Download Problem Solving Flowcharts and more Exercises Geometry in PDF only on Docsity!
Aim: In this lesson, you will learn:
To draw a flowchart for problem solving.
Some uses of flowchart.
7. Flowchart
Tejas: We visited a computer exhibition for school students. We saw a super computer, demonstration
of many uses of computer and many interesting applications.
Jyoti: In one of the stalls, we could enter any number as input and the computer was displaying the
multiplication table of the number. The picture shown above was used by the person at the stall,
to explain the sequence of steps followed by the computer, to display the table.
Jyoti: We observed that those who did not know about computers and programming could also
understand what was explained by the picture.
Moz: This picture is called a flowchart. One of the uses of flowchart is to describe the sequence
of steps and logic of solving a problem, before writing a computer program. Flowchart also helps
in communicating the steps of the solution to others.
Tejas: I see that various geometrical shapes are used in this representation. We are eager to learn
about flowcharts.
Moz: Let us start with a simple example. Look at the following flowchart of adding two natural
numbers A and B. Let us discuss the problem solution and the geometrical shapes used.
End
Start
NETWORKING
No
value of count^ Add 1 to the current
Start Read Numbe N r
Count = 1
Print N x Count
Yes
Stop
IsCount = 10
Flowchart of multiplication table for a given number N Flowchart for a
Jyoti: Start and also end of the flowchart are shown with an ellipse.
Moz: A flowchart should give a clear indication as to where the problem solving flow starts and
where it ends. The start of a problem solving process and the end are indicated using the ellipse.
Tejas: Our goal is addition of two given numbers. So, first we identify the data that is given.
In this problem we have the two numbers A and B. Reading their values are represented by
parallelograms.
Moz: Right. What would you call reading in values in computer terms?
Jyoti: Input.
Moz: The data or information that is available, (which is called input ) is represented using a
parallelogram in the flowchart.
Moz: What is the next step?
Tejas: The next step is to add the numbers, which is called processing in computer terms. We
learned this term in “Inside computer” lesson. The details of processing of data is represented
in a rectangle.
Moz: Correct.
Jyoti: The next step is to write the result of the addition, which is output in computer terms. This
is also specified in a parallelogram.
Moz: Right. A parallelogram is used to specify both input and output in a flowchart. What else do
you notice in the flowchart?
Tejas: An arrow points from one step to the next step in the flowchart.
Moz: In a flowchart arrows are used to connect the steps in a sequence and show the flow of the
problem solving process.
Jyoti: We learnt step by step thinking to solve a problem in Level III. Using flowcharts we can show
the sequence of these steps.
Moz: Yes. The step by step method of solving the problem is specified using a flowchart. This
helps you to be clear about the input, procedure and output. It also helps you to communicate the
solution.
Start
Finding sum of 845 and 247
A= 845
B= 247
Sum= 845+ 247
Sum= 1092
End
Start
End
Read A
Read B
Print Sum
Sum = A + B
Flowchart - How to find sum of two numbers
Jyoti: If the answer is “Yes”, it means that selling price is more than the cost price and Savani has
made profit. Profit is calculated as Selling price – Cost price.
Moz: Good. You have used logical reasoning to solve this problem. Now complete the flowchart.
Tejas: If the answer is “No”, it means that cost price is less than selling price and Savani has made
loss. Loss is calculated as Cost price – Selling price.
Flowchart - How to find profit or loss.
Finding profit or loss when CP = 325 and SP = 458
Start
Read CP= Read SP= 458
Condition: Is 458 > 325? Profit= 458-
End
Profit= Rs. 133
Profit = SP - CP
Is SP > CP?
Yes
No
Profit = SP - CP
Loss = CP - SP
Is SP > CP?
Yes
No
This is a decision structure.
This is a sequence.
Start
End
Read Cost price (CP) Read Selling price (SP)
Print Loss^ Print Profit
Profit = SP - CP
Loss = CP - SP
Is SP > CP?
Yes
No
Info
Moz: Suppose you have to write a Scratch program using the flowchart that you have just drawn.
Can you do it now?
Tejas: Yes. We can!
Jyoti: This is great. We can also plan a computer program using flowcharts.
Jyoti: Sometimes we need to repeat a sequence. How do we represent this in the flowchart?
Moz: Let us consider the multiplication table flowchart that you saw at the exhibition. See how
repetition is represented in a flowchart. This is also called a loop.
Multiplication table of 12
Start
N = 12
Count =
12 * 1 = 12 Count = 1+1 = 2 12 * 2 = 24 Count = 2+1 = 3 ...... Count = 9+1 = 10 12 * 10 = 120
Count =
End
Flowchart of multiplication table for a given number N
Flowchart symbols Geometric shape Purpose Ellipse Ellipse is used to indicate the start and end of a flowchart. Start written in the ellipse indicates the beginning of a flowchart. End or Stop or Exit written in the ellipse indicates the end of the flowchart. Parallelogram A parallelogram is used to read data (input) or to print data (output). Rectangle A rectangle is used to show the processing that takes place in the flowchart. Diamond A diamond with two branches is used to show the decision making step in a flowchart. A question is specified in the diamond. The next step in the sequence is based on the answer to the question which is “Yes” or “No”. Arrows Arrows are used to connect the steps in a flowchart, to show the flow or sequence of the problem solving process
Yes
No
Start of the sequence to be repeated.
Arrow connects to the start of the sequence to be repeated
Start
End
Read number N
Print count times N = Multiple
Count = 1
Multiple = N x Count
Add 1 to the current value of count
Is Count = 10
Yes
No
This is a loop.
Flowchart symbols and their purpose
Flowchart - Snakes and Ladder game
Jyoti: N is the number for which we have to find the factorial.
At the start of the loop
We start with F =1 and M =1. Since we have to start with 1 multiplied by 2 we add 1 to M. Current value of F which is equal to 1 is multiplied by 2. The result of this multiplication is equal to 2. Since M is less than N we enter the loop again with current value of F=2. Next we add 1 to M which becomes 3. Current value of F which is equal to 2 is multiplied by 3. The result of this multiplication is equal to 6. Since M is less than N we enter the loop again with current value of F = 6. Moz: Good. Now let us consider a game. Do you know the game of snakes and ladders? Tejas: Yes. Moz: Ok. Draw a flowchart to show how the game is played. Tejas and Jyoti draw this flowchart.
Throw the dice
Give dice to next player
Move the coin
Slide down to the tail of the snake
Move up the ladder
You are the winner
Yes
Yes
No
Start
End
No
No
Yes
Landed on snake head?
Landed on the bottom of the ladder?
Reached the last block of the game?
Uses of flowchart: Graphical representation of instructions- for example games, building models etc. Tejas: The flowchart itself can be put into the box of the game so that those who want to play know the rules of the game and can easily understand how they win. Moz: We have seen some examples where flowcharts are used. There are many more uses of flowcharts and they can be used whenever you feel that you can communicate better with this graphical representation.
Tejas: We are eager to learn another programming language. Moz: Sure. Next you will be learning BASIC where you can use some of the flowcharts that you have drawn in this lesson. Chin Chinaki...
- Communicating ideas.
- Show the logic of classification of data.
- To teach and also to learn.
Other uses of flowchart
Info
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
- List some uses of flowchart.
- List the steps to be followed while drawing a flow chart and apply it to draw a flow chart.
- Recognise various structures like sequence, selection and repetition in a flowchart.
Lesson Outcome
Playing snakes and ladders between two players
Start Throw the dice: the number indicated by dice is 3. Move the coin: through 3 blocks on the board. Landed on snake head?: No. Landed on the bottom of the ladder?: Yes (See the snakes and ladders board given). Move up the ladder: reached block 14 on the board. Reached the last block of the game?: No. Give dice to next player. Enter the loop till the last block of the game is reached. End
Decision
Yes
No
Questiton? (^) Loop
Process
Yes
Questiton? No
Sequence
Process
Yes
Questiton?No
Start
End
Level VI Lesson 7^ WORKSHEETS
4. The following flowchart classifies animals as herbivore or carnivore. Lion is a meat eating
animal. Elephants eat only plants. Study the flowchart and answer the questions.
a. Indicate each element of the flowchart by putting ‘I’ for input, ‘O’ for output, ‘D’ for
decision in the circles provided next to the boxes.
b. Put a rectangle around the decision structure.
Hint: See page .... in the lesson. (Page no to be put.)
c. What is the condition which classifies an animal as carnivore?
d. Write the Execution steps if the input is a Lion.
e. What is the condition which classifies an animal as herbivore?
f. Write the Execution steps if the input is an elephant.
Start
End
Read the name of the animal.
Print Herbivore. Print Carnivore.
Does it eat only plants?
Yes
No
Level VI Lesson^ WORKSHEETS
Start
Read A, B, C
Sum A + B + C
Average = Sum/
Print Average
End
a. Sweta, who scores 60 marks in Science, 70 marks
in mathematics and 75 marks in English. Use the
adjacent flowchart and provide the execution steps
in calculating the average marks of Sweta. The first
step is given.
60, 70, 75
a.
b.
c. Is Sweta awarded a star? Yes or No?
Ans:
d. Marks of two more students are given below. Study it and fillin the blanks with the average marks of
each student and whether the student is awarded a star or not.
i. Riya’s average is. So she is a star.
ii. Suman’s average is. So she is a star.
b. A student whose average marks is above 75 is awarded
a star. Fill in the following phrases in the flowchart
for finding if a student gets a star or not.
Yes,
No,
Award a star,
Do better to get a star,
Is average greater than 75.
5. A, B, C are the marks scored by a student in Science, Mathematics and English. Refer the
flowchart and answer the questions.
Science Mathematics English Riya 75 80 72 Suman 72 70 82
Level VI Lesson 7^ WORKSHEETS
8. Frame a question( Hint: Try to make a question, which will have the answer given below)
For example: The answer given is:
Some of the boxes of different shapes used in a flowchart are
The question can be:
Draw some of the symbols used in a flowchart?
Now frame a question for each of the answers given below:
a. The answer given is: In a flowchart, we use a rectangular box to represent a process.
The question can be:
b. The answer given is : In a repetition structure, the process is repeated till the condition is satisfied.
The question can be:
c. The answer given is : The decision structure has two branches, Yes or No.
The question can be:
7. The following flowchart gives the steps followed while taking attendance in a class. Three
arrows and a loop are missing. Complete the flowchart as follows:
a. Draw the three missing arrows and loop at the correct place.
b. Label the decision arrows with yes or no.
Start
End
Call out name
Mark present in the register
Mark absent in the register
Did you hear present?
Is it the last name?
Level VI Lesson 7^ WORKSHEETS
9. There are four types of fruits Apples, Oranges, Bananas and Grapes. Each student can pick
up two fruits. There are some conditions which have to be used to pick up the fruits. Draw a
flow chart which can take the name of first fruit as an input and print the names of second
fruit or fruits that can be picked up. The conditions are:
- If you pick an apple you can pick banana.
- If you pick orange you can pick grapes.
- If you pick grapes you can pick banana.
Hint: There will be one input box to read the first
fruit, three decision boxes and four output boxes in the
flowchart.
ACTIVITY (^) Level VI Lesson 7
1. Select one of the games given below from GCompris and draw a flowchart to explain the rules of the
game.
- Memory games with images
- Image name (drag and drop each item above its name)
- Numbers with dice 2. Use one of the following applications- open office draw or Kivio (available for Linux) or Diagram Ring
(available for Windows)- to draw a flow chart for the above using the computer.
Group Activity
3. Play Computer Class:
Divide the class into four teams- INPUT DATA, OPERATIONS, DECISION, and OUTPUT. Nominate one person from input and output team to play the role of start and end box respectively. Each group has a set task to perform based on instructions given to them by another team.
For example: Let the situation be to purchase a birthday for your friend.
Start
You are invited by friend
to a birthday party
Is the gift chosen
within your budget?
Yes
Purchase the gift
Visit a gift shop
and select a gift
End
ACTIVITY Level VI Lesson
ExplExpl rere (^) 1. E
Project
- a. Input, output and decision phrases are given in the table given below. Note that one input phrase corresponds
to one flowchart. Draw three flow charts using the phrases in the table for the following: i. A flowchart which conveys the rules in AWARE. ii. A flowchart which conveys Accept rule of SMART. iii. A flowchart which conveys Meet rule of SMART.
b. There are three more rules of SMART which are Safety, Reliability, and Tell. Draw a flowchart for each of these
rules by creating the phrases on your own. Compare your flowcharts with other groups in the class.
c. The teacher can evaluate and select the flowcharts that can be converted to posters for SMART and AWARE
and put them up for display.
Input phrases Decision phrases Output phrases An image to be used in presentation.
Is permission given to use image? Is it from a resource with Creative commons (CC)? Is the image copyrighted?
Take permission. Acknowledge use of image. Do not use the image.
New Email in inbox Is the mail from a friend? Is it marked SPAM in Subject of mail?
Delete mail. Might have virus. Do not open. Read the mail Online request to meet Is the Meet request from friend? Meet the person. Meet in the presence of an adult family member.
You can give one the following situations for students to work through the process of flow chart. i. A wired telephone in your house rings and you have to attend the call. ii. You visit a pediatrician for check up. iii. You go to a post office with a note of Rupees 10 to purchase stamps worth Rupees 5.
