POLI 2051 Final Exam Prep, Exams of Political Science

Download POLI 2051 Final Exam Prep and more Exams Political Science in PDF only on Docsity!

POLI 2051 Final Exam Prep

Which of the following accurately describes the United Nations? Select one: a. The UN is an intemational organization formed immediately after World War I in an effort to avoid another world war; it consistently renounces war and respects human and economic freedoms. b. The UN was created in 1945 as an international peacekeeping organization that, over time, has not always succeeded at making or keeping peace. c. The UN was formed in the late 1930s as an international peacckecping organization and has remained isolationist from the start. d. The UN is composed of fewer than 100 member nations and focuses exclusively on peacekeeping operations. - CORRECT ANSWER-b. The UN was created in 1945 as an international peacekeeping organization that, over time, has not always succeeded at making or keeping peace. Why have multinational corporations become forces to be reckoned with in nearly all nations? Select one: a. They routinely use their money to buy government officials’ votes. b. They better understand the dangers of globalization than do most elected officials. c. They encourage isolationist policies in order to get complete control of domestic governments and markets. d. They account for a large portion of the global economy and have voiced strong opinions about - CORRECT ANSWER-d. They account for a large portion of the global economy and have vo: government and economics ed strong opinions about government and economics. What is the primary responsibility of the secretary of defense? Select one: a. homeland security b. military policy ¢. terrorism prevention d. commander-in-chief of the armed forces - CORRECT ANSWER-b. military policy Which of the following organizations contains a broad array of the president's foreign policy advisers, including the secretary of defense, the secretary of state, the chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the director of national intelligence? Seleel. one: a. the Department of Homeland Security b. NATO ¢. the National Security Council d. the Central Intelligence Agency - CORRECT. ANSWER-c. the National Security Council Which statement best describes the conflict that has sometimes existed between the National Security Council (NSC) and others within the national security establishment? Select one: The United States instituted the Marshall Plan to benefit Europe. How did the Cold War start? Select one: a. It began after World War II when there was a shortage of coal and heating fuel in Europe. b. It started when the United States established the Truman Doctrine at the end of World War II, which left Eastern European countries “in the cold" by requiring that they defend themselves. c. It began after all of Eastern Europe fell under Soviet domination after World War IL, prompting fears that the Soviets would spread communism. d. It started when the Truman Doctrine froze all military alliances according to their pre-World War II configurations. - CORRECT ANSWER-c. It began after all of Eastern Europe fell under Soviet domination aller ¥ Tl, prompt Which of the following best describes the nuclear arms race belween the world’s two superpowers during the 20th century? Select one: a. the rapid cfforts of world governments Lo arm and thereby protect Eastern European countrics from attack by the Soviet Union in the wake of World War II b. a tense relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s, during which each side was intent on obtaining more weapons than the other c. the U.S. and Soviet race in the early twenty-first century to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction to unstable governments d. the efforts to rapidly reduce the number of nuclear weapons held by the United States and the Soviet Union - CORRECT ANSWER-D. a tense relationship between the United States and the Ling [cars that the Soviets would spread communism. Soviet Union in the s and 1960s, during which each side was intent on obtaining more weapons than the other Why is terrorism such a troublesome issue in national security today? Select one: a. Few countries are willing to take the steps to combat terrorism. b. Terrorism is difficult to defend against. in an open society and root out everywhere. c. Terrorists have grown to be capable of far more destruction in foreign countries. d. Throughout history terrorists have proven themselves to be unbeatable. - CORRECT cult to defend against in an open society and root out & Which statement best describes the world’s superpowers since the end of World War II? Select one: a. The United States has been the sole superpower since the end of World War II. b. The United States and the Soviet Union were rival superpowers until the end of the Cold War, when the United States became the sole superpower. c. The United States and the Soviet Union we when the United States and Russia became rival superpowers. d. The United States and the Savict Union were the only two rival superpowers unul the end of - CORRECT ANSWER-D. The United States and the Soviet Union were rival superpowers until the end of the Cold War, when the Cold War, when China also became a rival superpowe the United States became the sole superpower. Which of the following is an example of foreign aid? e rival superpowers until the Cuban Missile Crisis, d. equality of care - CORRECT ANSWER-D. advances in medical technology Which situation is most likely to create an incentive for doctors to perform unnecessary procedures? Select one: a. a fee-for-service health insurance policy b. free market health care c.a single-payer system d.a health maintenance organization - { a. a fee-for-service health insurance policy When did health insurance become linked to employment? Select one: a. the Progressive Era b. the New Deal c. World War II d. the Obama administration - CORRECT ANSWER-c. World War IL Which statement describes a reason why universal health care was not adopted in the United States when it was first proposed more than 60 years ago? Select one: a. Liberals wanted insurance provided only by private companics. b. The American Medical Association opposed what it called “socialized medicine.” c. Members of Congress already had health care. d. Americans who lacked health insurance were afraid that private employers would no longer ORRECT ANSWEF-D. The American Medical Association opposed what it called “socialized met provide coverage. - The most rapidly increasing part of the federal budget is Select one: a. Medicare b. Medicaid ¢. the Children’s Health Insurance Program Which provision is part of the Affordable Care Act? Select one: a. Young adults up to 26 years old receive health care through the Children’s Health Insurance Program. b. All employers must provide health insurance for employees who work at least 30 hours a week. c. All Americans who do not have private insurance free treatment from local doctors and hospil: d. Health insurance companies are prohibited from discriminating against people with preoxisling conditions. - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Health insurance from discriminating against people with preexisting conditions. > companies are prohibited Who has been most likely to oppose federal clean air mandates? a. It reduces carbon dioxide emissions without government intervention by rewarding companies that selfregulate to remain competitive. b. It rewards states for enacting stricter environmental standards than required by the national government. c. It restricts fossil fuel industry lobbyists from making campaign contributions, thereby allowing members of Congress to vate for climate change regulations withoul. foar of electoral consequences. d. It limits emissions and uses markel-bascd incentives lor businesses to more cLlicicntly use energy. - CORRECT ANSWER-d. It limits emissions and uses market-based incentives for businesses to more efficiently use energy. What is the main concern about nuclear energy? Select one: a. ease of converting nuclear energy to nuclear weaponry b. technical feasibility c. environmental impact d. cost - CORRECT ANSWER-c. environmental impact A tax is one by which the government lakes a greatcr share of the income of the rich than of the poor. Select one: a. progressive b. proportional c. regressive d. transfer - CORRECT ANSWER-a. progressive A tax is one in which the burden falls relatively more heavily on low-income groups than on wealthy taxpayers. Select one: ¢. proportional d. severance - CORRECT ANSWER. regress: If you subscribe to Keynesian economic policies, you are most concerned with cL one: a. exports b. unemployment c. inflation d. money supply - CORRECT ANSWEF-b. unemployment What distinguishes a means-tested program from a social insurance program? Select one: a. A means-tested program extends benefits based on age categories, while a social insurance program provides benefits based on immediate need. b. A means-tested program only extends benefits to the elderly, while a social insurance program extends benefits Lo everybody. c. A social insurance program extends benefits only to the working poor, while a means-tested program extends bencfils lo everyone, regardless of social class. d. A social insurance program provides benefits to those who have paid into the program, while a means-tested program provides benefits based on demonstrated need. - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Which of the following entities is responsible for influencing interest rates in the United States? Select one: a. the Congress b. the Congressional Budget Office c. the Executive Office of the President d. the Federal Reserve Board - CORRECT ANSWER-d. the Federal Reserve Board Which of the following is a conecrn about the Social Sccurily Trust Fund? Select one: a. The rale of Social Security payroll laxes will continue Lo decrease unless Congress changes the law. b. The number of current retirees contributing to the fund will continue to decrease as the number of seniors continues to work after traditional retirement age. c. Soon there will be too few workers contributing to the Trust Fund to support the increasing number of retirees. d. Soon the Trust Fund will need to pay back the money il borrowed from the general treasury but it does not look like it will be able to repay this loan. - ¢. Soon there will be too few workers contributing to the Trust Fund to support the increasing number of retirees. Which of the following is a possible solution to the long-term problem of solvency in the Social Security program? Select one: a. increase benefits for retirees who have substantial income from other sources b. increase the minimum retirement age c. revise the inflation adjustment. formula for benefits so that recipients would receive more of a raise every year d. lower the payroll tax contribution - C ‘-b. increase the minimum retirement. age Which of the following is an example of monetary policy? Select one: a. decreasing federal spending b. increasing food and drug regulations Ithy Americans c. increasing income taxes on w d. the Federal Reserve Board buying government bonds - CORRECT ANSWER-d. the Federal Reserve Board buying government bonds Which of these statements best describes the possible effect of efforts by the Federal Reserve Board 10 lower interest rates? Select one: a. They can lead 10 lower capilal gains tax rates. b. They can lead to higher unemployment in years of budget deficits. c. They can spur cconomic growth by increasing the cost of money for busine d. They can spur economic growth by increasing the available money supply. - CORRECT ANSWER-d. They can spur economic growth by increasing the available money supply. Financially, who benefits the most from the military-industrial complex? Select one: a. Congress b. the president a. regressive b. progressive ¢. proportional d. flat - § -b. progressive The increase in threatens the viability of the intergenerational system for funding Social Security. Select one: a. birthrates b. life expectancy ¢. social insurance taxcs d. the size of the working population - CORRECT. The Social Security Act was enacted in Select one: a. 1865 b. 1890 c. 1985 d. 1964 - CORRECT ANSWER. The Amendment permits Congress to levy income taxes. Select one: a. Sixteenth b. Seventeenth c. Eighteenth d. Nineteenth - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Sixteenth What is the national debt? Select one: a. all of the money Congress has spent b. all of the money the federal government has borrowed and has nol yet repaid c. the sum of all tax expenditures minus the sum of all tax receipts d. the sum ofall lax reccipls minus the sum of all lax oxpenditures CORRECT ANSWEE-b. all of the money the federal government has borrowed and has not What is the purpose of continuing resolutions? Select one: a. to allow agencies to continue to spend money even when Congress has not met its budgetary timetable b. to essentially override presidential vetoes c. to lump together multiple authorization bills to increase the chance of passage d. to ensure that the federal budget is balanced except in emer; encies - CORRECT ANSWER-a. cies to continue to spend money even when Congress has not me to allow ag timetable Which of the following best describes the executive branch’s role in the budget process before the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921? Select one: a. The prosidont proposed an cxeculive budget to the s otary of the treasury. b. Executive branch agencies sent budget requests to the secretary of the treasury. b. The Court typically gave deference to the decisions enacted by the elected branches of government. c. Federal intervention in the economy was perceived as being the best way to end the Great Depression. d. The Court believed that Roosevelt was meddling in the Court’s jurisdiction. - CORRECT Ifa judge believes that she should defer to the decisions made by elected representatives whenever possible, she likely believes in which of the following? Seleel. one: a. judicial activism b. the attitudinal model of decision making c. originalism d. judicial restraint - CORRECT ANSWER-d. judicial restraint In court rulings, reliance on past decisions to formulate decisions in new cases is known as which of the following? Seleel. one: a. per curiam b. stare decisis ¢. coram nobis d. amicus curiae - CORRECT ANSWER. stare decisis In which courts are the vast majority of all cases tried? Seleel. one: a. federal b. district ¢c. state d. appellate - c. state In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial r Select one: a. Chisholm v. Georgia b. Brown v. Board of Education ce. Dred S LL v. Sandford al d. Marbury v. Madison - CORR: ANSWER-d. Marbury v. Madison Only court can review the decisions of a lower court. Select one: a. a trial b. an appellate c¢. an administrative d. an original - CORRECT ANS Proponents of which of the following believe thal il is appropriate for judges lo make bold policy decisions when doing so is necessary to address pressing societal needs? Select one: a. Judicial restraint b. strict constructionism