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A comprehensive overview of essential writing and research skills, covering mla and apa formatting styles, effective writing strategies, and common writing errors. It includes definitions of key terms, examples, and explanations of various writing techniques, making it a valuable resource for students in various disciplines.
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MLALast edited date. Web. Date of access. ✔✔-Contributors' names. "Title of Resource." The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, -Most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. APA ✔✔-style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. -Contributors' names (Last edited date). Title of resource. Retrieved from http://Web address forOWL resource
intro-body conclusion strategydetails ✔✔organizational method for students have sufficient supporting
Self-regualted strategy developmentknowledge, discussing and modeling, and supporting practice of strategy until students can use it ✔✔instructional method that includes building background independently Discipline-based inquiryinvestigating its parts- analyzing, questioning and forming conclusions ✔✔the practice of learning about writing form by dissecting it and
Conferencing ✔✔discussing a piece of writing
spatial order ✔✔spatial relationship- next to, near, etc.
.com ✔✔commercial
.gov ✔✔government entities
.edu ✔✔higher education
.net ✔✔software framework, microsoft
.org ✔✔non-profit organization
dialect ✔✔a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.
-martina laughed when her mother dropped a pie upside down on the floor. simple sentence structure ✔✔-indépendant clause -i like pie phrasescomponent of a clause. ✔✔a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a
clausesmake a sentence. An independent clause is a group of words that can stand by itself to make a ✔✔is a group of words that cannot stand by itself; it needs an independent clause to complete sentence semi colonnot already joined by a coordinating conjunction. ✔✔can be used between two closely related independent clauses, provided they are
colon ✔✔-that a writer is introducing a quotation or a list of items. -that a writer is separating two clauses of which the second expands or illustrates the first.
run onsappropriate punctuation or conjunction ✔✔two or more independent clauses (i.e., complete sentences) are joined without an
sentence fragments ✔✔incomplete sentence
non-parallel structurethan one idea occurring. These ideas have the same level of importance and can occur with ✔✔Parallel structures use the same type or pattern of words to show more phrases, words, or clauses. Parallel structures are often joined by the words "or" and "and". Non-parallel structure is anything that is not written in the parallel form.
syntax ✔✔-the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
post hoc ergo propter hoc ✔✔A occurred, then B occurred. Therefore, A caused B.-the rooster crows before sunrise, therefore the crow causes the sun to rise
strawman ✔✔-a sham argument set up to be defeated. -Person A has position X.
testimonial ✔✔a formal statement testifying to someone's character and qualifications.
generalizationgeneralization. ✔✔-making something specific and applying it more broadly is making a -ex: all dogs chase squirrels. denotationthe word suggests. ✔✔the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that
connotationmeaning. ✔✔an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary
sequence order ✔✔-often follows a numerical or alphabetical order -ex: the steps you take to setup a program on your computer cause-effectresult of the other or others. ✔✔-noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the -the alarm doesnt go off (cause), you dont wake up in time, you are late for school (effect)
problem-solution ✔✔-identifying a problem, coming up with a solution
feminist criticismbroadly. ✔✔criticism informed by feminist theory, or by the politics of feminism more
reader responsetheir experience of a literary work, in contrast to other schools and theories that focus attention ✔✔a school of literary theory that focuses on the reader (or "audience") and primarily on the author or the content and form of the work. modeling ✔✔changes in people that result from observing the actions of others.
metacognitionone's ability to understand, control, and manipulate one's cognitive processes ✔✔awareness of one's own knowledge—what one does and doesn't know—and
activating prior knowledgewhich the students already have some familiarity. ✔✔the practice of beginning a lesson by bringing up topics with
summarizing ✔✔giving a brief statement about the main points of something
rhythm ✔✔expressed through stressed and unstressed syllables.
rhyme schemereferred to by using letters to indicate which lines rhyme; lines designated with the same letter all ✔✔the pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song. It is usually rhyme with each other. stories ✔✔an account of imaginary or real people and events told for entertainment.
dramas ✔✔an exciting, emotional, or unexpected series of events or set of circumstances
poetryby the use of distinctive style and rhythm ✔✔literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas
literary nonfictionfactually accurate narratives ✔✔a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create
ballad ✔✔-a form of verse -often a narrative set to music
-simple language-ballad stanza- 4 lines, rhymed abcb or aba, 1st and 3rd lines have 4 stresses and 2nd and 4th have 3-refrain- a repeated section that devides segments in a story -dialogue-3rd person objective narrative
biography ✔✔-a detailed description of a person's life, their life story -usually non-fiction dramaconflict or contrast of character, especially one intended to be acted on the stage ✔✔- composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving
essaygenerally analytic, speculative, or interpretative ✔✔-a short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and
fablestory. In prose and verse, a fable is described through plants, animals, forces of nature and ✔✔-In literature, it is described as a didactic lesson given through some sort of animal
-575-nature
historical fictioncharacteristics of the time period in which it is set. ✔✔-a story is made up but is set in the past and sometimes borrows true
legend ✔✔-a story purported to be historical in nature, but without substantiation -a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place withinhuman history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude (likeliness) -ex: blackbeard, robinhood mysteryseries of crimes ✔✔-is a type of fiction in which a detective, or other professional, solves a crime or
mythwithout a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, especially one that is concerned ✔✔traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature. realism ✔✔-attempts to represent familiar things as they are
-Maggie: Girl of the streets, Huckleberry Finn satiresarcasm, ridicule, or irony. ✔✔to show foolishness or vice in humans, organizations, or even governments - it uses
science fictionof the future. ✔✔-a genre of fiction in which the stories often tell about science and technology -Ray Bradbury sonnet ✔✔-has 14 lines written in iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme
reverent ✔✔feeling or showing deep and solemn respect
metonymyfor example suit for business executive, or the track for horse racing. ✔✔the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant,
expository ✔✔intended to explain or describe something
anticipation guideand build curiosity about a new topic. Before reading a selection, students respond to several ✔✔a strategy that is used before reading to activate students' prior knowledge statements that challenge or support their preconceived ideas about key concepts in the text. reciprocal teachingsmall group reading sessions. Teachers model, then help students learn to guide group ✔✔refers to an instructional activity in which students become the teacher in discussions using four strategies: summarizing, question generating, clarifying, and predicting. annotationimage, or other data. ✔✔metadata (e.g. a comment, explanation, presentational markup) attached to text,
gothic fiction ✔✔-fiction, horror and romanticism -Poe-Frankenstein, Dracula -Castles, mystery and suspense, omens, viisons, the supernatural women in distress literary modernismcentury, early 20th century ✔✔-Ezra Pound, Karl Marx, james joyce, t.s. eliot, virginia woolf. --late 19th
Absurdistpoems, and films, that focuses on the experiences of characters in a situation where they cannot ✔✔-genre of narrative (traditionally, literature), most often employed in novels, plays, find any inherent purpose in life, most often represented by ultimately meaningless actions andevents that call into question the certainty of existential concepts such as truth or value.[1] Common elements in absurdist fiction include satire, dark humour, incongruity, the abasement ofreason, and controversy regarding the philosophical condition of being "nothing. -Catch- mock epicliterature. Typically, mock-heroic works either put a fool in the role of the hero or exaggerate the ✔✔-satires or parodies that mock common Classical stereotypes of heroes and heroic heroic qualities to such a point that they become absurd. dramatic monologuecharacter. ✔✔is a type of poetry written in the form of a speech of an individual
euphemismharsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. ✔✔-a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too -"downsizing" instead of "cuts" oxford english dictionary ✔✔-dictionary
Assonancesyllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible (e.g., penitence, reticence ). ✔✔-the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed
psychoanalytic criticismform, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud. ✔✔literary criticism or literary theory which, in method, concept, or
socratic seminarvalues reflected in a specific text. Students are responsible for facilitating a discussion around ✔✔goal= for students to help one another understand the ideas, issues, and ideas in the text rather than asserting opinions. epigram ✔✔-a short poem having a witty ending (satirical)
paralanguageintonation, pitch and speed of speaking, hesitation noises, gesture, and facial expression ✔✔the nonlexical component of communication by speech, for example
SQ3R ✔✔survey, question, read, recite, review
pronoun ✔✔-a word that takes place of a noun -I me, she, they, someone, everybody, etc.
orthography ✔✔the conventional spelling system of a language.
formative assessmentused by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning ✔✔to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be
summative assessmentcomparing it against some standard or benchmark. ✔✔to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by
Harlem Renaissanceartistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of ✔✔-the Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists,musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. -langston hughes, zora neale hurston, claude mckay, WEB Du Bois british romanticsvalue logic, reason and rationality, and romantics value emotion, passion, and individuality ✔✔-against the ideology of the enlightenment period- enlightenment thinkers -William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor coleridge, Lord Byron, John Keats