, blade
first, tube, pres- sure, choking, La- bel
Questions And Answers 2024
tourniquet, order of draw, safe- ty, Discard, label,
Questions And Answers 2024 applicable.
air, anchor, 30, plunger, safety
slowly and gently until the syringe
evacuated, trans- fer, handling, stopped, gloves
Questions And Answers 2024 sample and interfere with results of certain tests, such as bilirubin, , and phosphorous tests.
selection - This from which a specimen is col- lected may cause interference as well. The following should be avoided when performing venipunctures:
Site, Hematoma, mastectomy, IV, distal
o H - Test results may be altered cause blood drawn from this is not as fresh as venous blood. o The side of the body that has undergone - lymph stasis here can affect test results o (abbrev.) sites - when possible, avoid drawing blood from an arm that has this in place. If no alternate site is available, be sure to perform specimen collec- tion from a site that is to (or below) this thing. The 5 mL of blood should be discarded to prevent interference by medications and fluids
Specimen - Collecting specimens in the correct tubes and following the proper will help to prevent contamination or interference. It is also important to ensure the correct sample v and to invert tubes properly.
application - Tying this too tightly can result in h n or an increase in the proportion of cells to plasma. This can affect many results, including plas- ma proteins, enzymes, (abbrev.) counts, iron and potassium levels, among others. To prevent is, release the tourniquet as soon as blood begins to in the
Collection, order of draw, volume
Tourniquet, hemoconcentra- tion, RBC, flow
Questions And Answers 2024 first tube, and never leave it in place for longer than 1 minute
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS o Physiological needs - It is important to keep in mind that children have a much lower total volume than adults. To prevent cardiac arrest and iatrogenic anemia, pediatric patients should not have more than % of their blood drawn within a 24-hour period. o Psychological needs - Children may often experi- ence anxiety and f when undergoing medical pro- cedures. Excessive crying can alter blood test results, specifically affecting (abbrev.) count and blood pH levels. It is important to always calm pediatric patients, explain procedures, and involve the p whenever possible. Anesthetics, most commonly (abbrev. for eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) may be useful in numbing venipuncture sites before the procedure.
GERIATRIC PATIENTS o Physical changes - Reduction in the collagen and elasticity in the skin of geriatric patients can lead to easy bruising and longer c times. o Other considerations - Geriatric patients may ex- perience other disorders that should be taken into consideration when performing specimen collection,
blood, 5%, fear, WBC, parents, EMLA
coagulation, Parkinson's, ID, dermal, tourniquet, anchored
such as hearing loss, visual impairment, P ease, arthritis, or dementia.
dis-
Guidelines for collecting specimens from geriatric pa- tients o Be sure to identify the patient using his/her
Questions And Answers 2024 common UA ( ). C&S (culture and sensitivity) testing is used for UTI symptoms and must be a clean catch specimen. Drug screening is a sample in a clean covered container.
A major drawback of a 24-hour urine collection is patient - often patients get tired of participating and the entire test is then null and void. Pregnancy testing is used to identify the presence of usually present in body after 10 days post conception. - specimen is preferred.
voided specimen, also known as random urine specimen, is collected for urinalysis. No special mea- sures are required. It can be collected at any time.
specimens are specimens that are collected at specific times.
Timed - specimens are samples collected over a period of 24 hours in a single container to provide one large specimen. The patient discards the -
cooperation, HCG, First-morning
Regular
Timed
First-morning, concentration
24-hour, first-morning
Questions And Answers 2024 urine. He or she then collects all urine samples for the next 24 hours, ending with the first urine the following morning (or at the same time that the patient started testing the previous day.)
, clean catch specimen is the most common pro- cedure for urine collection. The area around the ure- thra is cleaned with alcohol towelettes. The patient then voids some urine into the toilet and begins filling the specimen cup midstream. This produces a sterile specimen used for testing to determine if the patient has a UTI.
specimens are collected through use of a catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder
Suprapubic specimens, or collections, can only be performed by a physician. These samples are collected through the use of a needle inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the.
Midstream, culture and sensitivity
Catharized
suprapubic aspira- tion, bladder
fecal, occult
Semen, sexual, mine the effectiveness of a vasectomy, or for forensic body analysis as part of a rape kit. (When being used for the latter, specially trained personnel collect the sample.) Patients are advised to abstain from activity or ejaculation for 3 days prior to the specimen collection. For collection, the sample is ejaculated into a sterile
Questions And Answers 2024
amniotic sac, am- niocentesis, fetus
the.
Syncope - Sudden can occur during specimen collection. Therefore, communication is essential be- tween the phlebotomist and the patient. If syncope is a known possibility, draw blood in a (lying) position. Do not turn your back on the patient and stay with the patient for at least 15 minutes after the blood collection to assure the patient's safety. If syncope occurs during collection, the draw immediately following proper procedure and call for assistance.
fainting, recum- bent, end
Hematoma, bend- ing, tourniquet
Questions And Answers 2024 Possible Complications Occurring with Specimen Collection:
Petechiae, blood, tourniquet
bleeding, thinner, elderly
Excessive - Coagulation times may vary if the patient is on a blood. Be sure to apply appropriate pressure for a longer period of time for patients taking anticoagulants. Physical changes in patients lead to longer healing times, requiring pressure to be ap- plied for longer periods for these patients after needle withdrawal as well.
Hemoconcentra- tion, tourniquet
Hemolysis, red, vein
Questions And Answers 2024
1 hr (no fasting)
1 tube
Screening for
Fasting, 1 hr, 2 hr, and 3 hr
4 tubes
Screening for
Fasting, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, and 5 hr
6 tubes
Screening for
(LTT) - This is used to determine if lactase is present in the patient's digestive system. This test follows the same procedures as the GTT, but the pa- tient must drink rather than glucose.
(BT) - A BT test is performed on the forearm and uses a blood pressure cuff inflated to 40 mm Hg. Phlebotomist will use an automated incision device to puncture skin and will use to blot the blood drops. This is a timed test and the phlebotomist will blot blood every 30 seconds until patient stops bleeding.
Gestational Dia- betes
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Lactose Tolerance Test, lactose
Bleeding Time Test, filter paper
Questions And Answers 2024
A DNA test is done by swabbing the inside of the cheek - also known as a.
For instance, patients tend to have a longer bleed- ing time and may require pressure to be applied for at least 2 minutes. Patients taking a or who are on an aspirin regimen may require additional pressure at the puncture site. In any case, continue to apply pressure until the bleeding has.
buccal swab
stops, pressure, 5, Bandages
elderly, anticoagu- lants, stopped
specimen labeling, labels
immediately after, room, date, initials