Download PN 4003 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% GUARANTEED PASS (2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
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PN 4003 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS ( 202 5/2026)
Hypoventilation, depression of brains respect system, lung disease, & airway obstruction can cause - ANS ✓respiratory acidosis Hyperventilation caused by pain, salicylate poisoning, use of nicotine, & overstimulation of the respiratory centre can cause - ANS ✓respiratory alkalosis diabetes, alcoholism, starvation, hyperthyroidism, heart failure, pulomary disease, hepatic disease, seizures, - ANS ✓Metabolic Acidosis hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, excessive vomiting, NG suction, Cushing's disease, kidney disease or drugs containing baking soda - ANS ✓metabolic alkalosis Compensatory shock (first stage) - ANS ✓anxiety, restlessness, fear increased breathing & heart rate Decompensatory shock (second stage) - ANS ✓mental status continues to deteriorate breathing becomes rapid & shallow heartbeat is rapid skin pale or ashen & cool nausea & thirst occur
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Irreversible shock (third stage) - ANS ✓victim becomes unresponsive respiratory & cardiac arrest causes of hypovolemic shock - ANS ✓hemorrhage; trauma, GI ulcer, surgery, inadequate clotting dehydration; vomiting & diarrhea, diuretic therapy, loss of plasma from burns septic shock risk factors - ANS ✓broad spectrum antibiotics immunosuppressive therapy burns or other trauma anatomic obstruction Age (V old & V young) diabetes, AIDS Neurogenic shock causes - ANS ✓spinal cord injury spinal anesthesia envois system damage ventilation - ANS ✓movement of air in and out of the lungs tidal volume - ANS ✓movement of air in one breath cheyne strokes - ANS ✓breaths are deep then followed by apnea, cycling back to deep breathing due to severe brain pathology such as brain stem herniation Kussmal's breathing - ANS ✓breaths are deep, rapid, & labored
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high pitched crowing sound need immediate intervention pleural friction rub - ANS ✓indicate inflamed pleural surfaces easily heard on inspiration hold breath to determine it is not pericardial Atelectasis - ANS ✓common Respiratory tract disorder associated W/ immobility & the admin of anesthetic agents clients at risk are encouraged to cough and breathe deeply to aid in preventing atelectasis asthma - ANS ✓condition characterized by intermittent airway obstruction in response to variety of stimuli bronchitis - ANS ✓inflammation of bronchial tree accompanied by hyper secretion of mucus emphysema - ANS ✓complex & destructive lung disease wherein air accumulated in tissues of the lungs bronchiectasis - ANS ✓chronic dilation of bronchi main causes are pulmonary TB infection, chronic upper Respiratory tract infection, & other Respiratory disorders of childhood such as cystic fibrosis Airway Obstruction manifestations - ANS ✓stridor inability to speak laboured breathing use of accessory muscles air hunger
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cyanosis what condition is produced by enlarged adenoids? - ANS ✓Noisy breathing What intervention should you perform when caring for a patient with epistaxis - ANS ✓apply direct continuous pressure what is a cardinal sign of lung cancer - ANS ✓mucopurulent sputum A diagnosis of smoke inhalation is at increased risk for what - ANS ✓acute respiratory distress syndrome How to care for a patient during an acute asthma attack - ANS ✓administer bronchodilator as ordered Hypovolemic shock - ANS ✓occurs when blood volume drops cariogenic shock - ANS ✓occurs with diminished heart function neurogenic shock - ANS ✓occurs with nervous system problem Long standing change of rheumatic heart disease - ANS ✓valvular changes lymphoma is a group of cancers that affect which system - ANS ✓lymphatic system lymphangitis may result in what - ANS ✓red streaks that follow the course of the lymph channels
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an excessive increase in respirations may in time produce - ANS ✓alkalosis What is respiratory acidosis? - ANS ✓carbonic acid (H2CO3) excess What is respiratory alkalosis? - ANS ✓carbonic acid (H2CO3) deficit What is metabolic acidosis? - ANS ✓bicarbonate (NaHCO3) deficit What is metabolic alkalosis? - ANS ✓bicarbonate (NaHCO3) excess metabolic disturbances affect what in the blood? - ANS ✓bicarbonate (NaHCO3) respiratory disturbances affect what in the blood? - ANS ✓carbonic acid (H2CO3) fluid imbalances: dehydration - ANS ✓loss of body fluids = increased concentration of solutes in blood & rise in serum Na+ fluid shifts out of cells & into blood to restore balance, causing cells to shrink & not function properly fluid imbalances: hypovolemia - ANS ✓Excessive fluid loss (hemorrhage) can progress to hypovolemic shock isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space (third space fluid shifting) fluid imbalances: hypervolemia - ANS ✓Excess fluid in extracellular as a result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake, or renal failure occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance
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leads to CHF & pulmonary edema fluid imbalances: water intoxication - ANS ✓hypotonic extracellular fluid shifts into cells to attempt to restore balance cells swell normal carbonic acid (PaCo2) range - ANS ✓ 45 - 35 normal bicarbonate (HcO3) range - ANS ✓ 22 - 26 sodium range - ANS ✓ 135 - 1 45 mEq/L potassium range - ANS ✓3.5-5 mEq/L Magnesium range - ANS ✓1.5-2.5 mEq/L calcium range - ANS ✓8.9-10.1 mg/dL Phosphorus range - ANS ✓2.5-4.5 mg/dL chloride range - ANS ✓ 98 - 106 mEq/L
