Prepladder Rapid Revision of PSM, Summaries of Preventive medicine

Download Prepladder Rapid Revision of PSM and more Summaries Preventive medicine in PDF only on Docsity!

Live Killed Toxoids Proteinaceous Recombinant Combination

® 16–24 Months : DPT , OPV Booster, MeaslesB 2 /MR 2 , JE 2

® 9 m : Measles /MR 1 1 , Vitamin A (1 Lac IU), PCV Booster, JE 1

Classification of Vaccines

BCG IPV Tetanus HPV MMR

Vaccines & Cold Chain

YF Hep A Pentavalent

Rota Virus Glycoconjugate

MMR HiB Zoster Pneumococcal

® 14 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , Rota V , fIPV , PCV 3 3 3 3 2 2

® Every 6 Months : Vitamin A (2 Lacs IU) till 5 years

Varicella Polysaccharide & DPT

OPV Rabies Diphtheria Pertussis Hep B MR (Measles Rubella)

® At Birth : BCG, OPV (^0) ,Hep B

Typhoral Meningococcal

® 10 Years : TT

® 6 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , HiB , Rota V , fIPV , PCV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

NIS(National Immunization Schedule, India 2019-20)

® 10 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , HiB , Rota V 2 2 2 2 2

® 5 Years : DPTB

® TT → To be replaced with dt

® 16 Years :^ TT ® Pregnancy : TT

® Total Vit A given under NIS is 17 Lac IU.

prepared from circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum using HBsAg)

® Most important component of cold chain

® Anthrax → Sterne strain

® Mosquirix → RTS,S/AS01 (World's first & only licensed malaria vaccine. It is

Cold Chain

® Typhoral → Tyz21a

® It can maintains temp for 24-48 hrs

temperature -15° to -25° C

® HIV → mvA (Modified vaccinia ancara)

® Also used for making icepacks & storing OPVs for long term (>3 months) at

® It is maintenance of temperature of vaccine from point of manufacturing to point

ILR (Ice Lined Refrigerator)

of administration.

® If there is no electricity it can maintain temperature of all vaccine for upto 5 days

Vaccine Carrier

® Dengvaxia → CYD – TDV

® Temperature:+2° to +8°C

® Kept at PHC ® Vaccines can be stored for upto 1 month

® Used to transport from PHC to site of immunization and sub-centers ® It is non-electronic instrument with 4 ice packs inside it. ® Max 16-20 vaccine vials can be kept inside it.

® Minimum electricity required per day is 8 hours

Fully Frozen Ice Pack → Fill water upto horizontal mark with plain tap water

→ 2 vaccines are kept in two holes inside the ice pack

® Alcohol stamp thermometer is more sensitive but dial thermometer is more easy to use.

Reverse Cold Chain

® Transportation of Polio stool samples to lab at 2–8C f/b which virus isolation & culture is done. Global Switch Program

Dial Thermometer

® Switching from Trivalent OPV to Bivalent OPV worldwide. ® National Switch Day: 25^ th April 2016 ® National Validation Day: 9^ th May 2016

® Principle: Thermocouple ® Measure ILR temperature twice a day

Gradually all bOPV will be replaced by IPV

→ Smallest Component of cold chain

® BCG → 0-80% (0% for pulmonary TB)

Reduction Strategy

remains white, whereas outer circle is always blue

® It has 4 grades; We can use grade 1 & 2 vaccines.

® If temperature maintained properly inner square always

® If temperature not maintained, inner square color doesn't remain white.

do not use the vaccine.

® When square color matches circle color or is darker,

® It is a marker of cold chain maintenance Efficacy of Vaccines

→ Average 50% (50% for severe forms of TB) ® Measles→ >90% with 1 dose → >99% with 2 doses

- NIS gives 2 doses for measles vaccine. This is called as 'AMMRS' i.e. Accelerated Measles Mortality

® Rubella → >95%(Vaccine with highest efficacy with single dose)

First Vaccine

® E. Jenner coined the term 'Vaccination’

® Small pox vaccine (Developed by Edward Jenner)

® Louis Pasteur coined the term 'vaccine’

VVM

® Vaccine Vial monitor