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Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Module 8 Exam All Versions Latest, Exams of Nursing

Geneva CollegeNursing

Portage learning Pathophysiology exam 8 is a complete document that contains all likely exam questions that could appear on exam 8. Portage Learning's Pathophysiology Module 8 Exam is part of an online course that typically covers various aspects of pathophysiology. While I don't have access to specific exam content, Module 8 in such courses often focuses on a specialized area of pathophysiology The exam might include multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, or case studies. It's important to be familiar with both the theoretical aspects and clinical applications of pathophysiology

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/10/2024

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All Versions Of Exam 8 Categorized By Question Types 2024-2025
NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.
Question Type Breakdown
➢ True and false:
➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer:
➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly
encouraged to answer them in their own words.
All the Best!
True And False: Questions if False make the statement True
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of a aldosterone. True
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the Kidneys. false, angiotensin I is converted to
angiotensin II in the lungs
When the blood pressure rises, the enzyme renin is released by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the
nephron. False, when blood pressure drops, the enzyme renin is released by the juxtaglomerular (JG)
cells of the nephron
The kidneys have compensatory mechanisms needed to conserve K+ during periods of excessive loss.
False, there is no compensatory mechanism
Hyperkalemia can be caused by movement of K+ from the ECF to the ICF compartment. False,
hyperkalemia can be cause by the movement of K+ from the ICF to the ECF compartment
Matching, Multiple Choice And Short Answer:
Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: The RAA responds
when blood pressure rises above normal limits
Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: The sympathetic
nervous system cannot supersede the renal autoregulatory system.
Which of the following statements is false regarding ADH? Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute
urine. alcohol is a diuretic and will inhibit the release of ADH.
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Download Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Module 8 Exam All Versions Latest and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

All Versions Of Exam 8 Categorized By Question Types 2024- 2025

NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.

Question Type Breakdown

➢ True and false: ➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer: ➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly encouraged to answer them in their own words. All the Best! True And False: Questions if False make the statement True Angiotensin II stimulates the release of a aldosterone. True Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the Kidneys. false, angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the lungs When the blood pressure rises, the enzyme renin is released by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the nephron. False, when blood pressure drops, the enzyme renin is released by the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the nephron The kidneys have compensatory mechanisms needed to conserve K+ during periods of excessive loss. False, there is no compensatory mechanism Hyperkalemia can be caused by movement of K+ from the ECF to the ICF compartment. False, hyperkalemia can be cause by the movement of K+ from the ICF to the ECF compartment Matching, Multiple Choice And Short Answer: Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: The RAA responds when blood pressure rises above normal limits Each of the following statements are true regarding control over the GFR except: The sympathetic nervous system cannot supersede the renal autoregulatory system. Which of the following statements is false regarding ADH? Elevated levels of ADH will lead to dilute urine. alcohol is a diuretic and will inhibit the release of ADH.

Which of the following statements is true regarding nephrons? The glomerulus filters the blood while the tubule reabsorbs needed nutrients Low Na+ levels in the plasma and interstitial compartment is characteristic of which of the following fluid imbalances? water intoxication Tubular reabsorption is characterized by which of the following? Necessary solutes and fluids are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following except: Associated with a poor prognosis as it often leads to CKD the prognosis is good when underlying cause is treated Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? It is the active form of vitamin D, converted in the kidney A patient is said to be in stage 3a kidney disease. What would you expect their GFR to be? B 42 mL/min/1.73m The following are true regarding tubular secretion except: K+ is secreted in the intercalated cells A decrease in Na+ reabsorption is achieved through the action of which of the following? Diuretics Cortical nephrons are characterized by the following except: They originate deep in the cortex ,they originate superficially in the cortex Excess accumulation of fluid within the interstitial compartment is characteristic of which of the following fluid imbalances? edema Which of the following is/are true regarding acid-base disorders? (mark all that apply) Metabolic disorders are a result of a change in plasma HCO3 – levels, Respiratory disorders are a result of a change in plasma CO2 levels, Normal blood pH = 7.35-7.45! Chronic glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following except: Rarely progresses to CKD it will typically progress to CKD over time Which of the following is true of cholecalciferol? It is the inactive form of vitamin D taken in through the skin via UV rays The following are true regarding tubular secretion except: H+ along with organic acids and bases are secreted from the distal tubule ( the are secreted from the proximal tube a decrease in Na+ reabsorption is achieved through the action of which of the following? diuretics Which of the following statements is false regarding ADH? Alcohol increases ADH levels. alcohol is a diuretic and will inhibit the release of ADH. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is characterized by the following except: Hypocellularity Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? Involves humoral immunity A patient is said to be in stage 2 kidney disease. What would you expect their GFR to be? 70 mL/min/1.73m Na+ reabsorption, through the excretion of H+ ions, is achieved through the action of which of the following? aldosteronr

proteins from passing through the glomerular membrane into the filtrate. The disease process would compromise this A patient with chronic kidney disease must undergo dialysis treatments as they wait for transplantation. Give 1 reason peritoneal dialysis would be preferable to the patient over hemodialysis and 1 concern in choosing peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis: Peritoneal dialysis can be done in the patient's home as opposed to going to a dialysis clinic multiple times per week. A major concern of the utilization of peritoneal dialysis is the risk for infection at the catheter site A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy, and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all day long. They have a past medical history of hyperparathyroidism. Urinalysis reveals calcium in their urine. A CT scan is ordered, and it reveals a stone 6 mm in diameter. What type of renal calculi do you suspect? What treatment is needed? Explain your reasoning for both answers. The patient has a calcium stone given their past medical history and the findings of calcium in their urine. The stone will be unable to pass on its own given the diameter greater than 5 mm. It can be removed through ureteroscopic removal or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy. The patient may also be put on medication for pain management A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO3 - = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid-base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO2 = 35-45 mm, HCO3 - = 22-26 mEq/L: The patient is in metabolic alkalosis. The respiratory system is not compensating as PCO2 compensation falls within normal limits. Fluids are replaced with normal saline solution A patient is in the ICU following open heart surgery. The patient was feeling well earlier in the day, but suddenly began to demonstrate signs of confusion and disorientation. Blood results reveal Na+ = 100 mEq/L. Based upon these symptoms and results of blood work, what electrolyte imbalance is this patient experiencing? What treatment is indicated for this imbalance? This patient is experiencing euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. The administration of intravenous saline solution would be indicated to correct the sodium deficiency Explain why renal flow is decreased with sympathetic activity; Sympathetic activity diverts blood to the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles. During these times the renal autoregulatory system may be superseded by nervous system control. In this event, a narrowing of the afferent arteriole is caused by sympathetic nerve fibers followed by a release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla which leads to a subsequent decrease in renal flow and the GFR.

Explain why the glomerulus is situated between 2 arterioles; Arterioles are high resistance vessels resulting in an extremely high-pressure system which can easily force fluid and solutes out of the blood into the glomerular capillary along its entire length Explain why a patient with chronic kidney disease may develop anemia: Under normal circumstances, erythropoietin is synthesized in the kidneys and regulates the differentiation of red blood cells within the bone marrow. The formation of erythropoietin is hindered in chronic kidney disease. A patient presents to the emergency department with complaints of sharp pain that comes in waves in the upper lateral quadrant of the abdomen. Their skin is clammy, and they have been experiencing nausea and vomiting all day long. They have a history of UTIs. Urinalysis reveals that the pH of their urine is 7.8. A CT scan is ordered, and it reveals a stone 4 mm in diameter. What type of renal calculi do you suspect? What treatment is needed? Explain your reasoning for both answers. The patient has a magnesium ammonium phosphate stone given the elevated pH of their urine. These types of stones are the result of a UTI caused by bacteria that contains urease. Urease breaks urea down to form ammonia which raises the pH of the urine. This patient has a history of UTIs so this should be taken into consideration. This patient does not require a procedure to remove the stone. Since it is less than 5 mm in diameter, the stone should pass on its own. The patient should be placed on antibiotics to treat the UTI as well as medication for pain management. A patient is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 6.9, PCO2 = 52 mm, and HCO3- = 30 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid- base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO2 = 35-45 mm, HCO3 - = 22- 26 mEq/L: The patient is in respiratory acidosis. The renal system is attempting to compensate as HCO3 - concentration is elevated above normal limits. The goal of treatment for respiratory acidosis is improving ventilation. Supplemental O2 can be administered; in severe cases mechanical ventilation may be indicated. explain how the kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. The renal autoregulatory system causes the efferent arteriole to constrict leading to an increased resistance to outflow from the glomeruli with a subsequent increase in glomerular pressure and the GFR. When the afferent arteriole constricts there is a reduction in renal blood flow, glomerular pressure, and the GFR. 5 - year-old is brought to the emergency department after spending the day at an amusement park. The child is agitated, and their skin is flushed. No tears are produced when they cry. Blood Na+ = 152 mEq/L. Based upon these symptoms and results of blood work, what electrolyte imbalance is this patient experiencing? What treatment is indicated for this imbalance? This patient is experiencing hypernatremia. Treatment for hypernatremia includes treating the underlying cause and replenishing fluids orally or intravenously.