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Rapid Revision of the subject: PSM covering the topic: Vaccines
Typology: Summaries
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Live Killed Toxoids Proteinaceous Recombinant Combination
® 16–24 Months : DPT , OPV Booster, MeaslesB 2 /MR 2 , JE 2
® 9 m : Measles /MR 1 1 , Vitamin A (1 Lac IU), PCV Booster, JE 1
Classification of Vaccines
BCG IPV Tetanus HPV MMR
Vaccines & Cold Chain
YF Hep A Pentavalent
Rota Virus Glycoconjugate
MMR HiB Zoster Pneumococcal
® 14 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , Rota V , fIPV , PCV 3 3 3 3 2 2
® Every 6 Months : Vitamin A (2 Lacs IU) till 5 years
Varicella Polysaccharide & DPT
OPV Rabies Diphtheria Pertussis Hep B MR (Measles Rubella)
® At Birth : BCG, OPV (^0) ,Hep B
Typhoral Meningococcal
® 10 Years : TT
® 6 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , HiB , Rota V , fIPV , PCV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NIS(National Immunization Schedule, India 2019-20)
® 10 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , HiB , Rota V 2 2 2 2 2
® 5 Years : DPTB
® TT → To be replaced with dt
® 16 Years :^ TT ® Pregnancy : TT
® Total Vit A given under NIS is 17 Lac IU.
prepared from circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum using HBsAg)
® Most important component of cold chain
® Anthrax → Sterne strain
® Mosquirix → RTS,S/AS01 (World's first & only licensed malaria vaccine. It is
Cold Chain
® Typhoral → Tyz21a
® It can maintains temp for 24-48 hrs
® HIV → mvA (Modified vaccinia ancara)
® Also used for making icepacks & storing OPVs for long term (>3 months) at
® It is maintenance of temperature of vaccine from point of manufacturing to point
ILR (Ice Lined Refrigerator)
of administration.
® If there is no electricity it can maintain temperature of all vaccine for upto 5 days
Vaccine Carrier
® Dengvaxia → CYD – TDV
® Kept at PHC ® Vaccines can be stored for upto 1 month
® Used to transport from PHC to site of immunization and sub-centers ® It is non-electronic instrument with 4 ice packs inside it. ® Max 16-20 vaccine vials can be kept inside it.
® Minimum electricity required per day is 8 hours
Fully Frozen Ice Pack → Fill water upto horizontal mark with plain tap water
→ 2 vaccines are kept in two holes inside the ice pack
® Alcohol stamp thermometer is more sensitive but dial thermometer is more easy to use.
Reverse Cold Chain
® Transportation of Polio stool samples to lab at 2–8C f/b which virus isolation & culture is done. Global Switch Program
Dial Thermometer
® Switching from Trivalent OPV to Bivalent OPV worldwide. ® National Switch Day: 25^ th April 2016 ® National Validation Day: 9^ th May 2016
® Principle: Thermocouple ® Measure ILR temperature twice a day
Gradually all bOPV will be replaced by IPV
→ Smallest Component of cold chain
® BCG → 0-80% (0% for pulmonary TB)
Reduction Strategy
remains white, whereas outer circle is always blue
® It has 4 grades; We can use grade 1 & 2 vaccines.
® If temperature maintained properly inner square always
® If temperature not maintained, inner square color doesn't remain white.
do not use the vaccine.
® When square color matches circle color or is darker,
® It is a marker of cold chain maintenance Efficacy of Vaccines
→ Average 50% (50% for severe forms of TB) ® Measles→ >90% with 1 dose → >99% with 2 doses
- NIS gives 2 doses for measles vaccine. This is called as 'AMMRS' i.e. Accelerated Measles Mortality
® Rubella → >95%(Vaccine with highest efficacy with single dose)
First Vaccine
® E. Jenner coined the term 'Vaccination’
® Small pox vaccine (Developed by Edward Jenner)
® Louis Pasteur coined the term 'vaccine’
® Vaccine Vial monitor