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Portage Learning NURS 231 final Exam with 100% Verified Answers., Exams of Pathophysiology

Questions and answers Exam covering various topics related to pathophysiology, including seizures, cranial nerves, parkinson's disease, sleep stages, depression, alzheimer's disease, stroke, insomnia, and the nervous system.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/12/2025

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Verified Exam with Answers
Portage Learning NURS 231 final Exam
with 100% Verified Answers.
Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. True or
False
Exam 1 - Correct Answer: ✅✅False
Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. True or False
Exam 1 - Correct Answer: ✅✅True
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply
Exam 1
1) It is involved in cellular respiration
2) They are found far from the site of energy consumption
3) They play a role in apoptosis
4) They control free radicals - Correct Answer: ✅✅It is involved in cellular respiration
They play a role in apoptosis
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply
Exam 1
1) Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2 )The main structural component is made of proteins
3) Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
4) Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation - Correct Answer: ✅✅Controls
the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
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Download Portage Learning NURS 231 final Exam with 100% Verified Answers. and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Portage Learning NURS 231 final Exam

with 100% Verified Answers.

Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. True or False

Exam 1 - Correct Answer: ✅✅False

Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. True or False

Exam 1 - Correct Answer: ✅✅True

Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply

Exam 1

  1. It is involved in cellular respiration

  2. They are found far from the site of energy consumption

  3. They play a role in apoptosis

  4. They control free radicals - Correct Answer: ✅✅It is involved in cellular respiration

They play a role in apoptosis

Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply

Exam 1

  1. Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within

2 )The main structural component is made of proteins

  1. Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells

  2. Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation - Correct Answer: ✅✅Controls the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within

Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells

Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation

Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis

Exam 1 - Correct Answer: ✅✅Dry gangrene occurs when blood supply is slowly reduced to an area. The area is dehydrated and becomes dark or black in color. Commonly seen in patients with diabetes. It is not very painful, but tissues eventually die.

Wet gangrene is caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow. The area is cold and swollen, with no pulse. This can occur from trauma. Bacteria is involved and is very painful. It has the appearance of pus, because it looks wet. There is also a foul smell

Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. True or False

Exam 2 - Correct Answer: ✅✅False Answer: cell differentiation

Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. True or False

Exam 2 - Correct Answer: ✅✅False, Answer: cell proliferation

What are two important properties that stem cells possess

Exam 2 - Correct Answer: ✅✅Potency and self-renewal

These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that they have lost their ability to divide

Exam 2 - Correct Answer: ✅✅progenitor or parent cells

is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant sites

Exam 2 - Correct Answer: ✅✅chemotherapy

The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as

Exam 2 - Correct Answer: ✅✅cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome

Exam 4

  1. Sickle cells on peripheral blood smear

  2. Loss of intrinsic factor

  3. Decreased erythropoietin

  4. Decreased ferritin - Correct Answer: ✅✅Sickle cells on peripheral blood smear

Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?

Exam 4

  1. Dietary deficiencies are not common

  2. Peripheral neuropathy can be a result of deficiency

  3. Vitamin B12 is bound to intrinsic factor

  4. MCV is decreased - Correct Answer: ✅✅MCV is decreased

Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia except:

Exam 4

  1. Obesity

  2. Diabetes mellitus

  3. High cholesterol diet

  4. Autosomal dominant disorder of LDL receptor - Correct Answer: ✅✅Autosomal dominant disorder of LDL receptor

Risk factors for coronary heart disease include each of the following except

  1. HDL > 60

  2. Smoking

  3. Hypertension

  4. Family history of heart disease - Correct Answer: ✅✅HDL > 60

is the transfer of gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries

Exam 5 - Correct Answer: ✅✅Diffusion

Each of the following can lead to atelectasis except:

Exam 5

  1. Pleural effusion

  2. Tumor mass

  3. Thrombus

  4. Mucous plug - Correct Answer: ✅✅Thrombus

A 10-year-old boy who is having an acute asthma attack is brought to the ER. He is observed to be sitting up and struggling to breathe. His breathing is accompanied by use of accessory muscles, a weak cough, and audible wheezing sounds. His pulse is rapid and weak, and both heart and breath sounds are distant on auscultation. His parents relate that his asthma began to worsen after he developed a "cold," and now he doesn't get relief from his albuterol inhaler. Explain the changes in physiologic function underlying his signs and symptoms.

Exam 5 - Correct Answer: ✅✅In most asthma patients the airway inflammation due to a cold virus causes epithelial injury. This severe airway inflammation means that the patient is probably suffering from bronchial hyper responsiveness, which causes airway obstruction and narrowing

Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the PNS

T/F - Make true if False - Correct Answer: ✅✅False, oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the CNS

Someone in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease requires assistance for their activities of daily living.

T/F - Make true if False - Correct Answer: ✅✅False, in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, individuals are still independent with their ADLs.

A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department via ambulance at 5 pm. The patient's spouse reports that when they woke up (approximately at 6 am) he reported to her that he was having some blurred vision but decided to go about his day. As the day progressed, he started experiencing tingling and feelings of weakness on the entire left

  1. Involves increased T lymphocytes - Correct Answer: ✅✅Involves humoral immunity

A patient is said to be in stage 2 kidney disease. What would you expect their GFR to be?

A. 97 mL/min/1.73m

B. 42 mL/min/1.73m

C. 70 mL/min/1.73m

D. 14 mL/min/1.73m2 - Correct Answer: ✅✅70 mL/min/1.73m

Explain how the kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body - Correct Answer: ✅✅The renal autoregulatory system causes the efferent arteriole to constrict leading to an increased resistance to outflow from the glomeruli with a subsequent increase in glomerular pressure and the GFR. When the afferent arteriole constricts there is a reduction in renal blood flow, glomerular pressure, and the GFR.

A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO3 - = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid-base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO2 = 35-45 mm, HCO3 - = 22- mEq/L. - Correct Answer: ✅✅Metabolic alkalosis. There is no respiratory compensation because the PCO2 levels fall within normal range. Treatment is fluid replacement with normal saline solution

Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the following EXCEPT:

  1. Hyperpigmentation

  2. Weight loss

  3. Muscle weakness

  4. Hyperglycemia - Correct Answer: ✅✅Hyperglycemia

An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ

True or False - Correct Answer: ✅✅True

Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies.

True or False - Correct Answer: ✅✅True

A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Lab findings show a low serum T4 and elevated TSH. 1. What diagnosis would her history and

lab findings indicate? 2. What type of treatment should be given? - Correct Answer: ✅✅1. Hypothyroidism

  1. Thyroxine

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include each of the following EXCEPT:

  1. Polydipsia

  2. Dehydration

  3. Fruity smell on the breath

  4. Bradycardia - Correct Answer: ✅✅Bradycardia

Which of the following would a patient likely report if you suspect they have OA

  1. Pain in their MCP joint

  2. Stiffness in the morning that resolves in less than 30 minutes

  3. Pain that would be described as "acute"

  4. They feel "looser" after they move around - Correct Answer: ✅✅Stiffness in the morning that resolves in less than 30 minutes

Blood circulates through bone by what means? (mark all that apply)

  1. Via the central Haversian and Volkmann canals

  2. An anastomosis between perforating and nutrient arteries

  3. Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi - Correct Answer: ✅✅All three

If someone loses their balance when walking on uneven terrain, explain how tendons and

ligaments work to protect the joint and structures within it. - Correct Answer: