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PORTAGE LEARNING A&P II LATEST
EXAM WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
question-Which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury? A. Cardiopulmonary problems B. Side-to-side spinal curvature C. Eventual herniation of discs D. Traumatic injury to ligaments - answer-D. Because of the hyperflexion and hyperextension caused by such a collision, it is not uncommon to find tears or stretching of the ligaments of the spine. The injury is front-to-back, making choice B unlikely, and a herniated disc (choice C) is more of a compression injury. question-Muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as ________. A. defecation B. osmosis C. peristalsis D. circulation - answer-C. Defecation(choice A) is the elimination of waste. Osmosis (choice B) is the movement of molecules across a membrane. Circulation (choice D) is the movement of blood through the body. Peristalsis (choice C) is the involuntary, wavelike movement of muscles in the intestine and elsewhere that pushes food along. question-Which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy? A. Vitamin
B. Carbohydrate C. Fat D. Protein - answer-A. Some nutrients supply energy, and others support metabolism. Nutrients in the first set include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Those in the secound set include vitamins, minerals, and water. Which is an anterior muscle? A. Gluteus maximus B. Quadriceps femoris C. Biceps femoris D. Adductor magnus - answer-B. An anterior muscle is located near the front of the body. Of those listed, the quadriceps( frontal thigh muscle) is the most anterior. question-How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury? A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck C. By reducing vertebral compression D. By preventing disc degeneration - answer-B. The headrest prevents the head from moving too far backward, or hyperextending the neck beyond its normal range. question-Where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell? A. In the digestive system B. In the nervous system C. In the skeletal system
D. Along the tibial nerve - answer-C. Damage to a disc in the lower back will most likely cause pain radiating downward along the sciatic nerve. question-What is the name of the bone in the human thigh? A. Ulna B. Femur C. Radius D. Humerus - answer-B. The ulna (choice A), radius (choice C), and humerus (choice D) are arm bones. question-The ovaries are part of the ___________. A. skeletal system B. nervous system C. lymphatic system D. reproductive system - answer-D. The ovaries are the egg-producing reproductive organs. question-Of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense from the others? A. A low pH in the stomach B. Cilia present in the trachea C. Body cells recognizing a pathogen D. Mucus present in the nasal cavity - answer-C. A low pH in the stomach (choice A), cilia in the trachea (choice B), and mucus (D) are primary defenses. Cells recognizing a pathogen (choice C) is a third line of defense.
question-Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth? A. The skeletal system B. The endocrine system C. The nervous system D. The reproductive system - answer-B. Hormones from the endocrine system, particularly from the pituitary gland, regulate growth. question-Which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve? A. Left atrium and right atrium B. Right atrium and right extremities C. Left ventricle and right ventricle D. Left atrium and left ventricle - answer-D. The mitral valve opens to allow oxygenated blood collected in the left atrium to flow into the left ventricle question-How might vitamin D deficiency present? A. As bleeding gums B. As swollen extremities C. As red patches D. As crooked bones - answer-D. The disease known as rickets is a product of vitamin D deficiency and results in the softening and bending of bones. question-How does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system? A. The circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system.
D. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg - answer-B. The average person in good health has a pulse of about 72 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 120 over 80 mm Hg. question-How does a sagittal section divide the body? A. Into right and left regions B. Into upper and lower regions C. Into front and back regions D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities - answer-A. A sagittal section occurs along a longitudinal plane, dividing the body into right and left regions. question-How is pepsin used by the body? A. To break down proteins B. To break down starches C. To emulsify fats and oils D. To absorb water and nutrients - answer-A. Pepsin aids chemical digestion in the stomach by breaking down proteins. question-The esophagus is part of the __________ A. endocrine system B. digestive system C. respiratory system D. nervous system - answer-B. The esophagus is the passage that connects the pharynx to the stomach.
question-Which mineral supports the function of the thyroid? A. Manganese B. Iodine C. Phosphorus D. Zinc - answer-B. Iodine is the key mineral in thyroid hormone production. Iodine deficiency can cause a goiter, swelling of the thyroid gland. question-The cheekbones are _________ to the nose. A. anterior B. proximal C. deep D. lateral - answer-D. The cheeckbones are to the right and left of the nose, meaning that they are lateral to it, or away from the body's midline. question-Which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies? A. The endocrine system B. The digestive system C. The lymphatic system D. The nervous system - answer-C. Antibodies are formed when an antigen stimulates B cells, special lymphocytes, to produce specialized proteins that combat foreign substances or organisms. question-The lateral side of the right knee would be ______. A. the kneecap.
C. Epiglottis. D. Esophagus. - answer-D. The esphagus connects the stomach and the oral cavity in the human digestive system. question-For the average person, what is true about caloric intake? A. It should increase with age after age 25. B. It should decline with age after age 25. C. It should remain constant over a lifetime. D. It should decline and then increase with age. - answer-B. The height of calorie intake for healthy, active people is approximately their mid-20s. After that, calorie intake should decline slightly as energy needs decline. question-The corpus callosum facilitates communication between _________. A. the left and right brain. B. the skeletal and neural systems. C. the brain and spinal cord. D. the thalamus and hypothalamus. - answer-A. The corpus callosum is a broad band of nerve fibers that join the two hemispheres of the brain. question-How does the integumentary system work with the nervous system? A. The integumentary system removes heat from the neurons in the nervous system. B. The nervous system circulates nutrients outward to the integumentary system. C. Touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system.
D. Messages from the nervous system affect the color and texture of the skin. - answer-C. The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and assorted glands. Receptors embedded in the skin receive information regarding heat, pain, air flow, and so on, which is transported through the nervous system to the brain. question-When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, where can blood flow? A. Between the two ventricles of the heart. B. From atrium to ventricle within the heart. C. Between the heart and the rest of the body. D. Between the atria in the heart. - answer-C. The two valves connect the heart to the pulmonary artery and the aorta, which carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body. question-Which might be a result of stenosis, or narrowing of a heart valve? A. Abdominal pain. B. Blood clots. C. Edema (swelling) in organs. D. Irregular heartbeat. - answer-D. Narrowing of the valves means that blood moves with difficultly out of the heart. Results may include chest pain, edema in the feet or ankles, and irregular heartbeat. question-The human skull contains about how many bones? A. about 5. B. about 30. C. about 60.
question-The vena cavae drain blood from the body into the _______. A. right atrium. B. right ventricle. C. left atrium. D. left ventricle. - answer-A. Deoxygenated blood first enters the heart via the right atrium. question-Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of __________. A. thiamine. B. vitamin C. C. niacin. D. protein. - answer-A. Thiamine (B1) deficiency is often found in people whoes diet consists largely of polished white rice; in refining the rice, the thiamine-rich husk is removed. Beriberi may affect several systems in the body and may lead to paralysis or death. question-How does the endocrine system work with the reproductive system? A. The reproductive system transforms minerals into useful nutrients. B. The endocrine system determines the sex of the embryo. C. The reproductive system controls the growth of secondary sex organs. D. The endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual function. - answer-D. The hormones produced by the endocrine system are critical in sexual development and reproduction. question-Which hormone controls sleep, mood, and appetite?
A. Serotonin. B. Oxytocin. C. Cortisol. D. Aldosterone. - answer-A. Oxytocin (choice B) facilitates birth and breast-feeding. Cortisol (choice C) increases blood sugar and controls some aspects of fat breakdown. Aldosterone (choice D) controls reabsorption of ions and regulates blood pressure. Serotonin (choice A) is a neurotransmitter found in the gut that regulates appetite and sleep as well as some aspects of mood. question-Which part of the brain is most posterior? A. Frontal lobe. B. Parietal lobe. C. Temporal lobe. D. Occipital lobe. - answer-D. The occipital lobe is farthest back in the skull, posterior to the other parts of the brain. question-Which of the following is an HDL cholesterol level that might warrant regular testing? A. 70. B. 60. C. 50. D. 40. - answer-D. HDL ("good") cholesterol levels in healthy adults range from around 40 to 120mh/dL, with the mean being a bit over 53. Smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle may lead to lower HDL. A level of 40 would indicate the need for regular monitoring. question-How does a transverse section divide the body?
D. Copper. - answer-D. Although iron is vital for red blood formation, copper is important for proper iron metabolism. A copper deficiency can quickly lead to anemia. question-The dorsal body cavity is _________ to the ventral body cavity. A. medial. B. deep. C. posterior. D. anterior. - answer-C. The dorsal body cavity contains the spinal column, making it posterior, or toward the back of the body, compared to the ventral body cavity, which contains the structures of the chest and abdomen. question-Which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss? A. The nervous system. B. The integumentary system. C. The lymphatic system. D. The urinary system. - answer-B. The integumentary system (the skin and its appendages) waterproofs the body from outside and guards against excess fluid loss from inside. question-Which is an anterior feature of the human head? A. The nose. B. The ears. C. The occipital lobe. D. The temporal lobe. - answer-A. Something that is anterior is toward the front of the body. The nose is the most anterior feature on the list of choices.
question-What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid? A. Oxytocin. B. TSH. C. Adrenaline. D. T4. - answer-D. Thyroxine (T4) aids in the regulation of metabolism. question-Enlargement of the thyroid, commonly known as a goiter, might be expected to affect ________. A swallowing. B. insulin levels. C. sleep. D. digestion. - answer-A. A goiter may put pressure on the trachea and esophagus, causing difficulty in breathing or swallowing. question-Which kinds of muscles are involved in peristalsis? A. Smooth muscles. B. Cardiac muscles. C. Skeletal muscles. D. Epaxial muscles. - answer-A. Peristalsis is mainly involuntary, taking part in the smooth muscles that line the intestines and other parts of the digestive tract. question-Why might certain young people be underweight?
C. Hypothalamus. D. Pncreas - answer-B. The adrenals sit atop the kidneys and produce a variety of hormones, from cortisol and testosterone to epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. question-To what two systems might the urethra belong? A. Reproductive and endocrine. B. Urinary and reproductive. C. Endocrine and urinary. D. Digestive and cardiovascular. - answer-B. In men, the urethra is part of both the reproductive and the urinary systems. question-The axial skeletal system contains all of these except ________. A. the skull. B. the ribs. C. the breastbone. D. the radius. - answer-D. The axial skeletal system is the system of bones in the head and torso, encompassing the skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs. The radius (choice D) is a bone in the arm. question-The gall bladder is part of the __________. A. endocrine system. B. urinary system. C. digestive system.
D. nervous system. - answer-C. The gall bladder stores the fat-digesting bile produced by the liver. question-Which is Not an example of a nonspecific immune response? A. Inflammation. B. Vasodilation. C. Releases of histamine. D. Production of antibodies - answer-D. In nonspecific immunity, the response is immediate and antigen-independent, meaning that the invading organism need not be identified by the body. In specific immunity, the response takes some time and is antigen-dependent, as the production of specific antibodies would be. question-Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes? A. The endocrine system. B. The urinary system. C. The lymphatic system. D. The nervous system. - answer-B. The body's electrolytes must be maintained at very precise concentrations. Excess water dilutes the body's electrolytes, whereas water restriction concentrates them. The kidneys regulate and help maintain the balance of water and electrolytes in the body. question-What is the function of the coronary artery? A. It carries oxygenated blood to the heart. B. It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. C. It distributes blood to the body.
