Power Generation Stations - Electrical Engineering - Lecture Slides, Slides of Electrical Engineering

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POWER

GENERATING

STATION

Topics

•^

Introduction

-^

Advantages

of

Electrical

energy

•^

Natural

Sources

of

Energy

Water

Fuels

Nuclear

energy

Sun

Wind

Sea

Waves

Tides

Biomass

Introduction

•^

Electricity plays very important role in ourdaily

life.

All

our

activities

are

directly

or

indirectly

related

to

electricity.

Electricity

come in India in 1897 at Darjeeling. In Delhithe

first

electricity

generating

plant

was

established on 1905 for public.

-^

We know the demand of electricity keeps onincreasing as the dependence of man

kind

increasing day by day.

Introduction

•^

The electrical energy is generated at far awayplaces and consumed by different consumersin cities, towns and villages. When the energyis^

transmitted

and

distributed

to

various

consumers

there

is^

loss

of

energy

called

transmission losses.

-^

In fact, in India, a large portion of these lossesis due to theft of electrical energy.

Advantages

of

Electrical

Energ

4. Cleanliness : Electrical energy , heating and

electrical gadgets do not produce any smoke,dust etc.

5. No poisonous Gases : Electrical energy is not

associated

with

smoke,

fumes

or

other

harmful gases. So it can be used safely fordomestic and industrial purposes.

6. Easy to operate : Electrical systems starting,

control and operation is very simple.

Natural

Sources

of

Energy

1. Water2. Fuels3. Nuclear

Energy

4. Sun5. Wind6. Sea

waves

7. Tides8. Biomass

etc.

Water

In India, one of the major hydro electric power

project is Bhakra Nangal Project. The dam iserected across the river Sutlej and a lakecalled Gobind Sagar is created behind it. Thisproject has two power houses :The

capacity

of

left

bank

is^

MW

and

capacity of right bank is 660 MW and overallcapacity is 1200 MW.

Water

The

energy

flow

diagram

is

as

under:

Potential

or^

Kinetic

Energy

of^

water

Mechanical

Energy

Electrical

Energy

Solid

Fuels

The main solid fuel is coal, which is available in

nature in huge quantity. By the combustion ofcoal in the boiler, heat energy is produced whichis utilized to convert water into steam. Thissteam is used to run the turbines, to whichgenerator is coupled. Thus electrical energy isgenerated. This type of energy generation isvery popular in India.Heat

energy

of Coal

Potential

or

Kinetic

energy of^ steam

Mechanical^ Energy

Electrical^ Energy

liquid

Fuels

The main liquid fuel is diesel. The diesel is injected

into the piston cylinder of diesel engine, whereburning of diesel take place which developsmechanical energy. A generator is coupled todiesel engine and this mechanical energy isconverted into electrical energy. The runningcost of these systems is very high.

Heat

energy

of diesel

Mechanical

Energy

Electrical

Energy

Nuclear

Energy

The heavy substance whose nucleus can be broken

into fragments is called nuclear fuel. The onlysubstance found in nature which fissions and iscapable of propagating nuclear chain reaction isUranium.

By

fission

of

nuclear

of

Uranium,

binding energy is released in the form of heatenergy, which is used for conversion of waterinto steam. Steam is used to run turbines, and acoupled

generator

produces

electrical

energy.

The operating cost is very low, however limitedavailability of material and high initial cost arethe main drawbacks.

Sun

This is the primary source of energy. Sun

radiates

energy

in

the

form

of

electro

magnetic waves, which includes heat, lightand

lot

of

ultra

violet

radiations.

Heat

energy

received

by

the

upper

layer

of

atmosphere is of the order of 1000 Kcal/m

This heat energy may be converged at theboiler by using reflectors. This is used to runsteam

turbines,

which

coupled

with

generator

and

hence

produce

electrical

energy.

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Wind

energy

Wind pressure is developed due to heating

and cooling of atmosphere and this windenergy is utilized in wind mills to drive smallgenerators. This energy generated is used tocharge the bank of batteries for continuoususe. Power generation in this case is limitedand

depend

upon

velocity

of

wind.

The

electrical

energy

in

this

case

is

very

economical.

Kinetic

energy

of wind

Mechanical

energy

Electrical

energy

Sea

Waves

Considerable energy is possessed by the waves of

ocean

in

the

form

of

potential

energy.

The

amount of energy depends upon the amplitudeand pitch of waves. In india, a wheel is kept in boxand placed at the bottom of a ship. Dependingupon the amplitude of wave the ship tilts in anydirection , wheel starts rotating and a generator iscoupled which gives electrical energy. In this case,the generated electrical energy is very small anduse for charging the batteries.

potential

energy of^ tides

Mechanical

energy

Electrical

energy