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Musical Terms and Compositions: A Comprehensive List, Exams of Music

Brunel University LondonMusic

Definitions and explanations for various musical terms and compositions, ranging from monody and motet to development and symphonic poem. It covers different musical forms, genres, and techniques used in western classical music from the renaissance to the romantic period.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 03/12/2024

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Praxis II: Music: Content and
Instruction exam test 2024
1. Episode - Correct answer Passage that does not state the
principal subject (esp in Fugue)
2. Exposition - Correct answer Section in which subject(s) are
announced. In Fugue, Sonata, Concerto.
3. Fugue - Correct answer Composition or Section in which
subject is answered or repeated by several parts.
4. Hocket - Correct answer Splitting up a melodic line between
two voices
5. Leitmotif - Correct answer Musical theme/motive assoc. w a
person, thing, emotion or idea in a drama
6. Monody - Correct answer Accompanied solo song
7. Motet - Correct answer Polyphonic vocal composition, sacred
text
8. Partita - Correct answer Single variation of a theme, set of
such variations.
9. Recapitulation - Correct answer Section of a movement in
which the subjects announced in the exposition are reviewed
10. Renaissance - Correct answer 1450-1600; rebirth of
secular musical activity/ideals of antiquity.
11. Ripieno - Correct answer Tutti as opposed to solo
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Partial preview of the text

Download Musical Terms and Compositions: A Comprehensive List and more Exams Music in PDF only on Docsity!

Praxis II: Music: Content and

Instruction exam test 2024

  1. Episode - Correct answer Passage that does not state the principal subject (esp in Fugue)
  2. Exposition - Correct answer Section in which subject(s) are announced. In Fugue, Sonata, Concerto.
  3. Fugue - Correct answer Composition or Section in which subject is answered or repeated by several parts.
  4. Hocket - Correct answer Splitting up a melodic line between two voices
  5. Leitmotif - Correct answer Musical theme/motive assoc. w a person, thing, emotion or idea in a drama
  6. Monody - Correct answer Accompanied solo song
  7. Motet - Correct answer Polyphonic vocal composition, sacred text
  8. Partita - Correct answer Single variation of a theme, set of such variations.
  9. Recapitulation - Correct answer Section of a movement in which the subjects announced in the exposition are reviewed
  10. Renaissance - Correct answer 1450-1600; rebirth of secular musical activity/ideals of antiquity.
  11. Ripieno - Correct answer Tutti as opposed to solo
  1. Rondeau - Correct answer ABaAabAB; one of Formes Fixes
  2. Sarabande - Correct answer Slow dance in triple meter often emphasizing the second beat
  3. Sonata - Correct answer To be played on one or more instruments; Work in several mvts for one or two solo instruments
  4. Sonata form - Correct answer Used mostly in first mvts; Exposition - Development - Recapitulation
  5. Stretto - Correct answer Imitation of a subject at a close time-interval
  6. Tetrachord - Correct answer Scale of 4 notes spanning a fourth (Greek/Medieval); Set of four pitches (Modern)
  7. Toccata - Correct answer Introductory improvised instrumental piece
  8. Triplum - Correct answer Second part in early polyphony, set against a Tenor and Duplum
  9. Abgesang - Correct answer Bar Form - Song form in which first melodic component is sung 2x w/different texts (Stollen); the remainder (Abgesang) is sung once
  10. Ad Libitum - Correct answer Details of execution left to discretion of the performer
  11. Aggregate - Correct answer Unordered set of pitch classes of the chromatic scale
  12. Air - Correct answer 1. Tune
    1. Tuneful song in Fr. stage work
    1. Eng., Fr. art song w/lute or violin accompaniment
  1. Classical - Correct answer 1750-
  2. Concertino - Correct answer Ensemble w/a few solo instruments
  3. Concerto grosso - Correct answer Tutti or ripieno - the full orchestra in a concerto
  4. Counterpoint - Correct answer Artful combination of 2+ simultaneous melodic lines
  5. Courante - Correct answer Fluent dance in moderate triple meter
  6. Development - Correct answer Process or section in which a subject is taken apart combined with other ideas and reworked
  7. Discant - Correct answer 1. Treble part
  8. 2.improvised or written polyphony in which voices move @ same speed
  9. Dodecaphonic - Correct answer Composition w/12-tone rows
  10. Duplum - Correct answer Voice part in early polyphony set against a tenor
  11. Phrase - Correct answer The shortest passage of music which, having reached a point of relative repose, has expressed a more or less complete musical thought
  12. Jete - Correct answer Ricochet; bow "thrown" on string so it will bounce
  13. Spiccato - Correct answer Conscious spiccato: slower tempo, player makes bow 'spring'
  1. Spontaneous spiccato: fast tempo, soft dynamics. Short, quick up/down motion by wrist -> bow bounces
  2. Martele - Correct answer To hammer. Usually performed toward the frog. Fast, well-articulated stroke resembling a sfz.
  3. Staccato - Correct answer Short separate strokes
  4. Loure - Correct answer 'Pique'
  5. Legato stroke. Dashes under notes w/slurs used to designate the bow changes
  6. Detache - Correct answer Basic stroke on all bowed string instruments. It changes direction each note.
  7. Soprano - Correct answer Range: C4 - C6 (high C)
  8. Mezzo soprano - Correct answer Range: A4 - A
  9. Contra alto - Correct answer Range: F3 - F
  10. Tenor - Correct answer Range: C3 - C
  11. Baritone - Correct answer Range: F2 - F
  12. Bass - Correct answer Range: E2 - E
  13. Portamento - Correct answer Glissando in vocal music
  14. Trombone, Position VII - Correct answer E
  15. Trombone, Position VI - Correct answer F
  16. Trombone, Position V - Correct answer Gb
  17. Trombone, Position IV - Correct answer G
  18. Trombone, Position III - Correct answer Ab
  1. Classical: Musical Characteristics - Correct answer Reserved, intellectual, rational-sounding. Controlled compositions. Great growth in string section.
  2. Classical: Composers - Correct answer Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn
  3. Classical: Orchestra Size - Correct answer 30 - 50; Marked increase in # of string players.
  4. Romantic: Dates - Correct answer 1825 - 1900
  5. Romantic: Musical Characteristics - Correct answer Conveyed feeling, programmatic, used nature for inspiration, Nationalistic, incorporation of folk tunes.
  6. Romantic: Composers - Correct answer Weber, Chopin, Brahms, Dvorak, Grieg, Tchiakovsky
  7. Modern: Dates - Correct answer 1900 - Present
  8. Modern: Characteristics - Correct answer Unconventional sources of inspiration; broke molds of traditional harmony.
  9. Modern: Composers - Correct answer Debussy, Ravel, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Copland, Gershwin
  10. Horn - Correct answer It. - Corno
  11. Fr. - Cor
  12. Ger. - Horn
  13. Trumpet (tr. or tpt.) - Correct answer It. - Tromba
  14. Fr. - Trompette
  15. Ger. - Trompete
  16. Trombone (trb. or tbn.) - Correct answer It. - Trombone
  17. Fr. - Trombone
  18. Ger. - Posaune
  1. Tuba (t.) - Correct answer It. - Tuba
  2. Fr. - Tuba
  3. Ger. - Tuba
  4. Strings - Correct answer It. - Archi
  5. Fr. - Cordes
  6. Ger. - Streichinstrumente
  7. Violin (vl.) - Correct answer It. - Violino
  8. Fr. - Violon
  9. Ger. - Violine or Geige
  10. Viola (vla.) - Correct answer It. - Viola
  11. Fr. - Alto
  12. Ger. - Bratsche
  13. Violoncello (vlc.) - Correct answer It. - Violoncello
  14. Fr. - Violoncelle
  15. Ger. - Violoncell
  16. Double Bass (d.b.) - Correct answer It. - Contrabasso
  17. Fr. - Contrabasse
  18. Ger. - Kontrabass
  19. Harp - Correct answer It. - Arpa
  20. Fr. - Harpe
  21. Ger. - Harfe
  22. Nestico - Correct answer Band Arranger
  23. Bocook - Correct answer Band Composer & Arranger
  24. Dackow - Correct answer String Arranger/Orchestral Arranger
  25. Eilers - Correct answer Choral Arranger
  1. English Horn (Eng. hn.) - Correct answer It. - Corno Onglese
  2. Fr. - Cor Anglais
  3. Ger. - Englisches Horn
  4. Clarinet (cl.) - Correct answer It. - Clarinetto
  5. Fr. - Clarinette
  6. Ger. - Klarinette
  7. Bassoon (bn.) - Correct answer It. - Fagotto
  8. Fr. - Basson
  9. Ger. - Fagott
  10. Contrabassoon (cbn.) - Correct answer It. - Contrafagotto
  11. Fr. - Contrebasson
  12. Ger. - Kontrafagott
  13. Saxophone (sax) - Correct answer It. - Sassofone
  14. Fr. - Saxophone
  15. Ger. - Saxophon
  16. Overtone Series - Correct answer Fundamental
  17. 8va - P5 - P4 - M3 - m3 - m3* - M2*
  18. Monophonic - Correct answer Unaccompanied Melody
  19. Polyphonic - Correct answer Musical Texture consisting of two or more lines of melody.
  20. Homophonic - Correct answer Music in which the harmony is chordal & not made up of distinctive lines.
  21. Heterophony - Correct answer Same melody performed simultaneously in more than one way, for ex., simply and ornamented.
  1. Polar Patterns - Correct answer Omnidirectional, Cardoid, Super or Hyper Cardoid, Bidirectional
  2. Continuous Binary Form - Correct answer Single harmonic movement divided by design (conclusive cadence).
  3. Continuous Binary Form: Simple - Correct answer Design: AB or AA'
  4. Continuous Binary Form: Rounded - Correct answer Design: AB II A'
  5. Continuous Binary Form: Balanced - Correct answer Design: AA'. Part two closes with a transposed restatement of the passage that ends part one.
  6. Sectional Binary Form - Correct answer Double Harmonic movement, that is, two complete or interrupted harmonic movements.
  7. Sectional Binary Form: Simple - Correct answer Design: A-B or A-A'
  8. Sectional Binary Form: Rounded - Correct answer Design: A-BA
  9. Sectional Binary Form: barform - Correct answer Design: A-A-B. Part one repeated, part two not repeated.
  10. Sectional Ternary Form - Correct answer Double harmonic movement, the second of which is further divided by design (contrast). Design: A-BA.
  11. Full Sectional Ternary Form - Correct answer Triple harmonic movement, that is, three complete or interrupted harmonic movements. Design: A-B-A.
  1. Ger +6 - Correct answer The characteristic augmented sixth interval, the tonic pitch, and the lowered third.
  2. Anitquity (Dates) - Correct answer 500 BC - 500 AD
  3. Medieval (Dates) - Correct answer 500 - 1400
  4. Renaissance (Dates) - Correct answer 1400 - 1600
  5. Baroque (Dates) - Correct answer 1600 - 1750
  6. Classical (Dates) - Correct answer 1750 - 1825
  7. Romantic (Dates) - Correct answer 1825 - 1900
  8. Modern / 20th Century (Dates) - Correct answer 1900 - Present
  9. Bouree - Correct answer French Baroque dance in fast duple meter
  10. Cantata * - Correct answer Music composition using scared texts (Baroque)
  11. Chanson - Correct answer A French polyphonic song (Late Middle Ages & Renaissance)
  12. Chorale - Correct answer Protestant hymn melody (Baroque)
  13. Choral Prelude - Correct answer Composition for an organ, played before congregation begins to sing (Baroque)
  14. Concerto - Correct answer Composition for an orchestra & 1 or more solo instrument (Classical)
  15. Divertimento - Correct answer Chamber Music (Classical)
  1. Etude - Correct answer A study piece, composition for development of technique
  2. Fanfare - Correct answer Loud brass instruments (esp. trumpets), Major triad. Ex: 'Fanfare for the Common Man'
  3. Fugue * - Correct answer Imitative polyphonic composition, themes repeat
  4. Gavotte - Correct answer French peasant dance (Baroque)
  5. Gigue - Correct answer Popular Baroque dance, fugal style.
  6. Madrigal - Correct answer A secular song for 2 or 3 unaccompanied voices (Renaissance)
  7. Motet * - Correct answer Polyphonic composition sacred text w/o accompaniment (Renaissance)
  8. Opera - Correct answer A musical dramatic work
  9. Organum - Correct answer Plain chant, note against note counterpoint (Medieval)
  10. Passacaglia - Correct answer Continuous variation on ground bass, similar to Chaconne (Baroque)
  11. Recitative - Correct answer Spoken Song (Romantic)
  12. Rondeau * - Correct answer French Lyrical poem (Renaissance)
  13. Sarabande * - Correct answer Slow dance in triple meter often emphasizing the second beat (Baroque)
  1. Baroque (Characteristics) - Correct answer Small orchestras w/basso continuo, keyboards
  2. Accelerando - Correct answer Gradually accelerating or getting faster
  3. Anacrusis - Correct answer An upbeat or pickup note(s); a termused for unstressed notes at the beginning of a phrase of music.
  4. Augmentation - Correct answer Statement of a melody in longer note values, often twice as slow as the original.
  5. Diminution - Correct answer Note values are shortened, usually by half.
  6. Marcato - Correct answer marked, emphatic
  7. rubato - Correct answer perform freely
  8. alla breve - Correct answer A tempo marking indicating a quick duple meter 2/
  9. poco a poco - Correct answer little by little
  10. adagio - Correct answer slow
  11. Ad Libitum (ad. lib.) - Correct answer At liberty
  12. Allagrando (allag.) - Correct answer Broaden out
  13. Allegretto - Correct answer Slower than Allegro
  14. Allegro - Correct answer Fast (Tempo = 120 - 168)
  15. Andante - Correct answer Slow; in a walking style (Tempo = 76 - 108)
  16. Andantino - Correct answer A little faster than Andante
  1. A Tempo - Correct answer At the original tempo
  2. Calando - Correct answer Softer and slower
  3. Con Moto - Correct answer With Motion
  4. Grave - Correct answer Slow and serious
  5. Largo - Correct answer Very slow (Tempo = 40 - 60)
  6. Lento - Correct answer Slowly
  7. L'istesso Tempo - Correct answer In the same time
  8. Marcia - Correct answer March tempo and style
  9. Meno Messo - Correct answer Less motion; slower
  10. Moderato - Correct answer In moderate time or speed (Tempo = 108-120)
  11. Ma non Troppo - Correct answer Not too fast
  12. Piu Mosso - Correct answer A little more motion
  13. Presto - Correct answer Very fast; double the time (tempo = 200 - 208)
  14. Rallentando (rall.) - Correct answer Gradually becoming slower
  15. Ritardando (rit.) - Correct answer To retard or slow down
  16. Stringendo - Correct answer Faster tempo
  17. Valse - Correct answer In waltz time
  1. How often does music class meet in Middle and High School? [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer Every music course meets at least every other day for at least 45 minutes in Middle School and High School.
  2. Elementary Music Library [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer For band, orchestra and chorus, a library of music is provided that includes at least 40 titles for each type of group. At least 15 titles for each type of group are added each year.
  3. Grade 8 - Correct answer General music is required of all students through grade 8
  4. Middle and High School Library [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer A library of small-ensemble music is provided that contains at least 75 titles. At least 15 new titles are added each year.
  5. Budget [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer An annual budget is provided for the replacement of school- owned instruments that is equivalent to at least 5% of the replacement value of the total inventory of instruments.
  6. Peter and the Wolf [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer Peter and the Wolf (Prokofiev), is a piece most appropriate for introducing the instruments of the orchestra to Elementary General Music Students.
  7. How long should Elementary Students receive Music Instruction? [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer In elementary school, each student receives general music instruction each week for at least 90 minutes, excluding time devoted to elective instrumental or choral instruction. Music is woven into the curriculum throughout the day.
  8. Beginning Instruction: Strings & Woodwinds [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer Instruction on string instruments begins no later than 4th grade. Instruction on

wind & percussion instruments begins no later than 5th grade. For the 1st year of instrumental study, students are taught at least part of the time in homogenous instrumental groupings.

  1. Alexander Technique [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer Alexander Technique has a long history of helping instrumentalists and singers to perform with less stress and likelihood of injury. Students learn to identify and change patterns that lead to aches pains, shallow breathing and performance anxiety.
  2. K-4 Vocal Range [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer K-4 vocal range is about an octave starting with Middle C (C4)
  3. Music Sequencing and its effect on Music Education [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer Music sequencing is similar to linguistic structuring as it relates to the audience member: patterns of melody, harmony and rhythm work together better with appropriately defined tone, key and chord structures. Infants are able to approximate tone and young children can reproduce short or limited contours with some discrepancy in pitch. Early childhood music education opportunities to learn to produce pitches accurately and distinguish between scale and key structure.
  4. Johann Amos Comenius [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer Johann Amos Comenius believed that the educator of children should begin immediately so that the child could learn about faith, cognizance of moral actions and familarity with arts and language. Comenius felt that music education was instinctual for children who first learn to make sound through vocalizations.
  5. Acculturation of Preparatory Audiation [Music Learning K-12] - Correct answer Absorption - 1st 18 months (inc. listening)
  6. Random Response - 1-3 years (involves participation)