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Mental Health Medications: A Comprehensive Guide for Students, Exams of Pneumology

A detailed overview of various mental health medications, including their actions, uses, adverse reactions, drug interactions, assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation, and patient teaching. It covers a wide range of medications, including anti-anxiety drugs, ssris, tricyclic antidepressants, and maois. A valuable resource for students studying mental health and provides a comprehensive understanding of the different types of medications used to treat mental health conditions.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/06/2025

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PN Mental Health FINAL
1. Alogia <Ans> poverty of speech, is a general lack of additional, unprompted
content seen in normal speech.
2. Anhedonia <Ans> inability to feel pleasure.
3. Psychosomatic illness <Ans> physical disease that is thought to be caused,
or made worse, by mental factors.
4. Exhibitionism <Ans> extravagant behavior that is intended to attract attention
to one- self.
Psychiatry
a mental condition characterized by the compulsion to display one's genitals in
public.
5. Voyeurism <Ans> practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others
when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.
6. Frotteurism <Ans> rubbing, usually one's pelvic area or erect penis, against a
non-con- senting person for sexual pleasure. It may involve touching any part of
the body, including the genital area.
7. Fetishism <Ans> a form of sexual behavior in which gratification is linked to an
abnor- mal degree to a particular object, activity, part of the body, etc.
8. Adjunctive therapy <Ans> treatment used together with the primary
treatment. Its purpose is to assist the primary treatment.
9. Disordered thinking <Ans> Thought disorder (TD) or formal thought
disorder (FTD) Thought disorder (TD) or formal thought disorder (FTD) refers to
disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech. Specific thought
disorders include derailment, poverty of speech, tangentially, illogicality,
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PN Mental Health FINAL

  1. Alogia poverty of speech, is a general lack of additional, unprompted content seen in normal speech.
  2. Anhedonia inability to feel pleasure.
  3. Psychosomatic illness physical disease that is thought to be caused, or made worse, by mental factors.
  4. Exhibitionism extravagant behavior that is intended to attract attention to one- self.
  • Psychiatry a mental condition characterized by the compulsion to display one's genitals in public.
  1. Voyeurism practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engaged in sexual activity.
  2. Frotteurism rubbing, usually one's pelvic area or erect penis, against a non-con- senting person for sexual pleasure. It may involve touching any part of the body, including the genital area.
  3. Fetishism a form of sexual behavior in which gratification is linked to an abnor- mal degree to a particular object, activity, part of the body, etc.
  4. Adjunctive therapy treatment used together with the primary treatment. Its purpose is to assist the primary treatment.
  5. Disordered thinking Thought disorder (TD) or formal thought disorder (FTD) Thought disorder (TD) or formal thought disorder (FTD) refers to disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech. Specific thought disorders include derailment, poverty of speech, tangentially, illogicality,

2 / perseveration, and thought blocking.

  1. Anti-Anxiety Benzodiazepines Alprazolam, Chlordiazepoxide HCL, Clo- razepate dipotassium, Lorazepam, Oxazepam, and non Benzodiazepine Buspirone are all examples of medications.
  2. Alprazolam Xanax
  3. Chlordiazepoxide HCL Librium
  4. Clorazepate dipotassium Tranxene
  5. Lorazepam Ativan
  6. Oxazepam Serax
  7. Fluoxetine Prozac
  8. Fluvoxamine Luvox
  9. Paroxetine HCL Paxil
  10. Sertraline Zoloft
  11. Ametriptyline Elavil
  12. Amoxapine Asendin
  13. Desipramine HCL Norpramin

4 / habit forming, can aggravate depression or psychosis. IF STOP SUDDENLY CAN HAVE THESE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS seizures, tremors, muscle cramping, vomiting, and sweating.

  1. Anti-anxiety DRUG INTERACTIONS Any meds that cause sedation (ETOH, narcotics); antacids, Herb KAVA (can cause coma). *any drug that slows elimination in the liver, such as Prozac and Tagamet, may reduce elimination of BENZOS.
  2. Anti-anxiety ASSESSMENT Apprehension, irritability, insomnia, poor concen- tration, poor hygiene, many physical complaints, fear of unknown.
  3. Anti-anxiety NURSING DIAGNOSIS Ineffective coping, anxiety, fear, imbal- anced nutrition
  4. Anti-anxiety PLANNING What is B/P? What is WBC?
  5. Anti-anxiety IMPLEMENTATION Make sure it's swallowed. Benzos can be used PRN or scheduled medications due to quick onset of 30 minutes.

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  1. Anti-anxiety EVALUATION Decreased anxiety? Decreased panic attacks? Seizures stopped? Insomnia better?
  2. Anti-anxiety PATIENT TEACHING - Don't abruptly stop.
  • Don't increase dose without consulting MD.
  • Check with MD before taking other meds. -Buspar doesn't reach therapeutic level for 7-10 days, therefore, patient may think it doesn't work. -Gotu kola is an herb useful to treat this disorder as well as Valium.
  • Some oils are said to decrease anxiety such as peppermint, cedar wood, rosemary, sandalwood, chamomile, and lavender, -KAVA CAN PRODUCE TOXICITY/COMA WITH BENZO! -NO ETOH.
  1. Baseline EKG Before taking Antidepressant, a should be done
  2. SSRI Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Paroxetine, Sertraline are all examples of medications.
  3. SSRI ACTION Decrease depression by increasing level of serotonin in the brain. They block its reabsorption making more available.
  4. SSRI Uses Treat depression, OCD (Prozac).
  5. SSRI Adverse Reactions Dry mouth, nausea, appetite loss, transient fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea or constipation, diaphoresis, anxiety, tremors, insomnia, tachy- cardia, sexual dysfunction, photosensitivity, MI (with some of them). *If you can't tolerate one of them, you may can take a different one.
  6. SSRI Drug Interactions Any other medications that cause

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  1. Serotonin Syndrome The degree of symptoms can range from mild to severe. Symptoms include high body temperature, agitation, increased reflexes, tremor, sweating, dilated pupils, and diarrhea; result in dysfunction of AUTONOMIC NER- VOUS SYSTEM caused from increased serotonin in brain stem. *NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDER CAN BE A RESULT!
  2. Apathy When someone shows he/she doesn't care.
  3. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Desipramine HCL, Imipramine HCL, and Nortriptyline HCL are all medications.
  4. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Action Decrease depression by blocking the ab- sorption or serotonin and norepinephrine. This increases the level of these in the brain.
  5. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Uses Treat depression. Some treat anxiety disor- ders and nerve related pain.
  6. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Adverse Reactions Blurred vision, constipa- tion, dry mouth, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, disorienta- tion/confusion in elderly, increased HR, irregular HR, seizures (if already have them), and sweating.
  7. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Drug Interactions MAOIs, Clonidine and epi- nephrine- High B/P, ETOH, Tagamet- increases side effects. drugs that block acetyl- choline- anticholinergics.
  8. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Assessment Assess for S&S of depression
  9. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Nursing Diagnosis

8 / Hopelessness, Ineffective coping

  1. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Planning Take B/P BEFORE giving these meds and make sure the pt has no history of seizures, glaucoma, prostate problems, or heart problems.
  2. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Implementation Give on time!!!
  3. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Evaluation Is depression, anxiety, or nerve pain decreased?
  4. Tricyclic Anti-depressants Patient teaching -Appetite may increase. -Caution against increase activity or high temperatures due to decrease in sweating . -take as directed. -side effects decrease, keep taking it. -increase dietary fiber for constipation. -Don't stop without MD approval. -No ETOH -Teach about orthostatic hypotension.

10 / -St. John's wart if taken with this class of medications or with tyramine foods, or OTC medications can trigger hypertension. -Monitor I&O.

  1. Foods that contain tyramine Red wine, beer, aged cheese, licorice, yogurt, caffeine-rich foods, liver, broad beans, sauerkraut, cured meats (like salami, pep- peroni, smoked fish, summer sausage), avocado, bananas, caffeine, chocolate.
  2. Monoamine Oxidase Enzyme that removes norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine from the brain.
  3. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Mirtazapine is a common medication.
  4. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Action Causes more Serotonin and Norepineph- rine to be released. NO OTHER MED WORKS LIKE IT.
  5. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Uses Treat clinical depression and tremors.

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  1. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Adverse Reactions Dizziness, drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth, high cholesterol, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension, but well tolerated. Side effects usually minor.
  2. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Drug Interactions ETOH, MAOIs, and Benzodi- azepines.
  3. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Assessment Monitor lipid levels- cholesterol. These meds may elevate cholesterol.
  4. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Nursing Diagnosis Hopelessness Ineffective coping, Self-care deficit.
  5. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Planning Take at same time each day to maintain proper level. (once daily at bedtime)
  6. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Implementation Take once a day at bedtime.
  7. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Evaluation Is depression decreased?
  8. Tetracyclic Antidepressant Patient Teaching -Does not need to be taken with food. -Teach foods to prevent constipation. -Encourage to have cholesterol levels monitored. -teach about orthostatic hypotension. -Monitor weight due to possibility to increase appetite. -Sugarless gum or candy for dry mouth. -Do not take OTC cold meds with Remeron. -Let MD know if having surgery and on Remeron. *ST.JOHN'S wart has been shown effective in treating mild depression with few side