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Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Module 9 Exam All Versions Latest, Exams of Nursing

Geneva CollegeNursing

Portage learning Pathophysiology exam 9 is a complete document that contains all likely exam questions that could appear on exam 9. The exam questions are usually a mix of true/false, multiple choice, and application-based question

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/10/2024

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All Versions Of Exam 9 Categorized By Question Types 2024-2025
NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.
Question Type Breakdown
➢ True and false:
➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer:
➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly
encouraged to answer them in their own words.
All the Best!
True And False: Questions if False make the statement True
An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ. True
A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that produced it. False
A paracrine hormone is a hormone that produces a biologic action on the cell that released them.
False
A paracrine hormone is a hormone that acts locally on cells other than those that produce the
hormone. True
An autocrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that released them. True
Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only. False
Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies. True
The number of hormone receptors on a cell stays the same. false
Most hormones are controlled through positive feedback. False
Most hormones are controlled through negative feedback. True
hormones must be shut off in order to prevent accumulation. True
Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only. False
Target cells must have receptors to recognize a hormone and translate the signal into a cellular
response. True
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Download Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Module 9 Exam All Versions Latest and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

All Versions Of Exam 9 Categorized By Question Types 2024- 2025

NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.

Question Type Breakdown

➢ True and false: ➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer: ➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly encouraged to answer them in their own words. All the Best! True And False: Questions if False make the statement True An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ. True A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that produced it. False A paracrine hormone is a hormone that produces a biologic action on the cell that released them. False A paracrine hormone is a hormone that acts locally on cells other than those that produce the hormone. True An autocrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action on the cells that released them. True Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only. False Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies. True The number of hormone receptors on a cell stays the same. false Most hormones are controlled through positive feedback. False Most hormones are controlled through negative feedback. True hormones must be shut off in order to prevent accumulation. True Hormones travel through the bloodstream attached to transport carriers only. False Target cells must have receptors to recognize a hormone and translate the signal into a cellular response. True

Glycogenesis means glucose formation. False Insulin promotes glycogenesis and glycolysis. True The production and release of hormones by the hypothalamus requires stimulation by the pituitary gland. False When the body is in starvation mode, it breaks down fat into ketones. True Those with prediabetes have an increased risk of atherosclerotic heart disease. True Diabetes can be diagnosed by a fasting blood sugar, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin A1C. True Of all the people with diabetes, approximately 70% have type 2 diabetes. False 90% do Type 2 diabetics can improve hyperglycemia with weight loss. True Hemoglobin A1C measures glucose control over the previous 6 months. False Matching, Multiple Choice And Short Answer: Redistribution of body fat with round moon face, dorsal "buffalo hump," and relatively thin extremities suggests which of the following: cushing syndrome The following clinical measurements or lab values are commonly seen with Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: hyponatremia Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT: hyperglycemia Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT: retention of sodium What hormone affects nutrient metabolism, regulates blood glucose levels, and has anti- inflammatory actions? cortisol Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics EXCEPT: gradual, suble onset Each of the following are characteristics of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT: myxedema The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: weight loss Addison's disease is due to which of the following: adrenal gland dysfunction Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with each of the following characteristics EXCEPT: strong family history Each of the following are true about metabolic syndrome EXCEPT: pear shaped obesity If a patient is taking exogenous forms of corticosteroid hormones, what would their labs show? low levels of ACTH The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome EXCEPT: hypoglycemia Primary adrenocortical deficiency (Addison's disease) is most frequently caused by: autoimmune mechanisms

risk for and how you would screen for them? (1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of 5-10% of total body weight has been shown to improve glucose control. (2) Hypertension and hyperlipidemia - checking blood pressure and screening with a serum lipid panel.

  1. Your diabetic patient with neuropathy is at risk for developing a foot ulcer. How would you instruct him to care for his feet? List at least 3. Wear proper fitting shoes, daily feet inspection to look for blisters, sores, or signs of infection. Avoid smoking, cold temperature, bare feet.
  2. Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics? Trauma or infection may be present, but undetected due to the loss of sensation and pain. It is worsened by vascular insufficiency and the decreased ability to heal. Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly encouraged to answer them in their own words.
  3. List and describe the 3 most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus? How would you screen for these complications? (1) Retinopathy, which are microvascular changes in the retina that can lead to blindness; nephropathy, which is kidney disease caused by damage to the small vessels that can lead to renal failure; and neuropathy, which is nerve damage that causes weakness, numbness, or pain, typically in the hands or feet. (2) Retinopathy- annual dilated eye exams; (3) Nephropathy- annual urine microalbumin test; Neuropathy- monofilament test to assess sensation, vascular status, and skin integrity, should be administered annually
  4. People with diabetes should be followed closely by their health care provider to monitor glycemic control and be screened regularly for complications. List 5 ways they should be screened: Checking weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, microalbumin, foot exam, dilated eye exams, and dental exam. Define endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine. Endocrine: Hormones are released to circulation to act on a target organ (i.e. TSH, ADH) Paracrine: Hormones act locally on cells close to where they are released (i.e. estrogen and testosterone) Autocrine: Hormones produce a biologic action on the cell that released them (i.e. insulin) What are the different structural types of hormones? (1) amines and amino acids; (2) peptides and proteins; and (3) steroids, which are made from cholesterol What is the function of the hypothalamus? The hypothalamus serves to link the nervous system to the endocrine system. It regulates homeostasis, body temperature, hunger, behavior, emotion, and pain. The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones, which stimulate the pituitary to release stimulating hormones.

What is the role of the pituitary gland? The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland," since it stimulates target organs to secrete their hormones. Explain the concept of negative feedback and give an example: Negative feedback is how the body maintains homeostasis, or equilibrium. The brain is constantly monitoring hormone levels to keep levels within its certain range or set-point. Negative feedback prevents over-secretion of any hormone. The action of ADH, which dilutes the blood, is one example. Once the blood is dilute, the hypothalamus detects the dilute levels and stops releasing ADH. Explain the concept of positive feedback and give an example: Positive feedback enhances or increases the amount of the hormone that is released. One example is oxytocin, a hormone that causes the uterus to contract. The action of the uterus contracting causes more oxytocin to be released. Explain the ways in which hormones can be over-secreted: Increased hormone secretion can occur from any of the following reasons: (1) the target gland over- secretes due to pathology; (2) the pituitary or hypothalamus over-stimulates the target gland; (3) hormones are being produced from a different site (i.e. hormone producing tumor); (4) hyperactive genetic mutation of the target hormone receptors. Define glycogenesis, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis. Glycogenesis is when insulin is released from the beta cells of the pancreas to promote glucose uptake into the cells and store it as glycogen, fat, and protein. Glycolysis is when glucose is broken down for energy (also by insulin). Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells. It decreases glycolysis and increases gluconeogenesis, which is glucose formation and glycogenolysis, which is the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose.