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The term 'angle of attack' is defined as the angle - ✔✔between the wing chord line and the relative wind. The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is known as the angle of - ✔✔attack. Angle of attack is defined as the angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the
- ✔✔direction of the relative wind. Name a statement that relates to Bernoulli's principal? - ✔✔Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.
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The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are - ✔✔lift, weight, thrust, and drag What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane? - ✔✔To control yaw. What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight? - ✔✔Lift equals weight and thrust equals drag. When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium? - ✔✔During un- accelerated flight. An airplane said to be inherently stable will - ✔✔require less effort to control. What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane? - ✔✔The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift.
Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight? - ✔✔Turns. What force makes an airplane turn? - ✔✔The horizontal component of lift. During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to - ✔✔stall at a higher airspeed. Select the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft - ✔✔straight and level flight, turns, climbs, and descents. If an emergency situation requires a downwind landing, pilots should expect a faster - ✔✔ground speed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point.
When executing an emergency approach to land in a single-engine airplane, it is important to maintain a constant glide speed because variations in glide speed - ✔✔nullify all attempts at accuracy in judgement of gliding distance and landing spot. As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will - ✔✔remain the same regardless of altitude. During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled? - ✔✔Both wings are stalled, left slightly more then the right but you must remember both are stalled. The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will - ✔✔remain the same regardless of gross weight. One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to - ✔✔increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed.
What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect? - ✔✔Induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating. When landing behind a large aircraft, what procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance? - ✔✔Stay above its final approach flight path all the way to touchdown. How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip? - ✔✔Outward, upward, and around each tip. When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to - ✔✔sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence. Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is - ✔✔developing lift.
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is - ✔✔heavy, clean, and slow. Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to - ✔✔sink below the aircraft generating turbulence. The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a - ✔✔light, quartering tailwind. When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying - ✔✔above the large aircraft's final approach path and landing beyond the large aircraft's touchdown point. When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft - ✔✔above and upwind from the heavy aircraft.
If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine - ✔✔cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position. The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the - ✔✔difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet. The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to - ✔✔decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density. While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?
- ✔✔The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean. During the run-up at a high-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most
logical initial action? - ✔✔Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture. If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be - ✔✔loss of RPM. The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting - ✔✔a decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM. Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing? - ✔✔Temperature between 20 and 70 degrees F. and high humidity. The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temp. is as - ✔✔high as 70 degrees F. and the relative humidity is high.
If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause - ✔✔detonation. Detonation may occur at high-power settings when - ✔✔the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly. Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when - ✔✔the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally. The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as - ✔✔pre-ignition. What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available? - ✔✔The next higher octane aviation gas.
Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will - ✔✔prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks. To properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with fuel tanks sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the - ✔✔fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps. If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to - ✔✔lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed. Excessively high engine temperatures will - ✔✔cause the loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb? - ✔✔Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed. What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating? - ✔✔Enrichen the fuel mixture. The most important rule to remember in the event of a power failure after becoming airborne is to - ✔✔immediately established the proper gliding attitude and airspeed. How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller? - ✔✔The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM.
What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller? - ✔✔Permits the pilot to select the blade angel for the most efficient performance. A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to - ✔✔avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM. In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane? - ✔✔Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack. The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the - ✔✔propeller blade descending on the right, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left. When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left? - ✔✔When at high angles of attack.
If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be affected? - ✔✔The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator. The pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument? - ✔✔Airspeed indicator. Which V-speed represents maneuvering speed? - ✔✔Va What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent? - ✔✔Never-exceed speed Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest distance during climb after takeoff? - ✔✔Vx
After takeoff, which airspeed would the pitot use to gain the most altitude in a given period of time? - ✔✔Vy What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators? - ✔✔Maneuvering speed. What V-speed represents maximum flap extended speed? - ✔✔Vfe Which V-speed represents maximum landing gear extended speed? - ✔✔Vle Vso is defined as the - ✔✔stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. If an altimeter setting is not available before flight, to which altitude should the pilot adjust the altimeter? - ✔✔The elevation of the departure area,
