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PNR 308 Midterm exam 2025 – Latest Question
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A newborn infant will typically lose _______ to 10 % of his or her birth weight by day 3 or 4. 7 - 10% A newborn loses the weight after birth but SHOULD regain the weight by 7- 10 days old What is the most important nursing intervention to promote a positive hospital experience for a 1-month-old infant? a)Encouraging parents to bring in familiar toys from home b)Maintenance of a rigid schedule c)Provision of sensorimotor stimulation d)Provision of consistent caregivers d)Provision of consistent caregivers Due to trust vs mistrust - infants are wary of strangers.
What are the best foods for a nurse to recommend for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with mild constipation? a)Wheat crackers and apples b)Bananas and bran muffins c)Shredded wheat and cooked prunes d)Rice and black beans c)Shredded wheat and cooked prunes A group of children are observed playing house. Each child is assigned a specific role as mommy, daddy, or child. At what age does this type of play typically begin? a)Between 1 and 2 years old b)Between 10 and 13 years old c)Between 3 and 5 years old d)Between 7 and 10 years old c)Between 3 and 5 years old
An 11-month-old infant is brought to the clinic. The mother states that he has watery diarrhea, and the nurse notice that his eyes are sunken and that his skin turgor is only fair. The mother tells the nurse she wants to give an antidiarrheal medicine that she has at home and asks how much to give. What is the best response of the nurse? Explain that antidiarrheal medication is not routinely given to infants and toddlers with diarrhea because it slows GI motility and therefore slow down the excretion of the cause of the diarrhea. Discuss oral rehydration therapy. After being rehydrated the child should receive age-appropriate food as tolerated. A mother states that her child has developed a fever after receiving an immunization, and she requests antibiotic treatment. What data collection and parent teaching are indicated? Collect data concerning the status of the child in relation to dehydration, lethargy, and so forth. Discuss fever control techniques used at home and review appropriate fever-reducing techniques. Review with the mother that immunization does not cause the disease but can cause a slight reaction; therefore, antibiotics would not be helpful. Be sure the mother has the telephone number of a resource agency or clinic for follow-up care. A mother brings her 8-week-old infant to the clinic and states that the infant is fussy and acting as if he has colic. What information does the nurse need to obtain from the parent to develop a teaching plan?
Determine whether the infant is formula fed or breastfed; assess latch, breastfeeding technique, the stool pattern of the infant, the feeding pattern of the infant, the sleeping pattern of the infant, and the approaches used to calm the infant. Assessing the stress the mother is feeling is also important to ensure this is not causing tension between the mother and infant. Develop a teaching plan based on the information obtained. Demonstrate the colic carry and encourage parents to get help so they can get some rest. Prioritize and emphasize that colic is not a reflection on parenting skills. The parents of a toddler discuss safety in the home with the nurse. The parents state that they will use a car seat as required by law and safety gates on the stairs to prevent accidental falls. However, they believe no other safety "childproofing" is necessary, because their child is a good child and they plan to teach him to be obedient so he will learn not to touch certain items. What is the best response of the nurse? The nurse should review normal growth and development with the parents, review the stage of autonomy that their child is in, and explain the role of exploration of the environment as a normal part of toddler behaviour. Maintaining a safe environment encourages growth and development. A toddler is also learning independence and will test his or her autonomy by saying "no." For this reason, safety measures with children in this age group are essential to prevent accidental injury.
A grade 12 student expresses her concern to the nurse about taking her college entrance examination. The examination is given early in the morning, which is when she often feels sleepy and less alert and has trouble concentrating. She states that she usually studies hard the night before an examination and tries to eat a good breakfast on the day of the test. The breakfast usually consists of bacon and eggs, a muffin, and chocolate milk. What is the appropriate response of the nurse? Discuss the nutritional habits of the adolescent. Explain that high-fat and high- cholesterol meals are slow to digest because they divert blood from the brain to the gastrointestinal tract for digestion, resulting in decreased alertness. Pastries and muffins increase serotonin in the brain, resulting in a sleep response. Advising a breakfast of proteins that increase tyrosine (e.g., turkey, egg whites, soy) and therefore increase alertness may help this adolescent. Also, review sleep and rest habits before test days. A 3-year-old child has been hospitalized for 2 days. She is watching the television mounted above her bed. She is expressionless but does not cry or appear to be in distress. Her mother calls on the telephone and states that because her child seems to be adjusted, she may not come in today to visit because she does not want to "upset her." How should the nurse interpret the child's behaviour? How should the nurse respond to the mother?
Review the stages of separation anxiety. The child may be in the detachment phase. She needs to be brought out of this stage or the parent/infant bond may be impaired. Advise the mother to spend as much time as possible with her child. It is normal for children to cry when parents leave and this a normal, healthy response. Parents need to be reassured regarding this. After resuscitation in the emergency department, following a submersion injury, the child has regained consciousness, is interacting with the mother, and has stable vital signs. The mother states, "Now that my child is OK I want to take him home." What is the best response of the nurse? All children with submersion injuries must be admitted for observation. The effects of a submersion injury on the lungs and brain may not be evident for 24 hours and require professional monitoring. Aspiration pneumonia is a common complication that may not be evident until 24 to 48 hours after the incident. The nurse should help the parents cope with any guilt and shock from the event. The nurse enters the room of a child who is in skeletal traction for a fractured femur. He is sitting in a high-Fowler's position watching television and eating snacks. What nursing observations relating to the traction would the nurse make, and what interventions are necessary?
A bulky, frothy, loose, foul-smelling stool is characteristic of cystic fibrosis and confirms the diagnosis. It is due to the fat in the diet that was not digested. Antidiarrheal medication is not indicated. The treatment ordered by the health care provider will help with this problem. The father needs to be taught to tell the nurse or doctor about any medication that is brought from home and given to the child. A child who was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease is discharged home with directions to take a low-dose aspirin tablet once a day. The parent states that she heard that aspirin is contraindicated for use in children and asks if she can substitute acetaminophen instead. What is the best response of the nurse? Salicylate therapy (aspirin) is prescribed for its antithrombus properties (to prevent clot formation), which acetaminophen (Tylenol) does not have. Although use of aspirin in children is usually contraindicated, in Kawasaki disease it is an accepted treatment. A parent states that her 4-month-old infant is scheduled for heart transplant surgery in the next few weeks. She states that the infant is now due for her second immunization series and asks if the child will be better protected if she has the immunizations now before she has the surgery. What is the best response of the nurse?
Immunizations are not recommended before cardiac surgery. Immunosuppressants are used to prevent rejection of the transplanted heart, and the child's ability to manufacture antibodies in response to routine immunizations will be impaired. How many erupted teeth would a nurse expect to see in a healthy 8mo? a) b) c) d) a) To assess the number of teeth a child under age 2 years is expected to have, use the following formula: Age in months − 6. For example, 8 − 6 = 2. During the first week of life, the newborns weight may do which of the following? a)increase by 7-10% b)decrease by 7-10%
To meet the needs of a school age child with diabetes, the nurse should do which of the following? a)explain carefully to the mother the need to adhere to dietary mods b)allow the child to eat whatever they want and admin insulin to maintain optimum glucose levels c)allow child to perform their own Accuchecks and admin their own insulin perform accuchecks 4x a day and at bedtime c)allow child to perform their own Accuchecks and admin their own insulin School-age children are in Erikson's stage of industry, where the child gets results from his or her own efforts at performance. Patience is needed to allow school- age children to do things for themselves, even if it takes longer. What age is most appropriate to intro competitive games? a)3-5 years b)5-6 years c)7-9 years d)12-15 years c)7-9 years
Nursing interventions with children should focus on encouraging optimal play activities and experiences that are age appropriate. Between the ages of 7 and 10 years, the development of play is competitive. Children at this age start to accept competition with structured rules. A nurse teaching parents about car seat safety for an infant less than 10kg should include which info? a)a car seat is not needed if infant is held securely in parents lap b)the car seat should be placed close to the driver in the front pass seat c)the car seat should face the rear and be placed in the centre of the back seat d)the car seat should face forwards and be placed in back seat on driver side. c)the car seat should face the rear and be placed in the centre of the back seat Infant seats should be used for all infants travelling in automobiles. A rear-facing infant seat should be used for infants weighing less than 10 kg and unable to walk, and it should be located in the centre of the rear seat of the automobile. When discussing home safety for an infant, what is the most important (priority)? a)placing locks on cabinets w chemicals b)covering electrical outlets
Which of the following is a developmental red-flag for a 3mo? a) infant does not attempt to raise head when placed on stomach b) the infant cannot sit without support c) Infant exhibits stranger anxiety d) infant does not smile responsively a) infant does not attempt to raise head when placed on stomach, d) infant does not smile responsively A child cannot sit up without support until 5 to 6 months of age and stranger anxiety usually is exhibited at 6 months of age and older. By 3 months of age the infant should be able to raise its head when on its abdomen and should smile responsively to caregivers. A parent states she is having trouble with her toddler that seems to "always want things his way". The parents ask why the child is behaving this way. What advice should the nurse respond with? a) explain to the child that it doesnt matter b) put the child in "time out" for appropriate time c) explain this is normal ritualistic behaviour at this age
d) let child do what they want c) explain this is normal ritualistic behaviour at this age Ritualism is another characteristic of toddler behavior. Toddlers increase their sense of security by making compulsive routines of simple tasks, and therefore their rituals should be respected. What is tachycardia HR for infant to preschooler?
Tachycardia HR for school age?
When is the best time to do assessment on infant? Right before a feeding Fever for child is anything above....
Name some indicators that a child is ready to transition to solid foods Sit up with support, Head erect, Have some teeth, Extrusion reflex is gone, Can chew and swallow What should you give a 6mo baby before introducing/giving solid food? Milk or formula How many meals a day should an 8mo baby have? (in addition to bottle) For a 10-12mo? 2 small meals a day 3 - 4 small meals a day How many wet and dirty (BM) diapers should a 1mo have in 24h period? At least 6 wet, 2 dirty How many Cal/kg does a 0-6mo need?
108cal/kg What is the main cause of a child acquiring iron-deficiency anemia? When child drinks milk instead of eating solid foods. What age of child do you feed lots of finger foods? Toddler For how many weeks will the infant experience passive immunity from his or her mother? a) b) c) d) c)
