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Prepladder Rapid Revision of PSM, Summaries of Preventive medicine

Rapid Revision of the subject: PSM covering the topic: Vaccines

Typology: Summaries

2018/2019

Uploaded on 09/19/2019

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Live Killed Toxoids Proteinaceous Recombinant Combination

® 16–24 Months : DPT , OPV Booster, MeaslesB 2 /MR 2 , JE 2

® 9 m : Measles /MR 1 1 , Vitamin A (1 Lac IU), PCV Booster, JE 1

Classification of Vaccines

BCG IPV Tetanus HPV MMR

Vaccines & Cold Chain

YF Hep A Pentavalent

Rota Virus Glycoconjugate

MMR HiB Zoster Pneumococcal

® 14 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , Rota V , fIPV , PCV 3 3 3 3 2 2

® Every 6 Months : Vitamin A (2 Lacs IU) till 5 years

Varicella Polysaccharide & DPT

OPV Rabies Diphtheria Pertussis Hep B MR (Measles Rubella)

® At Birth : BCG, OPV (^0) ,Hep B

Typhoral Meningococcal

® 10 Years : TT

® 6 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , HiB , Rota V , fIPV , PCV 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

NIS(National Immunization Schedule, India 2019-20)

® 10 W : DPT , OPV , Hep B , HiB , Rota V 2 2 2 2 2

® 5 Years : DPTB

® TT → To be replaced with dt

® 16 Years :^ TT ® Pregnancy : TT

® Total Vit A given under NIS is 17 Lac IU.

prepared from circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum using HBsAg)

® Most important component of cold chain

® Anthrax → Sterne strain

® Mosquirix → RTS,S/AS01 (World's first & only licensed malaria vaccine. It is

Cold Chain

® Typhoral → Tyz21a

® It can maintains temp for 24-48 hrs

temperature -15° to -25° C

® HIV → mvA (Modified vaccinia ancara)

® Also used for making icepacks & storing OPVs for long term (>3 months) at

® It is maintenance of temperature of vaccine from point of manufacturing to point

ILR (Ice Lined Refrigerator)

of administration.

® If there is no electricity it can maintain temperature of all vaccine for upto 5 days

Vaccine Carrier

® Dengvaxia → CYD – TDV

® Temperature:+2° to +8°C

® Kept at PHC ® Vaccines can be stored for upto 1 month

® Used to transport from PHC to site of immunization and sub-centers ® It is non-electronic instrument with 4 ice packs inside it. ® Max 16-20 vaccine vials can be kept inside it.

® Minimum electricity required per day is 8 hours

Fully Frozen Ice Pack → Fill water upto horizontal mark with plain tap water

→ 2 vaccines are kept in two holes inside the ice pack

® Alcohol stamp thermometer is more sensitive but dial thermometer is more easy to use.

Reverse Cold Chain

® Transportation of Polio stool samples to lab at 2–8C f/b which virus isolation & culture is done. Global Switch Program

Dial Thermometer

® Switching from Trivalent OPV to Bivalent OPV worldwide. ® National Switch Day: 25^ th April 2016 ® National Validation Day: 9^ th May 2016

® Principle: Thermocouple ® Measure ILR temperature twice a day

Gradually all bOPV will be replaced by IPV

→ Smallest Component of cold chain

® BCG → 0-80% (0% for pulmonary TB)

Reduction Strategy

remains white, whereas outer circle is always blue

® It has 4 grades; We can use grade 1 & 2 vaccines.

® If temperature maintained properly inner square always

® If temperature not maintained, inner square color doesn't remain white.

do not use the vaccine.

® When square color matches circle color or is darker,

® It is a marker of cold chain maintenance Efficacy of Vaccines

→ Average 50% (50% for severe forms of TB) ® Measles→ >90% with 1 dose → >99% with 2 doses

- NIS gives 2 doses for measles vaccine. This is called as 'AMMRS' i.e. Accelerated Measles Mortality

® Rubella → >95%(Vaccine with highest efficacy with single dose)

First Vaccine

® E. Jenner coined the term 'Vaccination’

® Small pox vaccine (Developed by Edward Jenner)

® Louis Pasteur coined the term 'vaccine’

VVM

® Vaccine Vial monitor