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Mental Health Concepts: Definitions and Explanations, Exams of Nursing

Shawnee Community CollegeNursing

A comprehensive overview of key mental health concepts, offering definitions and explanations for various conditions, disorders, and related terms. It covers topics such as stress, anxiety, grief, depression, psychosis, and personality disorders, providing a foundational understanding of these concepts. Particularly useful for students studying psychology, mental health, or related fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 03/06/2025

Tutorhaven
Tutorhaven 🇺🇸

299 documents

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Mental Health 3003
1. Stress <Ans> A condition resulting when a threat or challenge to our well-being
requires us to adjust or adapt to the environment
2. Distress <Ans> negative stress (exhausting)
3. Eustress <Ans> positive, motivating stress (can enhance a sense of well-being)
4. Anxiety <Ans> A feeling of uneasiness occurring in response to a real or
perceived threat from an unknown source
5. 4 levels of Anxiety <Ans> Mild- natural, motivating, Moderate- uncomfortable,
Severe- exhausting, Panic- can be violent
6. Grief <Ans> The emotional process of coping with loss
7. Loss <Ans> Actual or perceived status change in relationship to a valued
object or person
8. Anticipatory grief <Ans> those expecting a significant loss in the future
9. Conventional grief <Ans> grief experienced following a loss
10. Bereavement grief <Ans> a natural, healthy, healing process which
emerges in re- sponse to any significant loss
11. Stages of Grief <Ans> Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
12. Dysfunctional Grief <Ans> Failure to complete the grieving process and
successfully cope with a loss
13. Unresolved Grief <Ans> Incomplete grief process resulting in manipulative
symptoms continuing months after a loss
14. Central traits <Ans> general, prominent features
15. Secondary traits <Ans> may surface in some situations
16. Generalized Anxiety Disorder <Ans> experience increased anxiety level
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Mental Health 3003

  1. Stress A condition resulting when a threat or challenge to our well-being requires us to adjust or adapt to the environment
  2. Distress negative stress (exhausting)
  3. Eustress positive, motivating stress (can enhance a sense of well-being)
  4. Anxiety A feeling of uneasiness occurring in response to a real or perceived threat from an unknown source
  5. 4 levels of Anxiety Mild- natural, motivating, Moderate- uncomfortable, Severe- exhausting, Panic- can be violent
  6. Grief The emotional process of coping with loss
  7. Loss Actual or perceived status change in relationship to a valued object or person
  8. Anticipatory grief those expecting a significant loss in the future
  9. Conventional grief grief experienced following a loss
  10. Bereavement grief a natural, healthy, healing process which emerges in re- sponse to any significant loss
  11. Stages of Grief Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
  12. Dysfunctional Grief Failure to complete the grieving process and successfully cope with a loss
  13. Unresolved Grief Incomplete grief process resulting in manipulative symptoms continuing months after a loss
  14. Central traits general, prominent features
  15. Secondary traits may surface in some situations
  16. Generalized Anxiety Disorder experience increased anxiety level

2 / and worry re various situations on most days, over a period of at least 6 months

  1. 3 of the following S+S excessive worry and anxiety plus (at least 3) of the following • Restlessness, muscle tension, irritability• Difficulty falling asleep/ staying asleep, fatigue • Chest pain, hyperventilation, headaches • Tremors, increased urinary frequency, GI disturbances
  2. Panic Disorder recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
  3. Panic Attack an intense feeling of fear occurring suddenly and intermittently without warning
  4. Agoraphobia avoidance of specific places, situations tending to trigger panic attacks
  5. Specific phobia excessive, persistent irrational fear of specific objects or situ- ations that pose little danger
  6. Social Anxiety Disorder excessive fear of any social situations in which em- barrassment is possible
  7. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) response to a situation involving ac- tual death or threat of severe injury

4 / state of de- pression for more than 2 years

  1. S+S persistent depressive disorder lifetime struggle with depression, Es- capes- substance use, spending sprees, Sexual promiscuity- acting out behaviours, Fatigue - decreased concentration and decision-making ability
  2. Bipolar and related disorders brain dysfunction causing abnormal shifts in mood, energy and functional ability, possible genetic factor
  3. Hypomania (mild to moderate mania) more than 4 days, Full- blown manic episodes extreme symptoms more than 1 week, Episode ranges from high manic to low depressive periods
  4. 4 or more mood shifts rapid cycling
  5. Cyclothymic Disorder chronic mood disturbances with functioning periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depression alternating periods recurrent with short periods of normalcy (usually less than 2 months), No delusional thinking or hallucinationsFunction is not severely impaired, Hospitalization often unnecessary
  6. Treatment of depressive disorders Antidepressants (MAOs, TCAs, SSRIs), mood-stabilizing drugs, Psychotherapy, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

5 /

  1. Treatment of Bipolar and related disorders Mood stabilizing drugs (alone or with antipsychotic drugs), Psychotherapy, Meds Lithium carbonate effective of manias not on lows, Anticonvulsant
  2. Psychosis a set of symptoms evidencing disorganization in mental processes, Perceptual disturbances, Disorganized thinking, Behaviour alterations, Tend to with- draw from society into own unreal world
  3. Hallucinations false sensory perceptions, unrelated to reality
  4. Delusion fixed, false ideas or beliefs without external stimuli
  5. Illusions sensory stimuli misinterpreted
  6. Schizophrenia a form of psychosis, Disorganized thoughts, perceptual alter- ations, Inappropriate affect decreased emotional response, Unlinked from reality, Withdrawl into delusional thoughts, misperceptions
  7. Prodromal increased anxiety, distraction, paranoia, delusional thinking, deteri- orating relationships
  8. Acute (Active) positive symptoms (Added ex. hallucinations) Negative (taken away ex. Flat affect)
  9. Residual looks like a prodromal stage. (get better)
  10. Avolition lack of motivation
  11. Anergia no energy
  12. Anhedonia lack of pleasure
  13. Paranoid Schizophrenia prominent hallucinations, delusions
  14. Disorganized schizophrenia unintelligible speech, bizarre behaviour, flat af- fect
  15. Catatonic Severe decrease in motor activity, responsiveness to the environ- ment

7 /

  1. Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome potentially fatal reaction, onset from 3 to 9 days after treatment started
  2. Characteristics of personality disorders Inflexible behaviours, Consistent and constant symptoms, Treatment rarely sought- noncompliance an issue when sought, Tend to view life as as good or all bad, Arrogant and self- indulgent, Pas- sive-aggressive
  3. Cluster A Personality Disorders paranoid PD, scitzoid PD, Schizotypal
  4. Paranoid personality disorderS+S persistent pattern of suspicion or mistrust, Angry or hostile outbursts, Rigid, inflexible nature, Inability to achieve closeness in relationships, Can't take constructive criticism but is critical to others
  5. Schizoid personality disorder S+S self-absorbed loners, Get less pleasure from soothing, sensual activities, Bland affect, Unresponsive to positive emotions in others, Oblivious to the perception of behaviours by others
  6. Schizotypal personality disorder S+S socially secluded, withdrawn, Strange, unusual patterns of thinking/ communicatinPsychotic behaviour may occur in brief episodes, Magical thinking, Illusions are common Emotions - rigid and inflexible, Little ability to respond to feelings of others
  7. Cluster B Personality Disorders antisocial PD, borderline PD, Narcissistic PD, histrionic PD
  8. Antisocial personality disorder S+S disregard, infringement on rights of oth- ers, Cold indifference to laws of society, humanity, A sociopath has no conscience
  9. Chronic disorder difficult to treat
  10. Impulsive victimize others for materialistic self-gain, Continual involvement with law enforcement, Ex. Ted Bundy, Jeffery Dhamer

8 /

  1. Borderline personality disorder S+S Unstable relationships, insecurity, mood swings, Impulsive, angry outbursts, easily detached, Chronic sense of emptiness, abandonment, anxiety
  2. Splitting brief episodes of paranoia, hallucinations, Suicide threats and self-mutilation, Experiences of happiness, well-being rare
  3. Narcissistic Personality Disorder S+S Exaggerated sense of self-impor- tance, Arrogance, entitlement
  4. Underlying feelings of inferiority, the envy of others, Over-exaggerated person- al achievement, Little regard for others feelings, and unrealistic thinking
  5. Histrionic Personality Disorder S+S extreme egocentricity, emotionalism, De- manding personal attention, Melodramatic, fake, exaggerated behaviours, Develop superficial relationships, Provocative dress, mannerisms, Easily influenced, overly trusting
  6. Cluster C Personality Disorders avoidant PD, Dependent PD, Obses- sive-compulsive

10 / usually absent or of mild intensity, Concerns/anxiety disproportionate to ïllness.", Reassurance does not affect anxiety, Overconcern regarding health issues consumes life

  1. Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) S+S sen- sory or neurological impairment, unsupported by diagnostic testing
  2. Balance, speech, swallowing etc, Contain factor of anxiety to divert atten- tion from the underlying stress situation, Display little concern regarding the implications of symptoms
  3. Factitious disorder S+S Intentional falsification of medical or psychological signs/ symptoms to assume the sick role, Imposed on self, another
  4. Inconsistencies between history + objective findings, Symptoms may be intentionally induced, Planned mimicking of disorders for attention
  5. Dissociation a mechanism that allows the mind to separate certain memories, most often of unpleasant situations or traumatic events
  6. Dissociative Disorder disturbance in the ordinarily organized functions of conscious awareness, memory, identity, and view of oneself in relation to the environment

11 /

  1. Dissociative Amnesia S+S inability to remember important personal info, usually of stressful or traumatic nature
  2. Localized amnesia amnesia occurs within a few hours of a traumatic event
  3. Selective amnesia retains a memory of portion of the event only
  4. Generalized amnesia Unable to recall any aspect of life
  5. Continuous amnesia encompasses period up to/ including the present
  6. Dissociative amnesia with Dissociative Fugue S+S Inability to recall some/ all of one's past/ identity, accompanied by sudden, unexpected travel, away from home or place of work, Often remember things unrelated to identity, Unable to remember the time of altered identity upon recovery
  7. Malingered fugue occurs in those trying to avoid a legal, financial or unwanted personal situation most with full recovery
  8. Dissociative Identity Disorder S+S formerly known as multiple personality disorder, 2+ distinct identities present in the same person, Each identity may have
  • name, personal history, memories, behaviour patterns, social relationships, One personality comes out at a time Memory gaps
  1. Depersonalization/ derealization disorder S+S the persistent, repetitive ex- perience of feeling detached from mental processes or body without disorientation, Unsure of personal identity or info
  2. Derealization perceive the external environment as unreal or changing, Anx- iety, panic, depression, obsessive + somatic complaints
  3. Phases of Substance Dependency Phase 1- first use, Phase 2- user experi- ences hangover effects (begins to feel guilty), Phase 3- dependant lifestyle

13 /

  1. Cannabis-related disorder S+S high feeling followed by mental and physical effects, Often used with other substances, High dose can result in anxiety, social withdrawal irritability
  2. Hallucinogen use disorder S+S PCP most common, taken orally, injected, Users, demonstrate dangerous behaviours, Lack of judgement, Mood swings, fear- fulness, anxiety, feelings of going insane, dying, The toxic episode, flashbacks
  3. Inhalant-related disorders S+S behavioural changes, Euphoria, Breath smells of pain/ solvent, Permanent CNS/ PNS damage possible
  4. Opioid-related disorders S+S Heroin, Prescription meds oxycodone, com- pulsive, prolonged self-admin for no medical reason Initial high, them depression, motor functioning problems
  5. Stimulant-use disorder S+S Crack most common cocaine, Easily inhaled, Mood changes, weight loss, malnutrition, Chronic abuse
  6. Caffeine-related disorders S+S heavy caffeine use, Anxiety, agitation, sweat- ing, restlessness,
  7. Nicotine-related disorders S+S tobacco products, Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic-use disorders
  8. Eating Disorders anorexia, nervosa, binge eating, purging, Bulimia nervosa
  9. Anorexia Nervosa S&S intense fear of weight gain, significant self-image disturbance, Weight loss via dieting, starvation or excessive exercise
  10. Binge eating eating more food than normal in a discrete-time span
  11. Purging emptying the GI tract via self-induced vomiting, use of

14 / laxatives or diuretics

  1. Bulimia Nervosa S&S binge eating with repeated attacks, self- induced de- structive methods to prevent weight gain; purging, nonpurging, Inability to stop eating during a binge eating episode, Ashamed of disorder, attempt to hide symptoms, event trigger binge behaviours, Repeated use of risky methods to prevent weight gain
  2. Binge-eating disorderS&S similar to bulimia except no purging, Overweight, History of other psychological issues
  3. Anorexia Nervosa antidepressants, antianxiety meds and therapy
  4. Bulimia therapy antidepressants, education, relaxation techniques
  5. Sexual Disorders Gender dysphoria and transsexualism, Paraphilic disor- ders, Exhibitionist disorderSexual masochism disorder, Sexual sadism disorder, Tranvestic disorder, Voyeuristic disorders, Fetishistic disorder, Pedophilic disorder,