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PNB 2264 U CONN EXAM 1 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Your body temperature rises, this ______ is sensed by _____ and in response information is carried by ________ to activate the secretion of sweat
a. set point; receptors; the efferent pathway
b. stimulus; receptors; the efferent pathway
c. stimulus; the brain; the afferent pathway
d. set point; receptors; effectors
e. feedback; the brain; receptors
b. stimulus; receptors; the efferent pathway
Adipose tissue is different than a tendon due to:
a. the unique combo of proteins present in the ECM
b. the degree of cellularity
c. increased ground substance in the matrix
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The major categories of tissue are:
a. nervous, musculoskeletal, epithelial, blood
b. blood, bone, muscle, nervous
c. muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial
d. skin, neuromuscular, organ, collagen
c. muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial
A tear in the blood vessel that exposures collagen to blood activates platelets to become sticky and secrete chemical signals, which cause more platelets to become sticky and secrete the same chemical signals. this is an example of _____ control
a. closed loop, negative feedback
b. closed loop, positive feedback
c. feed-forward
d. open-loop, positive feedback
b. closed loop, positive feedback
b. medial
c. distal
d. proximal
d. proximal
Which is NOT a feature of connective tissue?
a. protein fibers in the matrix
b. glycosaminoglycan molecules in the matrix
c. cells
d. apical surface
d. apical surface
the most abundant tissue within the body is:
a. muscle
b. connective tissue
c. nervous tissue
d. epithelial tissue
b. connective tissue
which of the following situations best represents a homeostatic mechanism?
a. a person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat
b. after going outside on a hot day, the core body temp rises
c. after eating large batch of salt popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase
d. as age increases, the amount of calcium in bones tend to decrease
e. all of the above
c. after eating large batch of salt popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase
one of the contributing factor to the onset of cerebrovascular disease is a loss of electrical and chemical communication between adjacent neurons and glial cells inside the brain. one potential therapeutic approach might be to design a drug that increases the expression of:
a. desmosomes
b. tight junctions
c. gap junctions.
d. adherens junctions
e. mechanically gated ion channels
c. gap junctions
b. paracellularly
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
b. paracellularly
epithelial cells that are optimized for diffusion are most likely
a. simple columnar
b. simple squamous
c. transitional epithelum
d. stratified epithelium
e. pseudostratified epithelium
b. simple squamous
which of the following is an example of a structure/function relationship
a. the random coil conformation of the protein elastin give elastic fibers the property of extensibility
b. dense regular connective tissue forming ligaments has tensile strength due to the cross-linked, triple helix structure of collagen
c. mineralized matrix in bone gives it the ability to resist compressive forces
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
in a living cell, the time increases by a factor of two, then the distance a particle diffuses would:
a. increase by a factor of two
b. increase by a factor more than two
c. increase by a factor less than two
d. decrease by a factor of two
e. decrease by a factor more than two
c. increase by a factor less than two
extracellular fluid consists of:
a. blood plasma
b. fluid between cells
c. fluid inside of cells
d. a and b
d. a and b
a. hyperplasia
b. hypertrophy
c. neoplasia
d. metaplasia
e. dysplasia
d. metaplasia
which of the following will decrease diffusion rate?
a. an increase in surface area
b. a decrease in membrane thickness
c. a decrease in membrane permeability
d. all of the above
c. a decrease in membrane permeability
an anatomical section dividing the skull into anterior and posterior parts would be considered:
a. transverse
b. sagittal
c. coronal
d. midsagittal
c. coronal
chose the answer that best illustrates hierarchy of organization:
a. blood levels of glucose are maintained within narrow limits
b. organs are made up of molecules and tissues are made up of organ systems
c. diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient
d. tissues are made up of cells and organs are made up of tissues
e. all of the above
d. tissues are made up of cells and organs are made up of tissues
yotiao is a membrane bound protein that interacts with signaling enzymes inside the cytosol, but cannot interact with extracellular fluid. yortiao should therefore classified as:
a. an ion channel
b. glycolipid
c. an integral membrane protein
d. peripheral membrane protein
During the process of oncogenic transformation, cells often lose the function of a specific family of adhesion receptors known as Cadherins. The resulting loss of adhesion is accompanied by changes in cell morphology. Based upon this, cadherins could be classified as:
adherin junctions
An avascular tissue with a large amount of ground substance and very few cells would most likely be classified as:
loose connective tissue
The cells that make up lymphatic vessels (which transport fat and large bulky molecules) display fewer physical connections between themselves than blood vessels. This means that lymphatic vessels favor which type of transport?
paracellular
It takes 3.3seconds for glucose to diffuse 100uM (micrometers). How long does it take for glucose to diffuse 1cm (centimeters)?
33,000 seconds
which of the following are characteristics of life?
a. energy consumption
b. reproduction
c. responding to external stimuli
d. growth
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function form ______.
a. an organ
b. a tissue
c. an organism
d. an organ system
b. a tissue
an inability to absorb (take up/internalize through the tissue surface) digested nutrients and secrete digestive enzymes might indicate a disorder in which tissue type?
a. epithelial
b. lateral
c. distal
d. dorsal
d. dorsal
the heart is ____ to the arms
medial
to divide the brain into left and right halves, one would perform a _______ section along the midline
midsagittal
A woman in her 60s is rushed to the emergency department (ED) after having lost consciousness at a Singing Christmas Tree event. The emergency medical technician (EMT) reports that in addition to losing consciousness, the woman was tachycardic (~100 bpm), warm to the touch and diaphoretic (sweaty). During the physical exam, the patient reported that she had not been feeling well lately, but was not taking medications, had no recent surgeries, and has not been diagnosed with anything. As time passed she slowly became a little more coherent and her heartrate began to normalize, but she suddenly vomited on the floor. Rapid blood tests reveal hypoglycemia (reduced blood glucose).
what is wrong with the patient?
a. she forgot to eat
b. she walked to the concert and was badly out of shape
c. she had a tumor causing over-secretion of insulin
d. she was taking over-the-counter supplements
c. she had a tumor causing over-secretion of insulin
The body maintains a relatively constant internal environment by using ______________ feedback mechanisms, which attempt to return the stimulus back to baseline.
negative
positive feedback mechanisms would ______________ stimulus levels.
increase
Shifts in ion concentrations within the ICF and ECF can cause water to move by the process of ______________.
osmosis
c. epithelium possess cell to cell junctions
d. epithelium an generate mechanical force from consuming ATP
b. epithelial cells are polarized
c. epithelium possess cell to cell junctions
the simple columnar epithelium that forms absorptive cells of the digestive tract has which characteristic?
a. dense microvilli
b. rich vascular supply
c. stratified
d. cilia
a. dense microvilli
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, ciliated variety, ______________.
a. lines most of the respiratory tract
b. aids in digestion
c. possess no goblet cells
d. is not an epithelial classification
a. lines most of the respiratory tract
An inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucous might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue?
a. simple squamous
b. transitional
c. simple columnar
d. stratified squamous
c. simple columnar
Wax is secreted in the ear to reduce water and friction of sound waves. This is done by fat producing cells that break open along the base of the gland. This is an example of what type of exocrine gland?
a. merocrine
b. apocrine
c. salivary
d. holocrine
d. holocrine
