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Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Module 6 Exam All Versions Latest, Exams of Nursing

Geneva CollegeNursing

Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Module 6 Exam All Versions Latest

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 09/10/2024

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All Versions Of Exam 6 Categorized By Question Types 2024-2025
NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.
Question Type Breakdown
➢ True and false:
➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer:
➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly
encouraged to answer them in their own words.
All the Best!
True And False: Questions and Explain If False
The oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the PNS. False, Schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS.
Brain activity is decreased during REM sleep. False - Brain activity is increased during REM sleep
Someone in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease requires assistance for their activities of daily
living. False, patients at early stages of AD are able to independently do ADL.
Studies have implicated that an increase in serotonin and norepinephrine is the underlying certain
types of depression. False, a decrease in serotonin and norepinephrine is the underlying cause of
some types of depression.
Schwann cells produce myelin in the CNS. False - Schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS
The average age of onset for major depressive is mid-30s; however, the age of onset is increasing in
recent times. False, the age of onset is actually decreasing.
Vital signs increase during stage 1 NREM sleep. False, vital signs decrease during stage 1 NREM sleep.
Complete dependence for activities of daily living is severe Alzheimer's disease. True
Alterations in the HPA axis have been linked to PTSD. True
Muscular tone is diminished during REM sleep. True
Astrocytes help to form the blood-brain barrier which prevents toxins from the blood from entering
the brain. True
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Download Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231/BIOD 331 Module 6 Exam All Versions Latest and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

All Versions Of Exam 6 Categorized By Question Types 2024- 2025

NURS 231/BIOD 231 Pathophysiology Portage Learning.

Question Type Breakdown

➢ True and false: ➢ Matching, multiple choice and short answer: ➢ Clinical questions: Only questions are provided for clinical questions as examinees are strongly encouraged to answer them in their own words. All the Best! True And False: Questions and Explain If False The oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the PNS. False, Schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS. Brain activity is decreased during REM sleep. False - Brain activity is increased during REM sleep Someone in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease requires assistance for their activities of daily living. False, patients at early stages of AD are able to independently do ADL. Studies have implicated that an increase in serotonin and norepinephrine is the underlying certain types of depression. False, a decrease in serotonin and norepinephrine is the underlying cause of some types of depression. Schwann cells produce myelin in the CNS. False - Schwann cells produce myelin in the PNS The average age of onset for major depressive is mid-30s; however, the age of onset is increasing in recent times. False, the age of onset is actually decreasing. Vital signs increase during stage 1 NREM sleep. False, vital signs decrease during stage 1 NREM sleep. Complete dependence for activities of daily living is severe Alzheimer's disease. True Alterations in the HPA axis have been linked to PTSD. True Muscular tone is diminished during REM sleep. True Astrocytes help to form the blood-brain barrier which prevents toxins from the blood from entering the brain. True

Matching, Multiple Choice And Short Answer: Non-modifiable factors related to stroke include each of the following except: Hypertension Adjustment insomnia is characterized by each of the following except: More than 30 days of insomnia symptomology A "drop attack" is another term for which type of seizure? Atonic seizure Sleep disturbances associated with narcolepsy include each of the following except: Sleep Apnea Parkinson's disease is characterized by each of the following except: Neurofibrillary tangles The sense of vision is controlled by which cranial nerve? CN II Insomnia is characterized by each of the following except: Difficulty waking up in the morning Each of the following statements is true of Parkinson's disease except: It is characterized by an increase of dopaminergic neurons A patient experiences a seizure that manifests with repetitive hand rubbing and reports of hallucinations right before the seizure occurred. They have experienced which type of seizure? Focal seizure with impairment of consciousness or awareness Voluntary tongue movements are controlled by which cranial nerve? CN XII You are seeing a patient with Parkinson's disease in your office. You feel a catch as you passively take their arm through flexion and extension. This is an example of what physical manifestation of the disease? Cogwheeling Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of sleep? Stage 2 A person reports a generalized depressed mood, changes in appetite, and irritability that gets worse as the day goes on. They also report that they sleep more than 8 hours which is affecting their productivity. What type of depression are they experiencing? Atypical Depression Each of the following statements is true regarding the organization of the nervous system except: The somatic nervous system can be further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions Each of the following statements is true regarding Alzheimer's disease except: Neurofibrillary tangles are a result of an abnormal accumulation of amyloid in the blood vessels Delta waves appear in which stage of sleep? Stage 3 You are seeing a patient with Parkinson's disease in your office. You notice they are repetitively rubbing their right thumb and forefinger. This is an example of what physical manifestation of the disease? Pill-rolling A person reports feelings of worthlessness and guilt as well as difficulty sleeping. As they are speaking, you notice a repetitive, accentuated blinking of their eyes. What type of depression are they experiencing? Depression with catatonic features You are seeing a patient with Parkinson's disease in your office. You notice they have difficulty turning themselves around to sit in the chair, freezing in the process. This is an example of what physical manifestation of the disease? Bradykinesia

Generalized, Tonic-clonic seizure Compare and Contrast breathing patterns between NREM and REM sleep (include a discussion on the specific stages of NREM sleep.) stages 1 and 2 of NREM sleep and REM sleep, there are irregular breathing patters and short period of apenea are also displayed, once you enter stages 3 and 4 which is considered deep sleep, your breathing patterns becomes regular. A patient reports to the emergency department where you are working at 7 pm. They report that earlier that morning they began to experience numbness in their right leg. They had walked more than usual the day before, so they ignored their symptoms. As the day went on, they noticed that the numbness got worse, and they began to slur their words. By the time they are evaluated, their symptoms begin to subside. The numbness disappears, and their speech returns to normal. What do you suspect this patient has experienced? What is the clinical significance? This patient has experienced a TIA as their symptoms subsided in less than 24 hours without intervention. However, this should not be ignored as TIAs serve as a warning sign that a stroke can occur in the future. Underlying pathology such as atherosclerosis, etc. must be addressed for prevention. Explain the mechanism of electric synapses and how they contribute to the rapid propagation of an action potential. Electrical synapses allow the passage of current-carrying ions through small openings called gap junctions. These gap junctions penetrate the cell junction of neighboring cells allowing current to flow in either direction. Explain 3 mechanisms in which neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft. (1) A neurotransmitter can be broken down by enzymatic activity into inactive substances. (2) A neurotransmitter can be drawn back into the presynaptic neuron by a process known as reuptake. (3) A neurotransmitter can diffuse into the intercellular fluid until its concentration is too low to elicit a postsynaptic response. Describe the importance of brain activity that occurs during REM sleep. During this phase of sleep, incoming sensory input is blocked; the brain cannot process it. However, internalized sensory tracts are stimulated allowing previously formed memories to replay in one's mind. Studies have shown that adequate time spent in REM sleep is necessary for normal physiologic and psychologic functioning during periods of wakefulness. A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department via ambulance at 5 pm. The patient's spouse reports that when they woke up (approximately at 6 am) he reported to her that he was having some blurred vision but decided to go about his day. As the day progressed, he started experiencing tingling and feelings of weakness on the entire left side of his body. He has a past medical history of diabetes. Based upon these symptoms and past medical history, what do you suspect this patient is experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis? What treatment should be administered? Explain why you chose that treatment.

This patient is more than likely experiencing an ischemic stroke. A CT scan and MRI would be needed to determine if a clot was blocking blood flow to the brain tissue and to rule out a hemorrhagic stroke. If a clot is found, this patient would need to be re-perfused through catheter-base methods as they are outside of the 3-4.5 treatment window for the use of tPA drugs. What is the diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy? Describe 2 topics of patient education you would give to your patient to help them combat symptoms of narcolepsy. A diagnosis of narcolepsy is given if the person exhibits a mean sleep latency time of <8 minutes and two or more episodes of sleep-onset REM during the repeated nap opportunities. You may educate them on any of the following: Sleep hygiene, Avoidance of sleep deprivation, Taking several short naps (15 minutes or less) throughout the day A 72-year-old female is brought to the emergency department via ambulance at 9 am. Her husband reports that they were eating breakfast and she started to complain of a severe headache and blurred vision. She then lost consciousness, and he immediately called 911. She has a history of hypertension, and she is not compliant with her medication because she does not like the way it makes her feel. Based upon these symptoms and past medical history, what do you suspect this patient is experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis? What treatment should be administered? Explain why you chose that treatment. This patient is more than likely experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke given the sudden onset of her symptoms and the PMH of uncontrolled hypertension. A CT scan would be needed to determine if a hemorrhage has occurred. Once this is determined the goal of treatment is to stop bleeding and decrease intracranial pressure. This can be done through medication that would decrease blood pressure and intracranial pressure. A craniotomy can be done should medication not work, or the bleeding is severe. Other surgical methods may be utilized if the bleed is a result of an aneurysm or AVM. You are seeing a patient in your office with a primary complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness. Their spouse reports that they snore loudly and often wake up gasping for air. What type of sleep disorder do you suspect they are experiencing (be specific)? What type of diagnostic work up needs to be done? Name one treatment option to address this patient's symptoms. This patient is experiencing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A sleep study must be done to assess brain waves during sleep stages through EEG, cardiac rhythms with ECG, and ventilation. A day time sleep study may also need to be done to rule out narcolepsy. Treatment options depend on severity of symptoms. Any of the following are acceptable treatment options: Lifestyle changes (weight loss, sleep positioning, decrease caffeine consumption), Custom dental appliance to position the tongue and jaw forward, maintaining an open airway NCPAP Surgical intervention/tracheostomy (severe cases).