Download PPL Air Law: Questions and Answers for Pilots and more Exams Aviation in PDF only on Docsity!
PPL Air Law
What is the routine reason for which the low-flying rules may be broken? - โ โ Landing and taking off.
Should you, as the aircraft commander, report to ATC any hazardous flight conditions encountered, such as severe windshear or turbulence, rapidly deteriorating visibility, or an unserviceable runway? - โ โ Yes
Are aerobatics permitted over a congested area? - โ โ No
What two things must you do as a pilot in order to fly practice instrument approaches in VMC? - โ โ Carry a 'competent observer' and inform ATC.
What four things must you do immediately if intercepted by another aircraft? - โ โ โข Follow the instructions given by the intercepting aircraft, interpreting and responding to visual signals;
- Notify, if possible, the appropriate Air Traffic Services Unit;
- Attempt to establish radio communication with the aircraft or control unit on 121.50 MHz, giving your callsign and the nature of your flight;
- Squawk code to 7700 on your transponder, unless otherwise indicated by the ATSU.
Avoid using hand signals because they could be misinterpreted.
Where would you find an aerodrome directory? - โ โ The aerodromes (AD) section of the AIP.
Two principal sources of regulations for the private pilot? - โ โ Air Navigation Order and Air Navigation (General) Regulations.
Define the 'competent authority' in a country. - โ โ The authority responsible under the law of that country for promoting the safety of civil aviation. For the UK, this is the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).
Name the body that has taken over the regulation of licensing for British and EU pilots and aircraft since 2012. - โ โ European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).
Name the two EASA regulations pertinent to the private pilot in the UK.
- โ โ The 'Basic Regulation' and the 'Aircrew Regulation'. They can be found on the EASA website.
Name the four documentation channels that make up the CAA's Aeronautical Information Service (AIS). - โ โ 1) The UK Aeronautical Information Publication (UK AIP);
Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs, distributed by the NATS AIS website);
Pre-Flight Route and Aerodrome Information Bulletins;
Aeronautical Information Circulars (AICs).
What are the three main headings under the UK AIP? - โ โ Part 1 - General (GEN)
Part 2 - En-route (ENR)
Part 3 - Aerodromes (AD)
What is a Civil Aviation Publication (CAP)? - โ โ Subsidiary documents produced by the CAA which intend to present vital aviation- related matters in a simple form. An example is CAP 413, the radiotelephony manual.
What are the four possible combinations of aeronautical light beacons at an aerodrome, and what do they mean? - โ โ They mean that it's dark, the airfield is in operation, and give its type.
Flashing red beacon = Military aerodrome
Flashing green beacon = Civil aerodrome
White beacon / white flashing = Civil aerodrome
White/green flashing beacon = Civil aerodrome
An aircraft must not taxi on the apron or the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome without... - โ โ the permission of the aerodrome authorities.
What is the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome? - โ โ The part of the aerodrome provided for the take-off and landing of aircraft and for the movement of aircraft on the surface (i.e. taxiing), excluding aprons and maintenance areas.
On an aerodrome, what is an apron? - โ โ A paved area used for purposes other than flight operations, such as the loading/unloading of an aircraft, and maintenance.
What is an aerodrome traffic zone (ATZ)? What are their standard physical dimensions? - โ โ Amounts of airspace around most
aerodromes, designated such due to the intensity of aerial activity. ATZs are not allocated a specific airspace classification, but adopt the class of airspace within which they are located.
The standard physical dimensions are:
- from ground level to 2000 ft above aerodrome level (aal);
- within the area bounded by a circle of radius:
(i) 2 nm, where the length of the longest runway is 1850 m or less; or
(ii) 2.5 nm, where the longest runway is greater than 1850 m; -- the centre of the circle being the mid-point of the longest runway.
Some 2 nm ATZs are expanded to 2.5 nm radius to provide at least 1. nm clearance from the end of all runways.
What is take-off run available (TORA)? - โ โ The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.
What is take-off distance available (TODA)? - โ โ The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided.
What is the accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA)? - โ โ The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the stopway, if provided.
Runway edge lights. These show the width of the runway and are white.
If the runway has edge lights, it will also have end lights. These are placed at right angles to the runway's axis, show red and are fixed in the direction of the runway.
Colour of aerodrome signs. Mandatory instruction signs should be BLANK on a BLANK background. - โ โ white on a red background
Where take-offs and landings are not confined to a runway, a flying machine about to take off must leave clear on its BLANK any aircraft which has taken off, or is about to take off. - โ โ Left.
A flying machine after landing must... - โ โ move clear of the landing area as soon as possible, unless ATC otherwise authorises.
An aircraft flying in sight of the ground and following a line feature should keep the feature on its BLANK, except where flying in controlled airspace, and where it was instructed to do otherwise by the appropriate ATC authority. - โ โ left
If any required light fails in flight and cannot be repaired or replaced at once, the aircraft must... - โ โ land as soon as it can safely do so, unless ATC authorises continuation of the flight.
On aeroplanes and airships the green main navigation light on the starboard wing and red main navigation light on the port wing show through BLANKยฐ from dead ahead out to their respective sides.
The white tail-light shows through BLANKยฐ either side of dead astern.
An anti-collision light, where carried, is a BLANK BLANK BLANK showing in all directions. - โ โ 110
70
flashing red light
If at night you see the red navigation light of an approaching aircraft out to the left, will your paths cross? - โ โ No. A red light out to the left is safe (i.e. red to red is safe). A red light out to the right, however, could mean that the risk of a collision exists.
If at night you see both the red and green lights of another aircraft, then the aircraft is... - โ โ flying directly towards you. If the white light is visible, it is flying away from you.
In addition to the standard aircraft lights, what light do airships carry? - โ โ A white nose-light showing through 110ยฐ either side of dead ahead.
What is the definition of night in the UK, as defined by the Rules of the Air? - โ โ The period of time from 30 minutes after sunset until 30 minutes before sunrise.
Briefly describe the failure of power unit rule. - โ โ Don't fly so low that you would cause harm if you had to make an emergency landing in the event of a loss of power.
(ii) at a landing site which is not an aerodrome, in accordance with procedures notified by the CAA and with the written permission of the organiser of the assembly.
If you are flying an aircraft in circumstances such that more than one of the low-flying rules apply, which height must you fly at? - โ โ The greatest height required by any of the applicable rules.
What is the Air Navigation Order (2016)? - โ โ A statutory instrument, enacted by Parliament, which forms the basis for civil aviation in the UK.
What is a Schedule? - โ โ An appendix to the Air Navigation Order which gives further detail. For example, #1 gives the legal definitions for the terms used in the ANO, while #13 sets out the penalties for contraventions of the ANO.
Why is the Standardised European Rules of the Air (SERA) relevant to UK pilots? - โ โ The rules have applied in the UK since 2012, and replace most, but not all, of the UK Rules of the Air regulations.
Who or what do the UK Rules of the Air apply to? - โ โ 1) All aircraft in the UK and neighbouring offshore installations.
- All UK-registered aircraft wherever they may be.
When may the Rules of the Air or SERA be justifiably broken? - โ โ To avoid danger, if necessary. When this happens, the circumstances must be reported to the competent authority in writing within ten days.
When does a collision risk between aircraft exist? - โ โ When one aircraft is at the same level or approaching another, its range is decreasing and its relative bearing remains constant.
(If the other aircraft is visible in the windscreen, and not moving, this is a warning sign).
An aircraft which is obliged to give way to another aircraft must avoid...
- โ โ passing over, or under, or crossing ahead of, the other aircraft (unless passing well clear of it).
An aircraft with right of way should... - โ โ maintain its course and speed.
How should two aircraft approaching head on avoid each other? - โ โ Each must turn right.
In an overtaking situation in the air, which aircraft has right of way? - โ โ The aircraft being overtaken.
How should an overtake in the air be correctly made? - โ โ The overtaking aircraft must keep right of the aircraft being overtaken.
When does an overtaking situation in the air exist? - โ โ When the overtaking aircraft is within 70ยฐ of the overtaken aircraft's centreline.
How should a glider overtake another glider? - โ โ By turning either left or right.
In relation to converging aircraft in the air, the correct order is: - โ โ Powered aircraft must give way to airships, sailplanes and balloons.
Where take-offs and landings are not confined to a runway, a flying machine or glider when landing must leave clear on its BLANK any aircraft which has landed, or is already landing, or is about to take off (i.e. keep to the BLANK of other aircraft). - โ โ Leave clear on its LEFT other A/C
(i.e. Keep to the RIGHT of other A/C).
Where take-offs and landings are not confined to a runway, if an aircraft is obliged to turn when taxiing on the landing area, it shall turn BLANK after the commander has satisfied himself that such action will not interfere with other traffic movements. - โ โ Left.
Do you need permission to land at an unlicensed aerodrome? - โ โ Yes, from the aerodrome owner or person in charge.
In relation to aerodrome documents, what does 'PPR' stand for? - โ โ Prior permission required. It means you must telephone the airfield owner or operator in advance of departure.
Avgas equipment at aerodromes is usually marked in which colour? - โ โ Red
If an aircraft is expected at an aerodrome, the commander must inform the authorities at that aerodrome ASAP if... - โ โ the destination is changed or arrival will be delayed by 45 minutes or more.
