Download PNB 2265 Exam 1: Cardiovascular Physiology Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
PNB 2265 Exam 1 Questions with Verified and
Correct Answers Latest Updated (Score A)-
University of connecticut
The cardiovascular control center is located in the __________ Medulla In response to a decrease in MAP, ___A_____ baroreceptors will ____B____ their firing rate; which leads to activation of ___C____ nervous system(s). A: Arterial B: Decrease C: Sympathetic In response to a RISE in MAP, ______A________ can cause peripheral ______B________ A: ANP B: Vasodilation Which phase of blood clotting occurs first? Vascular Spasm
Following contraction of a myocyte, which of the following is important for returning intracellular calcium concentrations to their resting levels? The Na+/K+ Pump Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: May stimulate EPO production Which of the following would decrease the radius of a blood vessel? Thromboxane (TXA2) On average, women have a higher hematocrit than men False What would be the outcome of a blood transfusion between a B positive donor and an AB positive recipient? No adverse reaction
Increased cardiac output is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: Increased acetylcholine release The left and right ventricle pump equivalent volumes of blood. True The Haldane effect describes the difference in carbon dioxide binding affinity between ________A_______ and ________B________. A: Oxyhemoglobin B: Deoxyhemoglobin The law of La Place explains that:
- Tension is proportional to blood vessel radius
- Small vessels are likely to collapse
- Large vessels are more likely to rupture A patient with AV Block will be unable to contract the ventricles of her heart False
During this phase of the cardiac cycle, pressure inside the ventricle is less than the pressure inside the atrium. Ventricular Diastole II Veins differ from arteries because: Veins are more compliant than arteries Which of the following are found in the plasma, and play an important role in regulating osmotic pressure? Albumins During the fetal stages of life, UNLIKE during adulthood Sickle Cell Anemia is less severe because Fetal Hb contains gamma chains Saul suffers from Atransferrinemia, a genetic disorder where the protein Transferrin is not produced. Which of the following might Saul experience? Kidney damage
A: Macrocytic anemia B: Disruption of DNA replication Which of the following are actions of Thrombin?
- Activates Fibrinogin to produce loose fibrin.
- Activates factor XIII
- Activates cascade of clotting proteins The normal shape of the mature erythrocyte is a _____A_____. This structure contributes to the function of ____B______. A: Biconcave disk B: Oxygen transport from blood to tissues. B: Proper flow of blood Hemoglobin is able to bind to _____________.
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide Veins always carry blood __________
Toward the heart Compared to the left ventricle, the right ventricle pumps out ___________ amount of blood The same The serous pericardium Includes a visceral layer overlying the myocardium. The ____A_______ of the left ventricle is _____B_____ that of the right ventricle. A: Myocardium B: Thicker than The bicuspid valve _________.
- Prevents backflow from left ventricle into left atrium
- Allows blood to flow from left atrium into left ventricle
- Is also called the mitral valve The pulmonary arteries carry ____A_____ blood from the ______B______.
During the cardiac cycle, left ventricular pressure varies between about A_ and B and aortic pressure varies between about __C____ and ___D____. A: 120 B: 0 C: 120 D: 80 The pulmonary SL valve moves from open to closed _______.
- When pulmonary trunk pressure exceeds right ventricular pressure
- During diastole Which is occurring in the ventricles during the isovolumetric relaxation phase?
- Pressure is falling
- Volume is staying the same During most of diastole, ventricular pressure is _____________ atrial pressure.
- Slightly lower than
This question concerns structure of arteries vs arterioles. Which statements comparing and contrasting arteries and arterioles are correct?
- Both have smooth muscle layers
- Both are lined with endothelium
- Arterioles have a greater ability to change diameter than do arteries The capillary wall consists of ______________ layer(s)
- One, simple squamous epithelial tunica intima Blood flow in capillaries is controlled by ______________
- Diameter of arterioles feeding into the capillary bed
- Pre-capillary sphincters
- Tissue requirements for nutrient delivery and waste removal The lymphatic system plays an important role in delivering fluid that was filtered out of systemic capillaries into tissues back to the systemic venous system. True The venous wall consists of ______________ layer(s)
Adult hemoglobin is composed of:
- Four heme groups
- Two Alpha subunits
- Two Beta subunits Which of the following statements are true about erythrocytes?
- Production is stimulated by hypoxia (low oxygen) and mediated by EPO
- They have no nucleus. Which of the following will increase venous return?
- Deep breaths
- Ankle movements (contracting calf muscles)
- Contraction of venous smooth muscle Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure is about ____________ mmHg 14
Which of the following will DECREASE end systolic volume? Stimulating the cardiac nerve Cersei is an RH negative woman is giving birth to her second child. Her first pregnancy was normal, but during her second pregnancy she was forced to undergo treatment for hemolytic disease. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
- Anti-D (Rh) antibodies can cross the placenta
- Her first child was Rh positive
- She lacked anti-D (Rh) antibodies during her first pregnancy Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT: Skeletal muscle is multinucleate The foramen ovale: Decreases the amount of blood that travels to the right ventricle Which of the following does NOT promote blood clot dissolution? Thromboxane
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is normally about ________ mmHg 93 When hemoglobin value is below normal and MCV (mean corpuscular volume) is above normal, the patient most likely has _____________. Macrocytic anemia What affects the end-diastolic volume (EDV)?
- Blood pressure in the veins
- Activity of skeletal muscles in the legs
- Inspiration (breathing in) How do you regulate TPR in order to bring an abnormal MAP back to normal? By changing arteriolar radius with inotropic agents (e.g. epinephrine) Baroreceptors are located in the _________. Carotid arteries and aorta Sympathetic nervous activation causes which effects?
Constriction of blood vessels with alpha receptors When baroreceptor firing rate decreases below set point, ________. The cardiovascular excitatory center in the medulla is activated. The aortic semilunar valve closes when __________. Aortic pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure. HCN channels are ____A____ - gated and mediate the ______B______. A: Voltage B: Pacemaker prepotential In response to a cut blood vessel, the process of hemostasis begins when ________. The cut vessel constricts due to smooth muscle activation The resting potential of cardiac myocytes (contractile cells) is mediated by _______ KIR (inward rectifier) K+ channels
In order to compensate for circulatory shock, the "fast" response to hemorrhage (blood loss and low MAP) includes all except: Renal readjustment of total blood volume. What affects end-systolic volume (ESV)? Epinephrine A drop in MAP causes ____A_____ to fire ____B_____. A: Baroreceptors B: More slowly During mid to late diastole, AV valves are __A____ and atrial pressure is __B____ ventricular pressure. A: Open B: Greater than During early systole, AV valves are ____A____ and SL valves are ______B_______. A: Closed B: Closed
During early diastole, SL valves are ____A_______ and ventricular volume is _____B_______. A: Closed B: Staying the same At this moment, in which part of the circulatory system would you find the biggest proportion of your blood volume? Veins Given this information: Pre capillary sphincters are controlled by the same intrinsic mechanisms as arterioles. Which of the following tissue conditions will OPEN a pre capillary sphincter? Low PH The hormone EPO is produced by the ____A_______ and stimulates the ______B_______ to _______C_______. A: Kidney B: Myeloid stem cell C: Develop into erythrocytes
