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Praxis: 433 Special Education Quiz
Questions And Answers
What, other than environment, impacts social-emotional development?
- ✔ ✔ Communication, Language, and Congnation
What areas in life are effected by language development? - ✔ ✔ reading, listening, writning, all academic subjects, and social relationships
The systematic use of sounds, signs, or written symbols for the purpose of communication or expression. - ✔ ✔ Language
The ability to understand and comprehend information that is presented. - ✔ ✔ Receptive Language
Ability to communicate thoughts, feelings, and ideas through words gestures, sign systems, assistive devices, and so on. - ✔ ✔ Expressive Language
Using movments of the mouth area to make speech sounds - ✔ ✔ Articulation
Development that focuses on thinking and reasoning w/ specific clusters that are important in all aspects of learning. - ✔ ✔ Mental Skill Development - Cognition
A system of combining words into sentences w/ rules that govern how words work together in phases, clauses, and sentences. - ✔ ✔ Syntax
The meaning of language communicates; it governs vocabulary development. - ✔ ✔ Semantics
Knowledge of successful and appropriate language use, such as in conversion. - ✔ ✔ Pragmatics
What are the four areas of the Social/Emotional domain? - ✔ ✔ Self-Concept; Self-Confidence; Self-Esteem; and Self-Competence
Includes various behaviors, adaptive behavior deficits, disruptive behaviors, and withdrawl - ✔ ✔ Psychological
Includes affective behaviors, poor social skills, poor self-concept, poor motivation, and debilitating mood states. - ✔ ✔ Social
This affects all areas of development is the most significant, and can transform, through maturity, practice, and normal aging. - ✔ ✔ Cognitive Domain
Includes cognative and meta-cognitive deficits, low academic achievment, poor memory, attention problems, hyperactivity, and perceptual disorders. - ✔ ✔ Educational
Includes problems related to diseases, illness, trama, genetics, fine and gross motor skills, sensory imput, and sensory perception. - ✔ ✔ Medical/Physical
What is included in adaptive behavior? (3) - ✔ ✔ Self-help skills - feeding, dressing, toileting
Composite of abilities based on a child's age and the cultural moves of the family - ✔ ✔ Adaptive Behavior
Defines an individual w/ significant subaverage general intellectual functioning concurrently w/ deficates in adaptive behavior manifesting during the developmental period and adversely affecting performance.
- ✔ ✔ Intellectual Disability
Related to diseases or chronic health conditions a student w/ limited strength, vitality, or alertness that adversely affects educational performance. - ✔ ✔ Other Health Impairments
What are the three ways cognition can transform? - ✔ ✔ Maturity, practice, normal aging
What are the areas of human development? (4) - ✔ ✔ Social and Emotional; Language; Congnition; Physical and Sensory
How is it that individuals w/ the same disablities can differ in the way they learn? - ✔ ✔ 1. Cognitive factors
- Affective and Social-adaptive factors: cultural, linguistic, gender, socioeconomic
- Genetic, medical, motor sensory, and chronological age
This court case requires that children w/ disablities must be provided a free and appropriate education w/out execption. - ✔ ✔ 1989 Timoth v. Rochester School District
This law provides funds specifically for students considered economically disadvantaged, limited English proficient, or disabled if also identified as gifted or talented. - ✔ ✔ Jacob K Javits - Gifted and Talented Education act -
What is the primary factor in the dignosis of mental retardation? - ✔ ✔ Lack of appropriate adaptive behavior skills.
Includes the combination of both auditory and visual disablities that are the cause of sever communication deficts and other learning problems, individual may need a combination of supplementary assistance. - ✔ ✔ Deaf-Bindness
A combination that may adversely affect the educational performance of students and includes deafness and hard of hearing. - ✔ ✔ Hearing Impairment
A combination of impairments that causes severe educational conditions that connot be accommodated in special education programs for only one disablity - ✔ ✔ Multiple Disabilites
Communication disorders that affect the educational performance in an adverse manner including stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairments, or voice imparments. - ✔ ✔ Speech/Language Impairment
Significant deficits in development - ✔ ✔ Developmental Disabilities
What are the 13 categories of disablities? - ✔ ✔ 1. Autism
- Emotional Disturbance/Behavior Disorder
- Hearing Impairment
- Intellectual Disability
- Orthopedic Impairment
- Other Health Impairment
- Drawing inferences and understanding perceptions
Communication disorders that affect the educational performance in an adverse manner, including stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairments, or voice impairments. - ✔ ✔ Speech/Language Impairment
An acquired injury to the brain caused by external physical force that results in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairments that adversley affects educational performance and does not include brain injuries that are congenital, generative, or birth induced. - ✔ ✔ Traumatic Brain Injury
Includes any impairment of vision (totally blind, functionally blind, and low vision) that even with correction, adversely affects a students educational performance. - ✔ ✔ Visual Impairment
What is the most rapidly increasing category of exceptional students? - ✔ ✔ Autism (A)
Who is affected by Autism more? And at what rate? - ✔ ✔ Boys are 4 times as often affected.
What is the second largest category of exceptional students? - ✔ ✔ Communication Disorder
Who is affected by Communication Disorder more? - ✔ ✔ Boys
What is the 4th largest category of exceptional students? - ✔ ✔ Emotional Disturbance/Behavioral Disorder
What is the second largest group of students receiving services? - ✔ ✔ Gifted/Talented
What is the largest category of exceptional students being served? - ✔ ✔ Learning Disablity
What is the third largest category of exceptional students? - ✔ ✔ Intellectual Disability
What category of exceptional students makes up 10% of the special education population? - ✔ ✔ Intellectual Disability
Children in this category exibit two or more conditions of disablity, with one being a category or sensory impairment. - ✔ ✔ Multiple Disabilities
What is the most commonly acquired disablity? - ✔ ✔ Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
What may be caused by neurobiological conditions, abnormal brain development, genetics, multiple biological causes, and environmental factors? - ✔ ✔ Autism
What is caused by biological factors (brain disorders, gentics, temperament), and environmental factors (home, community, school)?
- ✔ ✔ Emotional Disturbance/Behavioral Disorder
What is caused by genetic factors, illness, prematurity, disease, or noise induced? - ✔ ✔ Hearing Impairment
What is caused by biomedical, enviroment, or unknowns that result from factors that occur in one of three stages: prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal? - ✔ ✔ Intellectual Disability
What is caused primarily by illlness, disease, trauma, accident, or injury? - ✔ ✔ Orthopedic and Other Health Impairment
Team Teaching - ✔ ✔ both teachers are delivering the same instruction at the same time
Contingency-based self management - ✔ ✔ Makes students responsible for monitoring their behavior
PL-94-142 EHA - ✔ ✔ Guaranteed FAPE in LRE
PL 108-364 ATA reauthorized - ✔ ✔ provided support for school- work transition projects
cont' a national web site on assistive technology
Assisted states in creating and supporting: device loan programs,financial loans to individuals w/disabilities to purchases AT devices, equipment demonstrations
Timothy W. v. Rochester new Hampshire school disrtict 4 - ✔ ✔ regardless of severity of a disability a students disability, a public education is the right of every child
doe v. withers - ✔ ✔ Teachers are responsible for the implementation of accommodations specified in IEP
cedar rapids school v. garret - ✔ ✔ health attendants are a related service and a districts expense if the service is necessary to maintain the student in educational programs.
Honig v doe - ✔ ✔ students who misbehavior is related to their disability can not be denied education
irving independent school district v. tatro - ✔ ✔ Defining related services
burlington school committee v. dept. of edu - ✔ ✔ public school must pay for private school if the public school does not provide an appropriate education
What is required for all children who are identified as disabled and require special services? - ✔ ✔ IEP - Individual Education Plan
Difficulties using expressive and receptive language, delays in pragmatics and problems with fluency, voice, and articulation - ✔ ✔ Speech/Language Impairment
Achievement is not commensurate with abilities and demonstrates difficulties w/ listening, reasoning, memory, attention, social skills, perception, and processing information which may emerge w/ problems in reading, written language, math, and behavior. - ✔ ✔ Specific Learning Disablity
Conditions of medical problems w/ limited strength, vitality, and alertness such as diabetes, epilepsy, attention deficits, and disease. - ✔ ✔ Other Health Impairments
Physical problems such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and Spina Bifida, possibly requiring adaptations w/ devices and equipment.
- ✔ ✔ Orthopedic Imprairments
Deficits in adaptive behaviors problems w/ learning related to cognition, difficulties w/ memory, issues w/ problem solving, delays in social skills, difficulties generalizing skills, and attention problems. - ✔ ✔ Intellectual Disability
Augmentative Technology - ✔ ✔ supports students w/ disabilities who have oral language problems
oral reading software - ✔ ✔ drills and practice for students w/reading probs. :LD,ASD,MR ect
Word processing software - ✔ ✔ Support students w/written expression deficits
computer technology - ✔ ✔ crucial accommodation for those who are visually impaired
perseveration - ✔ ✔ continual repetition of behavior by a student who is most likely not able to stop this behavior w/o intervention
Authentic learning - ✔ ✔ teaching that uses real world projects and activities to allow students to discover and explore in the manner that is relevant to them
chunking - ✔ ✔ allows students to remember and organize large amounts of information
behavior rating scale - ✔ ✔ checklist or questionaire
How can some disablities be prevented? (10) - ✔ ✔ 1. Proper and early medical care
- Appropriate mother and child nutrition
- Advances in medical treatments
- Genetic counseling for families
- Testing such as PKU or amniocentesis
- Environmental improvements
- Early intervention programs
- Parent training programs
- Elimination of childhood diseases, traumas, and accidents
- Availability of vaccinations and immunizations
The measure of the length of time a student engages in a particular behavior - ✔ ✔ Duration
The measure of how problematic or complicates a particular behavior is
A reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior is w/held, so the behavior will decrease until it no longer exisits - ✔ ✔ Extinction
the amount of thime (how often) that a behavior reoccures. - ✔ ✔ Frequency
The degree to which a behavior is repeated - ✔ ✔ Intensity
The extent that a previously learned behavior continues after the intervention to support it has been ended. - ✔ ✔ Maintenance
List three of the more complicated multiple combinations of exceptionalities. - ✔ ✔ deaf-blindness, gifted-learning disabled, mental retardation-emotional disturbance
What transitions programs are avaliable for adults with exceptioal needs? - ✔ ✔ self-advocacy, problem solving, self-care, employment skills, community development, behavior management, leisure activities, and independent living
- least restrictive environment LRE
- Due process procedures (procedural safeguards)
- Parent and student participation (shared decision making)
No child with a disablity may be excluded from a public education - ✔ ✔ Zero reject (Child Find system)
Nondiscriminatory identification and evaluation must be conducted, which includes procedures followed and tools utilized. - ✔ ✔ Non- bias testing
The education of students w/ disibilities must be at the public expense based on the development of an IEP that includes related services - ✔ ✔ Free and Apppropriate Public Education (FAPE)
Children w/ disablities must be educated w/ non-disabled children to the maximum extent appropriate and a contimuum of placement services must be imposed. - ✔ ✔ Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
Requires parent and student rights regarding assessment, placement, and service implementation of education program be instituted. - ✔ ✔ Due Process Procedures (Procedual Safeguards)
Parents and students (as appropriate) must be included in the special education process helping to make plans and decisions. - ✔ ✔ Shared Decision Making
What are 4 changes found in the IDEIA? - ✔ ✔ 1. Paperwork reduction
- Short-term objectives and benchmarks eliminated from IEPs
- Implementation of comprehensive and multiyear (3-year) IEPs
- Focus on highly qualified teachers to align IDEA with NCLB
What does IDEIA-Part B focus on? (6) - ✔ ✔ 1. Students with disablities ages 3-
- Educational programs in public schools settings
- Educators, staff, and other school professional providing services
- yearly evaluations and an annual review of a students' program
- Participation in transition services from Part C
- An IEP that describes the individual students' needs
What does IDEIA-Part C focus on? (6) - ✔ ✔ 1. Students with disablities ages birth - 3 years
- Family and child services in natural environments, such as the home
- A service of case manager to coordinate necessary services
- Evaluations two times per year with regular reviews
- Participation in the transition services to Part B
- An ISFP to describe the child's and family's needs
Extends civil rights to individuals with disablities focused on prohibiting discrimination in education, employment, and othe rcommunity settings; requiring compliance by any recipient of federal funds even though these requirments aren not monetarily supported by the federal government. - ✔ ✔ Section 504 (Rehabilitation Act of 1973)
Case established the right for all children with mental retartdation to a free public education. - ✔ ✔ Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v the Commonwealth of Pennsylvaina 1972
Case ordered schools to provided extended school year services for students w/ disablities who may regress over long periods w/out attending formal school programs. - ✔ ✔ Armstrong v Kline
Case ruled that IQ tests could not be used as the primary or sole basis of placing students in special programs - ✔ ✔ Larry P. v Riles
Case upheld that each child w/ a disablity has the right to an individualized program and supportive services deemed appropriate and necessary - ✔ ✔ Board of Edu of the Hudson School District v Rowley 1982
Case ruled that the training and education for a student with multiple disablities required in private residential placement would be supported through district funds. - ✔ ✔ Abrahamson v Hershman 1983
Case ruled that homebound instruction for a student w/ multiple health problems did not comply with the LRE and required the studnet be placed in a class with non-disabled children and receive the necessary related medical services. - ✔ ✔ Department of Edu v Katherine D. 1984
Case forced the school to provide non-physician required medical services to allow a physically impaired student to attend school - ✔ ✔ Irving Independent School District v Tatro 1984
Case ruled that students w/ disablities may not be excluded for misbehavior that is disability-related, but servies could cease if the behavior was not related to the disablity - ✔ ✔ Honig v Doe 1988
Case upheld that all children w/ disabilities must be provided a free and appropriate public education w/out exception - ✔ ✔ Timothy v Rochester School District 1989
Case determined that a student in a parochial school should be provided the assistand of a related service pertaining to the diability and that these findings did not violate the constitution of the separation of church and state. - ✔ ✔ Zobrest v Catalina School District 1993
Case ruled to support a family preference to educate a child w/ mental retardation in the general education classroom - ✔ ✔ Oberti v Board of Edu
Case affirmend that public schools are not obligated to provide special education services if parents choose to place their child in a private school - ✔ ✔ Foley v Special School District of St. Louis County 1998
Case ruled that medical services necessary to a student w/ a disability to access and benefit from special education must be provided by the school as long as the service does not require a physician. - ✔ ✔ Cedar Rapids v Garrett F 1999
The process of supporting the abilities of and promoting the causes for persons with exceptional needs. - ✔ ✔ Advocacy
The phenomenon of the biased reactions to those with disablities. - ✔ ✔ Handicapism
