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is typically not referred to as a buffer type in critical chain project management. A. Resource buffer B. Free buffer C. Feeding buffer D. Project buffer Answer - B. Free buffer An accepted deadline for a project approaches. However, the project manager realizes only 75% percent of the work has been completed. The project manager then issues a change request. What should the change request authorize? A. Additional resources using the contingency fund B. Escalation approval to use contingency funding C. Team overtime to meet the schedule D. Corrective action based on causes Answer - D. Corrective action based on causes The project manager develops a process improvement plan to encourage continuous process improvement during the life of the project. Which of the following is a valid tool or technique to assist the project manager to assure the success of the process improvement plan? A. Change control system B. Process analysis C. Benchmarking D. Configuration management system Answer - B. Process analysis The project manager meets with the project team to review lessons learned from previous projects. In what activity is the team involved?
A. Performance management B. Scope identification C. Risk identification D. Project team status meeting Answer - C. Risk identification Which should be included in a requirements management plan? A. The document should trace requirements to project scope / WBS deliverables. B. It should describe how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported. C. It should trace high-level requirements to more detailed requirements. D. It should trace requirements to business needs, opportunities, goals, and objectives. Answer - B. It should describe how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported. In a traditionally drawn decision tree, a circle represents. A. a chance to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown. B. a decision to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown. C. a chance to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely pay-off. D. a decision to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely pay-off. Answer - C. a chance to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely pay-off. A project management team has subcontracted work to a service company. Which of the following tools is the best choice to ensure that this company will be able to meet the quality requirements of the project? A. Quality audit B. Deliverable inspection C. Fixed price contract D. Service level agreement Answer - A. Quality audit
B. A statement of work specifying attributes and metrics of the requested deliverables in detail to allow vendors submission of bids C. The approved project scope statement, the WBS which should be broken down to work package level, and the WBS dictionary D. The risk management plan and the reports from those risk management reviews which have been made so far Answer - B. A statement of work specifying attributes and metrics of the requested deliverables in detail to allow vendors submission of bids Which of the following becomes increasingly important in a virtual team environment? A. Requirements engineering B. Communication planning C. Formal procurements closure D. Network diagramming Answer - B. Communication planning You are assigned as the project manager to a project that is executed for a customer under an FP contract. Your customer informed you this morning that they insist on certain "refinements" of the project scope. You agree that the requested actions make real sense to the project, but believe that they constitute a major change increasing the project scope. What should you do next? A. Accept the request of the customer. Diligently document the additional costs and working hours spent by yourself and the team on the implementation of the change and invoice these to the customer at appropriate rates. B. Perform earned value analysis to assess the current status of the project and get all the numbers you need to communicate the case to the change control board which then will have to make the best decision regarding the customer request. C. Check the contract, the project charter, the scope statement, and other documents related to the project and the contract. Implement ADR (alternative dispute resolution) procedures if the conflict cannot be resolved otherwise. D. Talk to the project sales department and find a joint solution with them on how to best reject the request considering the commercial and strategic value of the customer to the organization you are working for. Correct
Ans - C. Check the contract, the project charter, the scope statement, and other documents related to the project and the contract. Implement ADR (alternative dispute resolution) procedures if the conflict cannot be resolved otherwise. A prime contractor in a customer project under a CPFF contract has run into unexpected technical problems. Fixing them will require a lot of additional work to be done. The company decided to book more staff and equipment from their subcontractors to adhere to the agreed timeline. The customer agreed to this decision. What will most likely happen? A. The contractor's indirect costs will increase and the customer's payment for them will increase, too. B. The contractor's indirect costs will increase, but the customer's payment for them will not increase. C. The contractor's indirect costs will not increase, but the customer's payment for them will. D. Both the contractor's indirect costs and the customer's payment for them will not increase. Answer - D. Both the contractor's indirect costs and the customer's payment for them will not increase. A project management team is evaluating the causes that might contribute to unsatisfactory performance and quality. Which of the following statements is not true? A. Normal process variation is attributable to random causes and sometimes also called "white noise". B. Special causes are easier to predict and handle than random causes (also called common causes). C. Special causes are unusual events that are difficult to foresee and often produce outliers. D. A process can be optimized to limit the bandwidth of variations due to random causes. Answer - B. Special causes are easier to predict and handle than random causes (also called common causes).
A. A measuring instrument solely used to describe process capability. The process is found capable if the ±3 sigma range is exceeded by not more than 0.3% of a tested sample lot. B. The limits of the Six Sigma area on either side of a control chart to plot measured values; data found outside the area are out of specification and can lead to the rejection of an entire batch. C. The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in statistical quality control D. The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in quality assurance Answer - C. The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in statistical quality control The scope baseline consists of what? A. Scope statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary B. Cost baseline, quality baseline, and schedule baseline C. Configuration management plan and configuration identification document D. Procurement statement of work and project scope statement Answer
- A. Scope statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary Which tool and technique is used in the processes Create WBS and Define activities? A. Nominal group technique B. Human resource assignment C. Brainstorming D. Decomposition Answer - D. Decomposition Which of the following statement(s) on whistleblowing is/are not true?
- It is a term used to define an employee's decision to disclose information on unethical, immoral, or illegal actions at work to an authority figure.
- An employee should always discuss the matter with people external to the company before following the "chain of command" and discussing it with the immediate superior.
- The consequences of whistleblowing are often extreme and might include being branded as an owner of bad judgment, layoff, civil action, and imprisonment.
- Carefully performed whistleblowing can lead to the end of unethical business practices. A. 1 B. 2 C. 2, D. 3,4 Answer - B. 2 Which of the following statements is not true? A. Attribute sampling is the process of assessing whether results conform to specifications or not. B. Prevention means keeping errors out of the process by applying actions before the process starts changing its input. C. Variables sampling means that the result is classified into one of the 3 categories: "acceptable" - "acceptable after rework" - "rejected". D. Inspection is often mainly done to keep errors out of the hands of the customer instead of as a means of process control. Answer - C. Variables sampling means that the result is classified into one of the 3 categories: "acceptable" - "acceptable after rework" - "rejected". Which statement describes best why you should document assumptions? A. Assumptions might prove to be wrong. Knowing which assumptions were incorrect allows baseline adjustments in case of project crisis. B. Assumption analysis is a valuable tool and technique to explore the validity of assumptions during risk identification. C. Assumptions limit the project management team's options for decision- making because they can not be controlled by the team. D. In case of schedule or budget overruns, the documentation of assumptions supports a clear assignment of responsibility. Answer - B. Assumption analysis is a valuable tool and technique to explore the validity of assumptions during risk identification.
A. Use all communication methods available that are suitable for the team and follow up in writing when communicating verbally. Remember that cultural and individual diversity may help project teams solve unforeseen problems during the project. B. When you are about to form a team for your project, keep in mind that some cultures are developed, and others are more primitive. Some have values, some do not. You should consequently avoid choosing members from countries with cultures that are not similar to your own. C. Cultural dilemmas can prevent any project from being successful. They should therefore be smoothed or suppressed to make sure that they cannot disrupt project work. Your effort should concentrate on communication that can help reach that goal. D. As norms regarding communication habits differ significantly across various cultures, communicating between people from different countries should only be done using language. The nonverbal dimension simply bears too many risks. Answer - A. Use all communication methods available that are suitable for the team and follow up in writing when communicating verbally. Remember that cultural and individual diversity may help project teams solve unforeseen problems during the project. Which statement on conflicts is true? A. Conflict resolution should focus on people, not issues. B. Conflict is natural and forces a search for alternatives. C. Conflict should always be handled in private and not in the team. D. Too much openness is a common cause of conflict. Answer - B. Conflict is natural and forces a search for alternatives. A change request in a project has been rejected some weeks ago. Yesterday, the project manager found out that it nevertheless has been implemented by the team members, who knew of the change request, but not of the rejection. To avoid such a situation, rejected change requests should be consistently communicated to stakeholders through which process? A. Report performance
B. Verify scope C. Perform integrated change control D. Monitor and control risks Answer - C. Perform integrated change control What is a trigger in project risk management? A. An expected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur B. A warning sign that a previously identified risk might be occurring or has occurred C. An unexpected situation causing an identified risk to occur D. An unexpected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur Answer
- B. A warning sign that a previously identified risk might be occurring or has occurred According to the project plan, a contractor is scheduled to deliver some software components this afternoon. A regular payment is due to be made to this contractor tomorrow. You and your project team received a note this morning informing you that the software delivery will be delayed by 2 weeks. What should you do right now? A. You should delay the payment also for 2 weeks. B. You must immediately find a different contractor. C. You should conduct a meeting with the contractor to resolve the delivery issues before making the payment. D. You should make the payment and reschedule the project plan. Answer
- C. You should conduct a meeting with the contractor to resolve the delivery issues before making the payment. In a software company, a large number of simultaneously performed projects utilize the same groups of human and other resources. What is the term commonly used for this situation? A. Concurrent engineering
4 make a bid or proposal binding for the offerer while the customer has time to select among various bidders. Answer - 3 ......covers the customer's costs caused by late completion or failure to meet specifications by the contractor. What should not be covered by a risk management plan? A. Roles and responsibilities for handling project risks B. Timing of project risk management activities C. The methodological approach used for risk management D. Individual risks and potential responses to them Answer - D. Individual risks and potential responses to them An estimation has been made that the construction of a residential home will cost a certain amount per square foot of living area. This is an example of what type of estimating? A. Analogous estimating B. Bottom-up estimating C. Top-down estimating D. Parametric estimating Answer - D. Parametric estimating What is true for prototypes? A. Prototyping causes significant costs and should be avoided wherever possible. B. They are tangible and allow for early feedback on requirements by stakeholders. C. Prototypes are mostly developed toward the end of a design or build phase. D. Prototypes increase the risk of misunderstandings between developers and users. Answer - B. They are tangible and allow for early feedback on requirements by stakeholders. What is a constructive change? A. A change request that helps improve the project and its product, service, or result and is discussed generally in a friendly style.
B. A direction by the buyer or an action taken by the seller that the other party considers an undocumented change to the contract. C. A field change or ad-hoc change mandated by the project customer in a public construction project. D. A change request that will lead to the re-construction of an older version of the project performance baseline by the contractor. Answer - B. A direction by the buyer or an action taken by the seller that the other party considers an undocumented change to the contract. Which of the following is generally not regarded to be a motivator according to Frederick Herzberg? A. Working conditions and interpersonal relations B. Responsibility for enlarged task C. Interest in the task D. Recognition for achievement Answer - A. Working conditions and interpersonal relations What is true for modern project management? Project managers need... A.......to have a strict standing in negotiating B.......to show experience in tricking business partners C......to be team players and facilitators instead of "bosses" D. ... to be strongly linked to local traditions Answer - C.......to be team players and facilitators instead of "bosses" You are the project manager in an engineering project and have recently signed a contract with a software vendor for the development of a complicated control solution. The software will be used to control machinery equipment that your project team is currently developing. The contract is a lump-sum contract. The contractor has a target cost estimated which seems rather low to you. Which of the following statements is not true for this situation? A. It is the contractor's risk in this type of contract that their profit may vanish if costs have been underestimated.
the workload has grown too high and while delays are adding up, the morale of the staff is going down. What should you do next? A. Ensure that quantitative information for all projects is made available in a uniform and reliable fashion and verify that the project management methodology is adhered to. Then consolidate the information to get an understanding of the problems related to the use of shared resources. B. Implement an enterprise project management software solution that can level the human resources across the various projects and which can model resource assignment on a percentage level thus optimizing resource utilization for the overall organization. C. Do nothing related to the described problem unless you are explicitly requested by the organization's upper management. Supporting decision-making on the level on which project portfolio management is done, is not the project management office's business. D. Evaluate project management software that supports planning and scheduling across enterprise-wide project portfolios. Avoid managing the availability of shared enterprise resources for the projects run by an organization because this is not the business of a project management office. Answer - A. Ensure that quantitative information for all projects is made available in a uniform and reliable fashion and verify that the project management methodology is adhered to. Then consolidate the information to get an understanding of the problems related to the use of shared resources. You have been criticized that certain specifications in your scope statement do not pass the test for SMART objectives. What are SMART objectives? A. Objectives specified in far more detail than necessary for the execution of a successful project. B. Easily achievable objectives which help you reduce the pressure on yourself and the team. C. Objectives that should be achieved to attain formal recognition by both the customer and the project sponsor. D. Objectives that are described using specific, measurable, assignable, realistic, and time-related specifications. Answer - D. Objectives that are described using specific, measurable, assignable, realistic, and time- related specifications.
You have been assigned as a project manager for a software project. While you and your team are working on a WBS (work breakdown structure), estimations for activity durations based on the activity list vary significantly. Which additional documents may help you clarify this situation? A. Milestone list and scope baseline. B. Project schedule network diagrams and human resource plan. C. Activity cost estimates and scope baseline. D. Activity attributes and project scope statement. Answer - D. Activity attributes and project scope statement. You are performing the earned value technique on your project. After budget approval, an additional and unexpected cost item was identified, which made the project more expensive some weeks ago. The item has meanwhile been paid by the project team, and it is expected that for the remaining duration of the project, costs will be as budgeted. In this case, which is the best formula to calculate EaC (Estimate at Completion)? A. EaC = BaC - CV B. EaC = BaC / CPI C. EaC = AC + BtC / CV D. You can not compute the EaC. Answer - A. EaC = BaC - CV During a company event, you had the opportunity to talk to a colleague project manager. He told you that in his current project, actual costs are 15% under the cumulated costs budgeted for today. What do you think? A. The information given to you by the colleague is not sufficient to assess project performance. B. The project will probably be completed with total costs remaining under budget until the end. C. A significant cost increase during the further course of the project will probably bring the costs back to the baseline level.
- Project scope statement,
- WBS (work breakdown structure) and WBS dictionary. B.
- Work breakdown structure,
- Scope statement,
- Project charter,
- CSOW (contractual statement of work),
- Contractual work breakdown structure C.
- Feasibility study
- Contract,
- CWBS (contractual work breakdown structure),
- Scope of work descriptions,
- PID (project initiation document). D.
- BOM (Bill of materials),
- CAP (control account plan),
- Project charter
- Change management plan,
- Scope baseline. Answer - A.
- Project SOW (statement of work),
- Project charter,
- Project scope management plan,
- Project scope statement,
- WBS (work breakdown structure) and WBS dictionary. What is the S-curve in project management? A. A graph that is generated if a normal curve is integrated. B. A graph that is to be integrated to generate a normal curve. C. A metaphoric description of the short-term uncertainties that are present in every project. D. The graph that describes the typical growth of earned value during the project. Answer - D. The graph that describes the typical growth of earned value during the project. An output of the process Estimate activity resources is a document called "activity resource requirements". It identifies the types and quantities of resources...
........While the term resources is limited to equipment and materials. B......required for each activity in a work package. C......while the term resources is limited to human resources. D. ...to be obtained solely from the performing organization. Answer
- B......required for each activity in a work package. What is not the purpose of configuration control when configuration management is applied in a project? A. Verification that the configuration identification for a configuration item is accurate, complete, and will meet specified program needs. B. Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully analyzed. C. Ensuring that proposed and approved changes to configuration items are fully documented. D. Managing and controlling the frequently requested changes to a project by applying agreed rules. Answer - A. Verification that the configuration identification for a configuration item is accurate, complete, and will meet specified program needs. Which statement describes best the meaning of the term cost baseline? A. A cost baseline is always created by translating time-phased cost information into cost data on activity or work-package level. B. A cost baseline is an approved time-phased budget that will be used to measure and monitor cost performance on the project. C. Data to draw a cost baseline can be easily generated and updated as necessary from information related to the actual project cost. D. A cost baseline is usually displayed in the form of an inverse S-curve drawn from the beginning of the project until the data date. Answer - B. A cost baseline is an approved time-phased budget that will be used to measure and monitor cost performance on the project. Which is not true in regard to RoI (return on investment) for a project? A. It defines the cumulated net income from an investment at a given point in time or during a defined period.
