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PRAXIS ETS Practice Form 2 questions updated
version with accurate answers[2024-2025]
- Which of the following formants typically characterizes a high vowel? A.High-frequency second formant (F2) B.High-frequency first formant (F1) C.Low-frequency first formant (F1) D.Low-frequency second formant (F2): Option (C) is correct. The F1 is inversely associated with tongue height, such that high vowels tend to have low F1 frequen- cies.
- A 65-year-old patient is transferred from another facility with a diagnosis of aphasia. The patient's symptoms, however, appear more consistent with apraxia. Which of the following tasks for the patient is most appropriate when assessing verbal apraxia of speech? A. Repeating words of increasing length B.Recalling three common items C.Performing voluntary oral movements D.Following two-step commands: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Inability to repeat two-syllable words is a clear indicator of apraxia of speech.
- Oropharyngeal dysphagia in a child with Down syndrome is most likely caused by which of the following factors? A. Hypotonia B.Digestive problems C.Pneumonia
D.Aversive feeding behaviors: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Hypotonia is the leading cause of swallowing disorders in children with Down syndrome.
- Which of the following recommendations to a parent of an infant with cleft lip and palate should an SLP make to best optimize feeding for adequate nutrition and appropriate growth? A. Providing a bottle rather than breast-feeding the infant B.Positioning the infant in a supine position during feeding times C. Allowing the infant to take as much time as needed to feed D. Using a bottle with a modified nipple during feedings: Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. A bottle with a modified nipple allows for greater control over the quantity of liquid expressed and the pacing of feeding.
- The head lift exercise published by Shaker et al. (2002) was designed to produce which of the following changes in swallow biomechanics? A. Increase in laryngeal closure duration B.Strengthening of the base of the tongue C. Increase in diameter and duration of the upper esophageal sphincter (UESU E S) opening D. Prolonged relaxation of the cricopharyngeal portion of the inferior constric- tor muscle: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The results of Shaker et al. (2002) demonstrated a significant (p<.01p left angle bracket period zero one) increase in the opening duration of the UESU E S.
- Which of the following sounds are typically mastered by the time a child turns 3? A. /k/ and /g/forward slash k forward slash and forward slash g forward slash B. /p/ and /b/forward slash p forward slash and forward slash b forward slash
products only when benefit can reasonably be expected. B. Individuals shall honor their responsibility to hold paramount the welfare of persons they serve professionally or who are participants in research and scholarly activities, and they shall treat animals involved in research in a humane manner. C. Individuals shall use every resource, including referral and/or interpro- fessional collaboration when appropriate, to ensure that quality service is provided. D. Individuals shall provide all clinical services and scientific activities compe- tently.: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. According to ASHA, it is important that SLPs remember to provide services when a benefit can be expected. The SLP has exhausted all treatment options and a benefit for this student is no longer expected.
- Place the phonemes below in the order of typical acquisition. · /p/ forward slash p forward slash · //¸ forward slash omega forward slash · /k/ forward slash k forward slash · /’/ forward slash ezh forward slash · A. /p/ forward slash p forward slash · C. /k/ forward slash k forward slash · B. //¸ forward slash omega forward slash · D. /’/ forward slash ezh forward slash: Correct Answer: A, C, B, D /p/forward slash p forward is first because this phoneme is developed between ages 1 and 3. /k/forward slash k forward slash is second because this is developed by age 3 1/2. /¸f/orward slash omega forward slash is third because this is developed between ages 3 and 8. /’/forward slash ezh forward slash is last because this is developed between ages 6 and 8.
- An 81-year-old female presents to a rehabilitation hospital following a severe L MCA stroke. The patient has poststroke right-sided weakness, right neglect, and suspected nonfluent aphasia. Receptive language appears to be mildly impacted. The patient has a complex medical history, including TBI following a car accident two years ago, obesity, diabetes, seizure disorder, congestive heart failure, and hypertension. Socially, the patient has lived alone for the past three years following her
husband's death. Since her car accident she mainly watches TV at home and leaves her house only for dialysis. She has meals on wheels and home health aides to assist her with showering. Because of her TBI, her behavior is often variable and erratic. The highest level of education she attained was seventh grade. She stayed home to take care of her children and did not have a career. Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response. Question: Which of the following medical conditions, in combination with her stroke, is likely to have the greatest impact on the patient's communication abilities? A. Seizure disorder B.Diabetes C. TBIT B I D. Obesity: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Patients with TBIT B I are more likely to have metacognitive problems in addition to the aphasia, thus impacting their ability to improve.
- Which of the following tasks is most appropriate to include when assess- ing the patient's phrase length? A. Completing divergent naming tasks B.Maintaining a conversation with a known partner C.Responding to open-ended questions D.Repeating sentences of varying lengths: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. When an SLP assesses phrase length, it is important to task the patient with open-ended questions to assess the patient's ability to spontaneously produce speech.
- Which of the following medical factors should the SLP give the most weight when determining the patient's communication prognosis? A. Frequency of seizures
writing target words (from photographs) and then copying those words multiple times. However, during a follow-up phone call, the SLP determines that the patient is struggling to write the assigned target words because the patient "can't think of the correct letters." Although a model is provided on the back of each target photograph, the patient wants to find a way to practice without looking at the answer. The SLP's best course of action is to suggest that the patient: A. try anagramming the words using letter tiles to form the target word B. practice writing the alphabet in order multiple times before beginning the homework again C. use a cell phone voice-to-text application as a compensatory strategy D. use drawing to convey messages instead of using written expression: Cor- rect Answer: A Option (A) is correct. This approach would give the client the best access to completing the homework. The letter tiles would provide a support for the client to complete the homework and are a regular part of this treatment approach.
- Which of the following instruments is often used to document stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBIT B I)? A. Glasgow Coma Scale B. Scale of Executive Function C. Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development D. Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function: Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. The Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function is the only truly "scaled" instrument developed specifically for rehabilitation documentation following TBIT B I.
- A large metropolitan school district wants to determine the prevalence of developmental stuttering among all enrolled students during the past year. Which of the following approaches is most appropriate for accomplishing the task? A.Dividing the total number of students who currently stutter by the
total number of students who were enrolled during the past year B. Subtracting the total number of students who received treatment for stut- tering during the past year from the total number of students who currently stutter C. Multiplying the total number of students who currently stutter by the total number of students enrolled during the past year D. Dividing the total number of newly identified students who stutter by the total number of students enrolled during the past year: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. The prevalence of stuttering is the percentage found by dividing the number of students who currently stutter by the number of students enrolled in school.
- An SLP uses evidence-based practice by integrating the perspectives and values of the client, patient, or caregivers into the treatment plan. Which of the following best reflects simultaneous incorporation of the host culture's perspectives and values and maintenance of the native culture's perspectives and values? A. Acculturatio n B.Assimilation C.Enculturatio n D.Ethnocentrism: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Acculturation is the incorporation of the host culture's perspec- tive and the native culture's perspective and values.
- The commonly used chin-down posture was initially developed to elimi- nate thin-liquid aspiration in people with delayed pharyngeal stage onset after having a stroke, and when its efficacy was investigated, it was found to be 50% effective. For whom is the chin- down posture ineffective at eliminating thin-liquid aspiration? A. People who have cricopharyngeal dysfunction B. People who aspirate residue from the pyriform sinuses C. People who have impaired lingual function D. People who aspirate residue from the valleculae: Correct Answer: B
D. Most of the children who failed the screening did not have a communication disorder.: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Sensitivity is the success rate in identifying all of the children who truly have a disorder.
- A 72-year-old right-handed female is evaluated following a left- hemisphere stroke. Findings reveal a moderate Broca's aphasia. Which of the following is the primary goal of intervention for the client? A. To improve the client's pragmatics skills and abilities B. To increase the client's ability to express functional comprehension abili- ties C. To improve the client's ability to express production of syntactically appro- priate sentences D. To enable the client's ability to use a digital augmentative communication system: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Improvement of expression, particularly syntax, is the most appropriate focus of treatment for Broca's aphasia.
- An SLP tries to elicit correct production of the target sound /s/forward slash s forward slash. Which of the following words provides the best coar- ticulatory conditions to meet the SLP's goal? A. Spoon B.Sea C.Sob D.Soup: Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The target sound /s/forward slash s forward slash and the vowel /i/forward slash i forward slash that follows it both require lip spreading. The vowel /i/forward slash i forward slash is high and front.
- Management of which one of the following examination observations alone will produce the best improvement in the pneumonia risk of an adult patient with chronic dysphagia? A. Poor oral bolus control and containment B. Poor oral hygiene and dependence for oral care C. Delayed onset of the pharyngeal stage of swallowing
D. Impaired distension of the upper esophageal sphincter: Option (B) is correct. Studies have identified poor oral hygiene (including presence of decayed teeth) and dependency for oral care as significant independent predictors of pneumonia in people with chronic dysphagia.
- Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of articulation therapy for a 2-year-old patient with a repaired cleft palate and compensatory errors? A. Cycling through multiple speech goals in a given session B. Having a play-based learning approach to address goals C. Focusing on carryover of speech productions D. Addressing speech targets with high frequency and intensity: Correct An- swer: B Option (B) is correct. Based on the age of the child, the only appropriate treatment listed is a play-based approach. All other treatments listed are inappropriate for the age of the child.
- Early intentional communication typically emerges in the months leading up to a child's first birthday. Which of the following communicative functions typically emerges first in this period? A. Requesting B.Commentin g C.Protesting D.Greeting: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Early intentional communication develops around 8 to 10 months of age, and the first function that emerges is protesting.
- An SLP plans to give Cody, an 8-year-old boy with autism spectrum disor- der, tangible reinforcement in conjunction with the use of manual signs during an object labeling task. At first, reinforcement will be presented every time Cody produces a sign correctly. After several sessions, however, reinforce- ment will be given after every third instance of correct labeling. Which of the following choices best describes the SLP's reinforcement schedule? A.Fixed-ratio schedule followed by variable-ratio schedule B.Fixed-ratio schedule followed by continuous schedule C.Continuous-ratio schedule followed by fixed-interval
disorder or childhood apraxia of speech (CASC A S). Which TWO of the following characteristics are primarily indicative of CASC A S? A. Presenting with decreased strength and muscle coordination B.Displaying inconsistencies in articulation performance C. Making the same errors independent of length of speech utterance D. Speaking with a disrupted rate, rhythm, and stress of speech: Correct An- swer: B, D Options (B) and (D) are correct. Children with CASC A S struggle to make consistent productions of speech sounds. Children with CASC A S speak with a rate, rhythm, and stress of speech that can be disrupted, and sometimes they can appear to be groping for placement.
- A 6-year-old child has difficulty producing both regular and irregular plural forms. Intervention for this problem would best target language at the level of A.syntax B.phonology C.morphology D.semantics: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Regular and irregular plural forms are morphological markers.
- A patient is referred to speech therapy after a total laryngectomy. The SLP teaches the patient to speak by taking air in through the mouth, trapping it in the throat, and then releasing it. Which of the following treatments is the SLP primarily implementing with the patient? A. Tracheoesophageal puncture B.Esophageal speech C. Neck electrolarynx D. Intraoral artificial larynx: B. Esophageal speech
- A 72-year-old male presents to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) following a complicated hospital stay. The patient is morbidly obese and has a history of COPD, depression, hypertension, diabetes, Bell's palsy, encephalopathy, and congestive heart failure. During his stay, he was not intubated but became very weak as a result of extended time in bed. In the hospital, he was placed on an NDD Level 2 diet with nectar-thick
liquids due to aspiration of thin liquids and poor oral control of regular solids. The patient worked until he was 50 years old, but his health conditions led to his early retirement. Before his hospitalization, the patient did not leave his house very often, and his wife helped him with all ADLs. While evaluating the patient at the SNF, the SLP noticed that the patient was disoriented and confused, appeared to be hallucinating, grunted loudly when attempting to stand, and presented with aphonia. There was no indication of this condition in the patient's hospital chart, and the patient's wife stated that the patient had no trouble using his voice while in the hospital. An ENT consult stated there was no structural reason for the aphonia. Suspecting that the aphonia was of a psychogenic etiology, the SLP made a referral to the resident psychiatrist and began treatment for both the aphonia and for dysphagia. After a few sessions of speech therapy, the patient has made limited progress with his aphonia. The resident psychiatrist has continued to work with the pa- tient and recommends cognitive behavioral therapy sessions and continued speech therapy. Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response. Question: A primary factor causing the patient's psychogenic aphonia is the presence of A.depression B.Bell's palsy C.COPDC O P D D.hallucinations: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Depression can lead to psychogenic disorders and given what this patient has been through, it is very likely that his depression has deepened during his hospital stay.
- Which of the following strategies can the SLP use to most effectively engage the patient in monitoring his progress? A. Recording their sessions for the patient to listen to later B.Reinforcing that the aphonia is not the patient's fault
as a whole: Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. If disparities exist between examinees and the norm group in terms of skills and experiences, the conclusions based on the examinees' test performance may be misleading.
- A fourth-grade student presents to a school SLP with receptive- expressive language disorder. The student has difficulty with asking "wh-" questions. Specifically, the student tends to ask only "who" and "what" questions. When probed, the student will ask "why" and "when" questions but often uses the terms incorrectly. When writing the annual Individualized Education Program for the student, which of the following goals is most appropriate and measurable? A. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with 100% accuracy. B. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with minimal cueing in two out of three tries. C. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with no cueing and with 100% accuracy. D. The student will ask six related "wh-" questions with no cueing in one out of three tries.: Correct Answer: B Option (B) is correct. The goal is specific, measurable, realistic, and time limited and addresses the student's specific needs.
- Which of the following is an example of a reversible passive? A. The balloon was broken by the pin. B. The kite was flown by Ben Franklin. C. Jared was bullied by Michael. D. The girl put her doll by her friend.: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. In reversible passive constructions, participants can fit into either role.
- Which of the following benchmarks best aligns with current research on typical communication development for 3-year-old children? A.Understanding approximately 1,000 words B.Using irregular third-person-singular verb forms C.Having a mean length of utterance (MLUM L U) in morphemes of six D.Producing approximately ten consonant phonemes accurately: Correct An- swer: A
Option (A) is correct. Receptive vocabulary is reported at approximately 1, words for 3-year-old children.
- The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) guarantees par- ents access to their child's educational records. However, this mandate does not apply to the daily records kept by an SLP working in a school setting if these records A. are not used for treatment-related reimbursement from state or local gov- ernment B. remain within the school district in which the SLP works C. are kept in the sole possession of the SLP D. are not distributed to anyone outside of the child's school: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. FERPA states that daily notes can be kept in the sole posses- sion of an SLP as long as the purpose is to serve as a "memory jogger" for the creator of the record.
- Which of the following will most effectively decrease the fundamental frequency? A. Increasing the mass of the vocal folds B.Increasing the subglottal pressure C.Raising the position of the larynx within the neck D.Lengthening the vocal folds: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Frequency is inversely proportional to mass. As the mass of the vocal folds increases, fundamental frequency decreases
- Which of the following speech-sampling contexts best assesses hy- ponasality? A. Producing sentences with oral sonorants B. Counting in numerical order from 60 to 70 C. Saying single words with nasal consonants D. Repeating words with oral-pressure consonants: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. Hyponasality (too little nasal resonance) is most easily detect- ed during the production of nasal consonants.
- Questions 44-46 are based on the graph and the information below. A study examined the effect of a new treatment on the memory of a patient with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Shown on the graph is the
one of the activities, the SLP asks Jake to say various word pairs in which two phonolog- ically dissimilar target sounds are contrasted (for example, "chip" and "rip"). Which of the following choices best describes the treatment approach that is being used? A. Multiple-oppositions approach B.Minimal-pairs approach C.Maximal- oppositions approach D.Metaphonological approach: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. The maximal-oppositions approach contrasts two errored sounds differing across place, manner, and voicing to gain the greatest amount of generalization.
- A clinician is starting treatment with a new client with specific language impairment (SLIS L I). Which of the following is the most appropriate source of information for the SLP to use in developing the treatment plan? A. Advice from a senior colleague in the speech clinic B. An all-day seminar presented by a leading clinician in the area of SLIS L I C. A peer-reviewed article describing a large-scale study comparing several methods of treatment for SLIS L I D. A conference presentation of unpublished cutting-edge research compar- ing several methods of treatment for SLIS L I: Correct Answer: C Option (C) is correct. When an SLP is looking for information to develop a lesson plan for a client with SLIS L I, the best source of information is a peer- reviewed article that focuses on a large-scale study and compares several treatment methods.
- Which of the following statements about dysphagia screening and assess- ment/evaluation is true? A. Screening identifies the likelihood of dysphagia and the need for further assessment. B. Screening identifies the nature and severity of dysphagia and enables treatment planning. C. Assessment/evaluation is a pass-fail procedure that determines
whether or not a patient is aspirating. D. Assessment/evaluation can be performed by non-SLP observers.: Correct Answer: A Option (A) is correct. Screening is a method that allows for the identification of dysphagia and determines the need to assess the condition further.
- Infants with cleft lip and palate are susceptible to middle ear disease because which of the following muscles is commonly impaired? A. The superior constrictor muscle B. The levator veli palatini muscle C. The palatopharyngeus muscle D. The tensor veli palatini muscle: Correct Answer: D Option (D) is correct. The tensor veli palatini muscle when contracted opens the auditory tube, equalizing middle ear pressure. When the tensor is not functioning properly, the auditory tube is not opened, pressure is not equalized, and fluid may accumulate in the middle ear. The tensor veli palatini travels around the hamulus of the sphenoid bone, where it has a fanlike appearance, and becomes the palatine aponeurosis, extending from the hard palate to the free border of the soft palate.
- Two months after undergoing surgery to improve velopharyngeal function, a client continues to exhibit nasal airflow only on the production of /s/ and /sh/forward slash s forward slash and forward slash s h forward slash, and also exhibits glottal stops for several pressure consonants. The most appropriate next action for the SLP to take is to A. request consideration of prosthetic management B. request a nasoendoscopic study C. inform the surgeon that the client is not making satisfactory progress D. provide speech treatment to correct compensatory articulation errors: Cor- rect Answer: D Option (D) is correct. It would be appropriate to provide speech-language services with the objective of reducing and eliminating the speech-production errors evi- denced by the patient.
- Following placement of a tracheostomy tube, a patient recovering from cardiothoracic surgery is successfully weaned from mechanical
