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PORTAGE CHEM 219 LAB 4 Synthesis of Ethanol from sucrose, Lab Reports of Organic Chemistry

Portage Lakes Career CenterOrganic Chemistry

Its LAB report 4 of CHEM 219 Principles of organic chemistry with lab by Dr. David Gallaher titled Synthesis of Ethanol from Sucrose, including purpose, procedure, observations and calculations, conclusion, and notes.

Typology: Lab Reports

2023/2024

Available from 05/20/2025

Usvah-Hasan
Usvah-Hasan 🇺🇸

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Name:
Date:
Experiment #:4
Title:Biosynthesis – Synthesis and
Characterization of Ethanol from
Sucrose
Purpose:
The purpose of this experiment is to perform fermentation of sucrose and synthesize ethanol by
utilizing enzymes from yeast. Isolate the ethanol by distillation and analyzing the sample.
Procedure:
1. Added 3.5 g of yeast in beaker and added 250 mL of distilled water in it.
2. Stirred the mixture and grounded the yeast.
3. Added 0.35 g of sodium phosphate to the slurry. Stirred the solution and placed it aside for
few minutes for the enzymes to be released.
4. Added 51.5 g of sucrose to 250 mL beaker. Added 150 mL of distilled water and stirred.
Added additional water until sugar was dissolved.
5. Added sucrose solution to fermentation flask and reserved small amount in beaker. Added
yeast slurry in flask.
6. Rinsed the yeast beaker with remaining sucrose solution and added it to the fermentation
flask.
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Download PORTAGE CHEM 219 LAB 4 Synthesis of Ethanol from sucrose and more Lab Reports Organic Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Name: Date:

Experiment #: 4

Title: Biosynthesis – Synthesis and

Characterization of Ethanol from

Sucrose

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to perform fermentation of sucrose and synthesize ethanol by utilizing enzymes from yeast. Isolate the ethanol by distillation and analyzing the sample. Procedure:

  1. Added 3.5 g of yeast in beaker and added 250 mL of distilled water in it.
  2. Stirred the mixture and grounded the yeast.
  3. Added 0.35 g of sodium phosphate to the slurry. Stirred the solution and placed it aside for few minutes for the enzymes to be released.
  4. Added 51.5 g of sucrose to 250 mL beaker. Added 150 mL of distilled water and stirred. Added additional water until sugar was dissolved.
  5. Added sucrose solution to fermentation flask and reserved small amount in beaker. Added yeast slurry in flask.
  6. Rinsed the yeast beaker with remaining sucrose solution and added it to the fermentation flask.
  1. Sealed the flask with rubber stopper to prevent oxygen and dust particles from entering.
  2. Gas trap was created by adding lime water to test tube and placing it beneath the side arm of flask.
  3. The gas bubbles of CO 2 in gas trap gave the indication of fermentation process.
  4. After a week, there was no more gas producing which indicated that fermentation process has been completed.
  5. Disassembled the fermentation set up and added 10 g celite or diatomaceous earth in flask.
  6. Shake the flask thoroughly.
  7. Placed the filter paper on Buchner funnel and switched on the water aspirator.
  8. Wet the filter paper and started the suction. Poured the solution on filter paper.
  9. Transferred the crude ethanol solution, obtained after filtration, to the distillation flask.
  10. Placed the flask in distillation setup, heated the solvent and collected 100 mL of ethanol solvent in graduated cylinder. Density measurement:
  11. Placed hydrometer in solvent and calculated the density.
  12. Placed pre measured cylinder with 100 mL of ethanol on weighing balance. Measured the mass and calculated the density. Flame test:
  13. Poured original distillate and final enriched distillate in separate beakers. Placed drops of each solvent in separate watch glasses and performed flame test on both samples. Iodoform test:
  14. Placed small amount of ethanol sample in test tube. Control was created by adding same volume of distilled water in different test tube.

Percentage yield: Conclusion: The final enriched sample's flame test revealed a blue flame, indicating the presence of ethanol. Additionally, the presence of ethanol was confirmed by the development of yellow iodoform crystals during the iodoform test. It indicates that we have successfully extracted and produced ethanol through the fermentation of sucrose. From density measurements we concluded that our ethanol sample contains water and we have synthesized 24 g ethanol from 51.5 g of sucrose. A yield percentage of more than 80% is regarded as good. As a result, the 86.5% yield indicates that the reaction was effective and successful in producing ethanol. Notes: During the fermentation process, yeast's enzymes convert sugar into ethanol. The process of fermentation requires sodium phosphate. Oxygen is prevented to enter fermentation process. Carbon dioxide should be released since it will either absorb in solution and raise the mixture's acidity while slowing down fermentation, or it will build pressure in the flask and break it. Celite sticks with yeast debris and keeps it from clogging the pores of filter paper as the yeast debris is sticky and prevents efficient filtration.

On hydrometer, we read the density when the meniscus of the solvents meets the scale of hydrometer.