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AUDIT COURSE : WATER

MANAGEMENT ACTS

NAME: RIYA PATIL ROLL NO: SE(IT) PRN NO: 71917133E PROF INCHARGE: PROF.LOKHANDE MAM

WATER MANAGEMENT

Water management is the activity of planning,

developing, distributing and managing the optimum

use of water resources. Water is a basic necessity.

No living creature can live without water. There’s a

scarcity of water. To avoid this scarcity, water is

saved and managed efficiently.

ADVANTAGES OF WATER MANAGEMENT Water Resources Management (WRM) is the process of planning, developing, and managing water resources, in terms of both water quantity and quality, across all water uses. It includes the institutions, infrastructure, incentives, and information systems that support and guide water management. There are lots of advantages of water sources. For example water resources can be used for hydro power generation. These resources are also use in fields for growth of greenery. It is also cause of rain fall by evaporation.

OBJECTIVES OF WATER MANAGEMENT Water Resources Management objectives can include promoting conditions for environmentally sustainable, economically efficient and equitably allocated use of water resources. They also include to increase the benefits and reduce the risk related to existing hydraulic infrastructure

ACTS RELATED TO WATER  (^) 1882 - The Easement Act allows private rights to use a resource that is, groundwater, by viewing it as an attachment to the land. It also states that all surface water belongs to the state and is a state property.  (^) 1897 - The Indian Fisheries Act establishes two sets of penal offences whereby the government can sue any person who uses dynamite or other explosive substance in any way (whether coastal or inland) with intent to catch or destroy any fish or poisonous fish in order to kill.  (^) 1956 - The River Boards Act enables the states to enrol the central government in setting up an Advisory River Board to resolve issues in inter-state cooperation.

 (^) 1974 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act establishes an institutional structure for preventing and abating water pollution. It establishes standards for water quality and effluent. Polluting industries must seek permission to discharge waste into effluent bodies. The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) was constituted under this act.  (^) 1977 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act provides for the levy and collection of cess or fees on water consuming industries and local authorities.  (^) 1978 - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules contains the standard definitions and indicate the kind of and location of meters that every consumer of water is required to affix.

INTERNATIONAL WATER LAW FRAMEWORK International water law includes a number of instruments. They may not all apply directly in India but contribute in various ways to the development of water law at the international as well as national levels. For many years, international water law included mostly treaties concerning navigation in international rivers, which constituted one of the early areas of collaboration among states. This has been expanded to many non navigational aspects over time but the focus on international watercourses remains an important part of water law, as exemplified in the Farakka treaty. [4] Indeed, the only multilateral treaty in the field of water is a convention concerning non-navigational uses of international watercourses. This treaty adopted in 1997 provides a framework for cooperation among states on international watercourses concerning the use of their waters apart from navigational aspects. The basic principle it proposes for using international

LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN INDIA National water law is more developed than international water law. Nevertheless, India lacks an umbrella framework to regulate freshwater in all its dimensions. The existing water law framework in India is characterised by the co-existence of a number of different principles, rules and acts adopted over many decades. These include common law principles and irrigation acts from the colonial period as well as more recent regulation of water quality and the judicial recognition of a human right to water. The lack of an umbrella legislation at the national level has ensured that the different state and central legal interventions and other principles do not necessarily coincide and may in fact be in opposition in certain cases. Thus, the claims that landowners have over groundwater under

Increasing use of water has led to a number of suggestions to remedy the situation. This includes new strategies to cope with all the various water-related issues. Water pollution has been addressed through the introduction of environmental measures to control and reduce it. Access to domestic water has been the object of various governmental and other programmes. The provision of irrigation water and water to cities has, for instance, been taken up in the context of the construction of large dams. There have also been progressive calls for changes of the law and policy framework concerning water. This is due to two broad factors. Firstly, the water law and policy framework was for a long time the object of relatively little attention. While many water- related laws were adopted over several decades, comparatively little was done to provide a broader integrated framework for water. Secondly, the recognition that there is a water crisis in most

Water sector reforms have been proposed as a way

to address diminishing per capita availability,

increasing problems in water quality and increasing

competition for control, access and use of available

freshwater. They seek to comprehensively reform

governance in the water sector. Current reforms

seek in particular to reduce the role played by the

public sector and to emphasise the direct

contributions of individuals to their water needs

and the participation of the private sector.

These governance changes are underpinned by a

number of principles, which guide the reform

process. This section highlights some of the main