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Portage Microbiology Exam #5, Exams of Microbiology

University of Michigan (UM) - Ann ArborMicrobiology

Define the concept of universal precautions (short answer) - Universal precautions means any and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous (or pathogenic) materials List at lease 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing and unknown microbial sample (short answer) - Need to note: 1. Size and shape 2. Any observable motility 3. Gram status (positive or negative) While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the following observations: 1) the presence of any motility and 2) its Gram status using the same sample- the liquid sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and why? (short answer) - You must determine motility before determining Gram status. Motility requires a wet mount, while gram staining requires heat fixing the sample. If one were to begin with the gram stain, the heat fixation process would kill the organism

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/05/2025

karynwilliams
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Portage Microbiology Exam #5/update
2024/newest release
Define the concept of universal precautions (short answer) - Universal precautions means any
and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous (or
pathogenic) materials
List at lease 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing and unknown
microbial sample (short answer) - Need to note:
1. Size and shape
2. Any observable motility
3. Gram status (positive or negative)
While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the following
observations: 1) the presence of any motility and 2) its Gram status using the same sample- the
liquid sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and why? (short answer) -
You must determine motility before determining Gram status. Motility requires a wet mount,
while gram staining requires heat fixing the sample. If one were to begin with the gram stain, the
heat fixation process would kill the organism, making any observations regarding motility
impossible. The correct approach would be to place the liquid culture on a glass slide and determine
its motility status. Next, the same liquid culture can be heat fixed and gram stained.
A facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions? (short answer)
- A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic
(without oxygen) conditions
True or False: The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide antigenic groups of alpha-hemolytic
Streptococcus - False. The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide beta-hemolytic strep
The distinctions for Lancefield subgroups lie in its: (select all that apply)
A. Catalase activity
B. Carbohydrate composition of antigens
C. Hemolytic activity
D. All of the above - B. Carbohydrate composition of antigens
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Portage Microbiology Exam #5/update

2024/newest release

Define the concept of universal precautions (short answer) - Universal precautions means any and all samples, whether known or unknown, are to be treated as potentially hazardous (or pathogenic) materials List at lease 3 observations a researcher would be sure to note while assessing and unknown microbial sample (short answer) - Need to note:

  1. Size and shape
  2. Any observable motility
  3. Gram status (positive or negative) While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine the following observations: 1) the presence of any motility and 2) its Gram status using the same sample- the liquid sample cannot be divided. Which would you determine first and why? (short answer) - You must determine motility before determining Gram status. Motility requires a wet mount, while gram staining requires heat fixing the sample. If one were to begin with the gram stain, the heat fixation process would kill the organism, making any observations regarding motility impossible. The correct approach would be to place the liquid culture on a glass slide and determine its motility status. Next, the same liquid culture can be heat fixed and gram stained. A facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions? (short answer)
  • A facultative anaerobe is capable of growth under aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions True or False: The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide antigenic groups of alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus - False. The Lancefield groups are used to subdivide beta-hemolytic strep The distinctions for Lancefield subgroups lie in its: (select all that apply) A. Catalase activity B. Carbohydrate composition of antigens C. Hemolytic activity D. All of the above - B. Carbohydrate composition of antigens

Rheumatic fever displays _____ hemolytic activity and occurs when _____ if left untreated - Beta: strep. Pharyngitis True or False: Under most circumstances, staphylococcus can be found in ~80% of human population where it remains non-symptomatic - False. Staphylococcus in only found (non-symptomatic) in ~30% of the human population Define commensal bacteria (short answer) (know term and definition first) - The bacterium neither harms nor benefits from the host from which it obtains nutrients How can staphylococcus be differentially tested? (short answer) - Staphylococcus species are capable of growth in the presence of bile salts Symptoms of folliculitis - Pus-filled lesions on skin or hair Symptoms of scalded-skin syndrome - Ruptured-pustules; treated with penicilin Symptoms of Impetigo - Childhood skin disease near mouth/nose Symptoms of conjuctivitis - Infections of thin, transparent scieral tissue Symptoms of ophthalmia neonatorum - Infection occurs at time of birth True or False: the causative agent of conjunctivitis can be either bacterial or viral - True. There are bacterial (staph) and viral forms of conjunctivitis, both resulting in the inflammation of the conjunctiva and 'pink eye' True or False: Tuberculosis is best identified by a gram stain - False. Mycobacterium show poor Gram staining and show be screened via an acid-fast stain True or False: You can become infected with TB simply by sharing a drink with someone who is currently infected with TB - False. As per the CDC guidelines, simply shaking someone's hand, sharing a drink, or even kissing someone cannot spread TB

True or False: Bubonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes - True Which form of the plague is highly virulent? What does it target? - Pneumonic plague and the respiratory system Identify the following disease (hand with black center at site of infection) (short answer) - Anthrax Gonnorrhea is caused by (multiple choice) - Diplococcic bacteria True or False: Chlamydia trachomatis can be grown on an agar plate alone - False. Chlyamydia is an obligate parasite and requires a host for growth Gonnorhea symptoms if left untreated - Cardiac and neurological complications Syphilis symptoms if left untreated - Paralysis, blindness and dementia Chlamydia symptoms if left untreated - Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease As Streptococcus is catalase negative would it thrive or die in the presence of peroxides? Why? (short answer) - Streptococcus would not survive in the presence of peroxides—it is unable to breakdown peroxides (catalase negative). Left unchecked, peroxides would damage the cellular integrity of Strep causing lysis/cell death. Streptococcus is most often streaked ontoA. Chocolate agarB. EMB agarC. Blood agarD. Spirit Blue agar - C. Strep is often cultured on Blood agar plates to determine its hemolytic properties, which aids in the classification (and differentiation) process. Greater than 90% of all human streptococcal infections belong to (multiple choice) - Group A Left untreated, strep throat can progress to _____, which displays _____ hemolytic activity (multiple choice) - Rheumatic fever; beta

True or False: Staphylococcus is the only causative agent of conjunctivitis - False. There are bacterial and viral forms of conjunctivitis, both resulting in the inflammation of the conjunctiva and 'pink eye' True or False: An acid-fast stain is best suited to identify tuberculosis (as opposed to a gram stain) - True True or False: Although TB must be inhaled and reside in the lung in order to cause infection, TB can also spread to the brain, spine, and kidneys - True True or False: Directly ingesting clostridium or its associated spores will not cause illness in adults - True A 5-month-old child is given honey at breakfast and begins showing symptoms consistent with botulism. Would the child's illness be classified as foodborne, infant or wound botulism? - Infant. Although food (honey) is consumed, foodborne botulism is derived from improperly canned, low acid foods under anaerobic conditions. Such conditions were not described. No puncture wounds or injuries were described, ruling out wound. The child is suffering from infant botulism, as honey is a potential carrier of clostridium. The intestinal track of young children is still developing and clostridium is able to colonize and produce the associated toxin. Identify the medical condition characterized by robust carbohydrate fermentation under anaerobic conditions, swelling of the infected areas and fever. - Gas gangrene. The key identifier here is the robust carbohydrate fermentation, which manifests as intense gas production and swelling— both trademark conditions of gas gangrene. You develop a fever, chills and pneumonia after recently returning from a getaway weekend where you sat in a hot tub. What bacterial disease would a doctor suspect is causing your symptoms? Would the doctor suspect you contracted it from another person? - Legionnaires. No— legionella cannot be spread simply by direct contact between people. Legionella can only be transmitted through droplets small enough to be breathed in. True or False: Pneumonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes - False. Bubonic targets the lymph system